CN114788550A - Pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114788550A
CN114788550A CN202210473970.8A CN202210473970A CN114788550A CN 114788550 A CN114788550 A CN 114788550A CN 202210473970 A CN202210473970 A CN 202210473970A CN 114788550 A CN114788550 A CN 114788550A
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parts
essential oil
litsea cubeba
cubeba essential
pig feed
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刘智谋
乐雅武
王会明
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Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co ltd
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Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0007—Aliphatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0007—Aliphatic compounds
    • C11B9/0015—Aliphatic compounds