CN114886027A - Pig feed containing anise essential oil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pig feed containing anise essential oil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114886027A CN114886027A CN202210469492.3A CN202210469492A CN114886027A CN 114886027 A CN114886027 A CN 114886027A CN 202210469492 A CN202210469492 A CN 202210469492A CN 114886027 A CN114886027 A CN 114886027A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- essential oil
- anise essential
- pig feed
- anise
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pig feed containing anise essential oil and a preparation method thereof, wherein the pig feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn, 8-12 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran meal, 28-32 parts of broken rice, 0.025-0.10 part of anise essential oil and 3-5 parts of premix, wherein the premix comprises: VA, VD, VE, VK 3 、VB 2 、VB 6 、VB 12 Biotin, folic acid, D-pantothenic acid, hydrochloric acid, choline chloride, an antibiotic agent, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, and iodine. The feed containing the aniseed essential oil for the pigs can improve the growth performance, the physiological and biochemical conditions of blood and the immunity level of the growing and fattening pigs, and can obviously improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of the growing and fattening pigs on various nutrients and the oxidation resistance level of organisms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feeds, and particularly relates to a pig feed containing anise essential oil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A large amount of chemically synthesized pig feed additives, such as antibiotics, are commonly used in feed since the last 80 years, can improve the resistance of live pigs to a certain extent, and play a great role in promoting the rapid development of the pig industry.
The long-term use of antibiotics enables the live pig organism to generate a large amount of drug-resistant strains, increases the treatment difficulty, even cannot treat, leads to high death rate of the live pig and larger breeding loss, and is more unfavorable for the healthy and benign development of animal husbandry; after the antibiotics are metabolized, a period of residual time exists in the live pig body, even if the antibiotics are not completely degraded after a period of time, a part of the antibiotics can be remained in the live pig body, the immunity and disease resistance of a human body can be affected after the antibiotics are eaten, the immune function of the human body can be disordered after the antibiotics are taken for a long time, and huge hidden troubles are buried in the aspect of epidemic disease control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pig feed containing anise essential oil and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that the health of a person eating pork is damaged due to the addition of antibiotics in the pig feed.
According to one aspect of the invention, the pig feed containing the anise essential oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn, 8-12 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran meal, 28-32 parts of broken rice, 0.05-0.08 part of anise essential oil, 3-5 parts of premix,
wherein the premix comprises: VA, VD, VE, VK 3 、VB 2 、VB 6 、VB 12 Biotin, folic acid, D-pantothenic acid, hydrochloric acid, choline chloride, an antibiotic agent, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, and iodine.
Further, the pig feed containing the anise essential oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27-30 parts of corn, 8-10 parts of rice bran, 12-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-18 parts of rice bran meal, 30-32 parts of broken rice, 0.05-0.06 part of star anise essential oil and 3-4 parts of premix.
Further, the pig feed containing the anise essential oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27.5 parts of corn, 10 parts of rice bran, 12.5 parts of bean pulp, 16 parts of rice bran pulp, 30 parts of broken rice, 0.05 part of anise essential oil and 3 parts of premix.
Further, the anise essential oil comprises the following components: VC, anethole, p-anisic aldehyde, limonene, tarragon and anisic ketone.
Further, the mass percentage of the anethole in the anise essential oil is 50-60%.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the anise essential oil-containing pig feed is also provided, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating, mixing and curing corn, rice bran, bean pulp, rice bran pulp and broken rice to obtain a mixture;
(2) adding a premix into the mixture and granulating to obtain a mixture;
(3) and adding the anise essential oil into the mixture to obtain the anise essential oil-containing pig feed.
Further, the preparation method of the anise essential oil comprises the following steps:
(1) distilling the pulverized fructus Anisi Stellati with steam, and collecting volatile oil;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent into the volatile oil, standing for layering, and filtering the upper layer liquid to obtain a filtrate which is the anise essential oil.
Further, the distillation time is 5-8 h.
Further, the addition amount of the dehydrating agent accounts for 0.2-1.5% of the mass of the aniseed raw material.
Further, the yield of the anise essential oil is 10-15%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the application provides a pig feed contains anise essential oil, and the anise essential oil has the effects of appetizing, descending qi, dispelling cold, warming kidney, relieving pain and the like, and also has good antibacterial, insecticidal activity and anti-free radical oxidation effects. The feed containing the aniseed essential oil for the fattening pigs can improve the growth performance, the physiological and biochemical conditions of blood and the immune level of the fattening pigs, and can obviously improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of the fattening pigs to various nutrients and the oxidation resistance level of organisms. The application provides a pig feed containing anise essential oil does not contain antibiotic component, and the health of eating the pork person can not receive harm.
Detailed Description
The following examples of the present invention are described in detail, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways defined and covered by the following.
Pig feed containing anise essential oil
The first aspect of the embodiment of the application provides a pig feed containing anise essential oil, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn, 8-12 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran meal, 28-32 parts of broken rice, 0.025-0.10 part of star anise essential oil, 3-5 parts of premix,
wherein the premix comprises: VA, VD, VE, VK 3 、VB 2 、VB 6 、VB 12 Biotin, folic acid, D-pantothenic acid, hydrochloric acid, choline chloride, an antibiotic agent, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, and iodine.
According to the embodiment of the application, the aniseed essential oil has the effects of appetizing, descending qi, dispelling cold, warming kidney, relieving pain and the like, and also has good bacteriostatic and insecticidal activity and free radical oxidation resisting effect. For example, the aniseed essential oil has an inhibitory effect on tubercle bacillus and bacillus subtilis, and the ethanol extract of the aniseed essential oil has an inhibitory effect on staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, paratyphoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus and some common pathogenic candida.
The pig feed containing the anise essential oil can improve the growth performance, the blood physiological and biochemical conditions and the immune level of the fattening pigs, and can obviously improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of the fattening pigs to various nutrients and the oxidation resistance level of organisms.
The content of the star anise essential oil is 0.025-0.10 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the pig feed containing the star anise essential oil, and the effect of the star anise essential oil is not obvious when the content is lower than 0.025 part by weight; when the amount is more than 0.10 part by weight, the effect of improving the growth performance, the physiological and biochemical conditions of blood, the immune level and the like of the fattening pig is reduced, and the cost is increased.
In the examples herein, the corn is 25 to 35 parts by weight, for example 25 parts, 26 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts or 30 parts by weight of corn based on 100 parts by weight. The corn parts by weight can also be any combination of the above values.
In the examples of the present application, the rice bran is 8 to 12 parts by weight, for example, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts or 12 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight. The rice bran may be present in any combination of the above amounts.
In the examples of the present application, the soybean meal is 10 to 15 parts by weight, for example, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts or 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight. The weight parts of the soybean meal can also be any combination range of the above numerical values.
In the examples of the present application, the rice bran meal is 15 to 20 parts by weight, for example, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts or 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rice bran meal. The weight parts of the rice bran meal can also be in any combination range of the numerical values.
In the examples of the present application, the crushed rice is 28 to 32 parts by weight, for example, 28 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, 31 parts or 32 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight. The weight parts of the broken rice can also be any combination range of the numerical values.
In the examples of the present application, the premix is 3 to 5 parts by weight, for example, 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight. The weight parts of the premix may also be in any combination of the above values.
According to the embodiment of the application, the premix increases the nutritional ingredients of the feed, and the trace elements in the premix can promote the metabolism of the organism, promote the growth and improve the weight gain rate. For example, vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in feed.
The feed containing the aniseed essential oil for the fattening pigs can improve the growth performance, the physiological and biochemical condition of blood and the immunity level of the fattening pigs, and can obviously improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of the fattening pigs to various nutrients and the oxidation resistance level of organisms. The application provides a pig feed containing anise essential oil does not contain antibiotic component, and the health of eating the pork person can not receive harm.
In the embodiment of the application, the pig feed containing the anise essential oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27-30 parts of corn, 8-10 parts of rice bran, 12-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-18 parts of rice bran meal, 30-32 parts of broken rice, 0.05-0.06 part of anise essential oil and 3-4 parts of premix.
In the application examples, the pig feed containing the anise essential oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27.5 parts of corn, 10 parts of rice bran, 12.5 parts of soybean meal, 16 parts of rice bran meal, 30 parts of broken rice, 0.05 part of anise essential oil and 3 parts of premix.
The pig feed containing the anise essential oil with the content can further improve the effects of improving the growth performance, the blood physiological and biochemical conditions and the immune level.
In the examples of the application, the anise essential oil comprises the following components: VC, anethole, p-anisaldehyde, limonene, estragole, and anisic ketone.
According to the embodiment of the application, VC can enhance resistance, has the advantage of neutralizing intracellular toxins, can inhibit bacterial reproduction, can prevent and treat general infectious diseases, and has a good treatment effect on severe infectious diseases such as toxic shock. Also has good antioxidant effect, and can help promote collagen production. Can promote phagocytosis of phagocyte, and the phagocytic function of leukocyte depends on the level of vitamin C in blood plasma. Meanwhile, the method can promote the differentiation and proliferation of lymphocytes, promote the formation of antibodies and improve the activity of natural killer cells, thereby improving the identification and killing capability of target cells. Helps to relieve allergy and inflammation.
Anethole has the function of promoting the release of leucocytes from bone marrow to the peripheral blood. The bone marrow cell maturation is accelerated due to the body's own feedback regulation. Can promote the maturation and release of bone marrow cells, and significantly increase leukocytes, especially neutrophils. Can be used for treating leukopenia caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
P-anisaldehyde is also called p-methoxybenzaldehyde, anisaldehyde. Anisaldehyde is one of main components in the anise oil, has lasting fragrance and strong antioxidant performance, and can be used as an insecticide, an insecticide additive, a biological growth inhibitor and the like.
Limonene has good effects of relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, inhibiting bacteria, relaxing Oddi sphincter, reducing gallbladder pressure, and increasing pancreas secretion lipase, amylase and elastase.
The estragole is also called chavicol, and has the functions of resisting bacteria, relieving spasm, tranquilizing and increasing white blood cells.
The anisic ketone has antibacterial effect, and can inhibit typhoid bacillus, pneumococcus and Escherichia coli.
In the embodiment of the application, the content of the anethole in the anise essential oil is 50-60% by mass.
Preparation of pig feed containing anise essential oil
The embodiment of the second aspect of the application provides a preparation method of the pig feed containing the anise essential oil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating, mixing and curing corn, rice bran, bean pulp, rice bran pulp and broken rice to obtain a mixture;
(2) adding a premix into the mixture and granulating to obtain a mixture;
(3) and adding the anise essential oil into the mixture to obtain the anise essential oil-containing pig feed.
The method has simple steps, and the prepared pig feed containing the anise essential oil has stable quality and is suitable for large-scale production.
In the embodiment of the application, the preparation method of the anise essential oil comprises the following steps:
(1) distilling the pulverized fructus Anisi Stellati with steam, and collecting volatile oil;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent into the volatile oil, standing for layering, and filtering the upper layer liquid to obtain a filtrate which is the anise essential oil.
In some embodiments, the steam distillation time is 5 to 8 hours. For example, the distillation time is 5h, 6h, 7h or 8 h. The distillation time can also range between any combination of the above values.
In some embodiments, the dehydrating agent is added in an amount of 0.2 to 1.5% by mass of the anise raw material. For example, the amount of dehydrating agent added is 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2% or 1.5% by mass of the anise starting material.
In some embodiments, anise essential oil is made by the following method:
weighing 500kg of anise raw material crushed material, putting the crushed material into a self-made oil steaming tank, directly distilling for 5-8 hours by steam, collecting crude oil, adding 0.2-1.5% of dehydrating agent, stirring for 30 minutes, standing for layering, and filtering the upper layer to obtain 50-75 kg of filtrate of essential oil.
The fructus Anisi Stellati is dried mature fruit of fructus Anisi Stellati of Magnoliaceae. Picking in autumn and winter when the fruit turns from green to yellow, and drying.
In some embodiments, the yield of the anise essential oil is 10-15%, for example the yield of the anise essential oil is 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14% or 15%. The yield of the anise essential oil can be within any combination range of the above values.
Examples and comparative examples
The present disclosure is more particularly described in the following examples that are intended as illustrative only, since various modifications and changes within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are on a weight basis, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further treatment, and the equipment used in the examples is commercially available.
The test adopts a single-factor random test design, 120 pigs with the same breed, good health status and similar weight are selected and divided into 3 examples and 2 comparative examples (6 in each example and 4 pigs in each example), the test is carried out for 7 days in advance, and the test is carried out for 35 days in formal test. The test groups are detailed in table 1 below.
Table 1 experimental design and grouping
| Group of | Type of ration |
| Comparative example 1 | Basal diet |
| Comparative example 2 | Basic ration +75g/t aureomycin (15%) premix |
| Example 1 | Basic ration plus 250g/t star anise essential oil |
| Example 2 | Basic ration plus 500g/t aniseed essential oil |
| Example 3 | Basic ration plus 1000g/t aniseed essential oil |
The basic ration is different from the pig feed containing the anise essential oil, which is only in that the anise essential oil is not contained, and the specific composition and the nutritional level are shown in table 2.
Feeding management
The test pigs of comparative examples 1-2 and examples 1-3 were fed on the diet type shown in table 1, and the other test conditions and treatment methods were the same. The method comprises the following specific steps: the pigs are transferred to the test pigs after the colony house is disinfected, and the pigs are repeatedly closed in groups, and the same repeated pig is closed in the same colony. The pigs are fed for 2 times (08:00 and 16:00) every day, so that the pigs are guaranteed to eat and drink water all the time, and the test pigs are full and a small amount of excess feed is in a trough. The condition of the pigs is observed every day, the suitable growing environment of the pigs is guaranteed, excrement is cleared every day to keep the colony house clean, and the pigs are disinfected every 1 week.
Table 2 basal ration composition and nutritional level (dry matter basis,%)
Note: 1) the premix is provided for each kilogram of daily ration: VA, 325 IU; VD, 37.5 IU; VE, 2.75 IU; VK 3 ， 0.013mg；VB 2 ，0.63mg；VB 6 ，0.25mg；VB 12 2.5 mg; biotin, 0.013 mg; folic acid, 0.08 mg; 2.00mg of D-pantothenic acid; hydrochloric acid, 2.5 mg; choline chloride, 0.08 mg; antioxidant, 12.50 mg; iron (FeSO) 4 ·H 2 O), 12.50 mg; copper (CuSO) 4 ·H 2 O), 0.88 mg; zinc (ZnO), 15.00 mg; manganese (MnSO) 4 ·H 2 O), 0.50 mg; selenium (Na) 2 SeO 3 ) 0.04 mg; iodine (KI), 0.04 mg. 2) The digestion energy is the calculated value.
Sample collection and processing
(1) Serum sample
And (3) weighing the test pigs on an empty stomach after the test is finished, repeatedly selecting 1 test pig close to the average weight of the test pigs, taking 20ml of blood from the anterior vena cava, placing the test pigs in a common centrifuge tube, placing the test pigs at room temperature for 30min, centrifuging the test pigs at 3500r/min for 10min, separating serum, subpackaging the separated test pigs in a 1.5ml centrifuge tube, and storing the conventional physiological, biochemical, antioxidant and immune indexes of the serum to be measured at the temperature of minus 80 ℃.
(2) Feed and fecal sample
At the end of the test, 500g of each treated feed sample was collected using disposable sterile gloves, and simultaneously fresh and clean fecal samples were collected at random within each repetition, and about 1kg of each repetition was collected, aliquoted and stored for future testing.
Index and method for measurement
(1) Growth performance
The pigs were weighed on an empty stomach in replicates at the start and end of the trial, respectively, daily feed intake was recorded for each replicate trial, and Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), Average Daily Gain (ADG) and feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) were calculated for the trial pigs.
(2) General physiological and biochemical indexes of serum
The detection of 11 serum physiological biochemical indicators including glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea (Urea), blood Glucose (GLU), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TGG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Total protein (TP, Total protein), Albumin (albu) levels, and the calculation of Globulin (GLB, Globulin) levels was performed using a fully automatic biochemical analyzer.
(3) Serum antioxidant index
The Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH, Glutathione), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Catalase (CAT, Catalase) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of the test pig are measured by adopting a spectrophotometer, an enzyme labeling instrument and other equipment, and 6 antioxidant indexes including the levels of the GSH, the Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), the Catalase (CAT, Catalase) and the Malondialdehyde (MDA) are measured.
(4) Serum immune related index
The determination of the immunoglobulin Ig A, Ig G and Ig M level and the complement C3 and C4 level in the blood serum of the test pig is carried out by adopting an enzyme-linked immunoassay method.
(5) Determination of nutrient digestibility
The digestibility of the treatment pigs on dry matter, energy, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus of the feed is analyzed by adopting an endogenous indicator (acid-insoluble ash) method.
(6) Fecal parasite and egg assay
The level of common parasites and eggs such as nematodes, tapeworms, trematodes, coccidia and the like in the pig manure is detected by a floating method, a precipitation method and the like.
Statistical analysis
After the experimental data are subjected to preliminary treatment by Excel 2007 software, single-factor analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) is carried out by SPSS 19.0 statistical software, if the difference between groups is significant, multiple comparisons are carried out by Duncan's method, the significance level is P <0.05, and the significance level is considered to be a trend if the P <0.1 is 0.05. The test results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. In addition, Orthogonal polynomial comparisons (Orthogonal polynomial comparisons) are adopted to analyze the linear and secondary effects of different aniseed essential oil levels of the ration on various indexes of the fattening pig.
Results and analysis
(1) Influence of different star anise essential oil levels of daily ration on growth performance of fattening pigs
The effect of different anise essential oil levels in the ration on the growth performance of the finishing pigs is shown in table 3 below. As can be seen from Table 3: the Average Daily Gain (ADG), Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and feed/weight ratio (F/G) of the test pigs were not significantly different between treatments (P > 0.05); however, numerically, the test treatment of test pigs with 250 and 500mg/kg essential oil of anise added to the ration yielded superior ADG and F/G. Meanwhile, the addition of star anise essential oil at different levels to the daily ration tends to increase the Average end weight (P ═ 0.057) of the test pigs.
TABLE 3 influence of different levels of essential oils of anise on the growth performance of finishing pigs (kg)
(2) Influence of different star anise essential oil levels of daily ration on physiological and biochemical indexes of fat-raised pig serum
The effect of the level of essential oil of star anise in different daily rations on the physiological and biochemical indexes of the serum of the fattening pigs is shown in the following table 4. As can be seen from Table 4: the average water levels of the serum glucose, the triglyceride, the total cholesterol, the urea, the total protein, the albumin, the globulin, the high-density lipoprotein, the alkaline phosphatase, the glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase of the pigs in each treatment room have no significant difference (P is more than 0.05), which indicates that the physiological and biochemical conditions of the blood of the fattening pigs are not adversely affected by adding different levels of aniseed essential oil in the daily ration of the fattening pigs. Meanwhile, the addition of anise essential oil at different levels to the ration tended to lower the serum low density lipoprotein level of the test pigs (0.05< P <0.10) compared to the control treatment and the chlortetracycline addition treatment fed the basal ration.
TABLE 4 influence of different essential oil levels of fructus Anisi Stellati on physiological and biochemical indexes of fat-raised pig serum in daily ration
(3) Influence of different star anise essential oil levels of daily ration on oxidation resistance index of fat-raised pig serum
The effect of different star anise essential oil levels in the daily ration on the serum antioxidant index of the fattening pigs is shown in the following table 5. As can be seen from Table 5: the fattening pig serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) between different treatment rooms have no obvious difference in water average (P is more than 0.05). However, in numerical view, the serum GPX levels of the test pigs are respectively improved by 4.14%, 14.67% and 7.83% by adding the low, medium and high dosages of the anise essential oil compared with the control treatment of the basic ration, and the MDA level of the serum of the test pigs is also reduced by a minimum of 2.16 nmol/ml of the high dosage of the anise essential oil compared with the control treatment of the basic ration, wherein the MDA level of the serum of the test pigs is reduced by 16.28%. Meanwhile, compared with the control treatment and the chlortetracycline addition treatment of feeding basic ration, the addition of star anise essential oil with different levels to the ration has the tendency of improving the level of Catalase (CAT) in the serum of the test pig and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (0.05< P <0.10), and the change tendency of the CAT level and the level of the star anise essential oil with different levels to the ration have a remarkable linear positive correlation (P < 0.05).
TABLE 5 influence of different essential oil levels of fructus Anisi Stellati on the serum antioxidant index of fattening pig in daily ration
(4) Influence of different star anise essential oil levels of daily ration on serum immune related indexes of fattening pigs
The effect of the levels of different star anise essential oils in the daily ration on the serum immune related indexes of the fattening pigs is shown in the following table 6. As can be seen from Table 6: there were no significant differences in the mean levels of test porcine serum IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 between treatments tested (P > 0.05). But the serum IgA, IgG and C3 levels of the test pigs treated by adding the star anise essential oil into the daily ration are all increased compared with the control treatment. The results show that the immunity level of the test pigs can be improved to a certain extent by adding different levels of star anise essential oil into the daily ration.
TABLE 6 influence of different essential oil levels of fructus Anisi Stellati on serum immunity related index of fattening pig in daily ration
(5) Influence of different star anise essential oil levels in daily ration on parasites and ova in excrement of fattening pigs
Detecting common parasites and eggs in pig manure by adopting a saturated saline floating method, a water washing precipitation method and the like, wherein the common parasites and eggs comprise nematode eggs, coccidian oocysts, tapeworm eggs, parasite sucking eggs, echinococcus eggs and the like, the result of treating the manure sample of the test pig in each test is negative, and the parasites or the worm eggs and the like are not detected.
(6) The influence of different star anise essential oil levels of daily ration on the apparent digestibility of nutrients of the fattening pigs is as follows: test treatment room test pigs had no significant effect on crude protein, crude fat, total phosphorus, total apparent digestibility and apparent digestibility water (P > 0.05). However, the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude fiber and calcium in test pigs treated with medium or high doses of anise essential oil addition was significantly higher (P <0.05) than control treatment fed a basal diet, and there was a tendency for the apparent digestibility of crude ash in test pigs to be increased (P ═ 0.071) by adding different levels of anise essential oil to the diet. Meanwhile, an obvious linear positive correlation relationship exists between the change trend of the apparent digestibility of dry matters, crude ash, crude fibers and calcium and the addition level of the star anise essential oil of different daily rations (P is less than 0.05). The results show that the nutrient digestion and absorption efficiency of the fattening pigs can be obviously improved by adding different levels of anise essential oil into the daily ration.
In conclusion, the addition of the aniseed essential oil with a certain level into the daily ration of the fattening pigs can improve the growth performance, the blood physiological and biochemical conditions and the immunity level of the test pigs, can obviously improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of the test pigs to various nutrients and the oxidation resistance level of organisms, shows the potential of replacing antibiotics (aureomycin) to a certain extent, and comprehensively considers that the addition of 500mg/kg of the aniseed essential oil into the daily ration is preferable under the test condition.
While the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present application, and in particular, features shown in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed herein but is to cover all embodiments that may fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The pig feed containing the anise essential oil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn, 8-12 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran meal, 28-32 parts of broken rice, 0.025-0.10 part of anise essential oil, 3-5 parts of premix,
wherein the premix comprises: VA, VD, VE, VK 3 、VB 2 、VB 6 、VB 12 Biotin, folic acid, D-pantothenic acid, hydrochloric acid, choline chloride, an antibiotic agent, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, and iodine.
2. The anise essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27-30 parts of corn, 8-10 parts of rice bran, 12-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-18 parts of rice bran meal, 30-32 parts of broken rice, 0.05-0.06 part of anise essential oil and 3-4 parts of premix.
3. The anise essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27.5 parts of corn, 10 parts of rice bran, 12.5 parts of soybean meal, 16 parts of rice bran meal, 30 parts of broken rice, 0.05 part of anise essential oil and 3 parts of premix.
4. The anise essential oil-containing pig feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the anise essential oil comprises the following components: VC, anethole, p-anisaldehyde, limonene, estragole, and anisic ketone.
5. The anise essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 4, wherein the content of the anethole in the anise essential oil is 50-60% by mass.
6. The preparation method of the anise essential oil-containing pig feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating, mixing and curing corn, rice bran, bean pulp, rice bran pulp and broken rice to obtain a mixture;
(2) adding a premix into the mixture and granulating to obtain a mixture;
(3) and adding the anise essential oil into the mixture to obtain the anise essential oil-containing pig feed.
7. The preparation method of the anise essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the anise essential oil comprises the following steps:
(1) distilling the pulverized fructus Anisi Stellati with steam, and collecting volatile oil;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent into the volatile oil, standing for layering, and filtering the upper layer liquid to obtain a filtrate which is the anise essential oil.
8. The preparation method of the anise essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 7, wherein the distillation time is 5-8 hours.
9. The preparation method of the anise essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 7, wherein the addition amount of the dehydrating agent is 0.2-1.5% by mass of the anise raw material.
10. The preparation method of the anise essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 7, wherein the yield of the anise essential oil is 10-15%.
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| CN115624105A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-01-20 | 湖南诺泽生物科技有限公司 | Intelligence-developing essential oil feed for raising pigs and preparation equipment thereof |
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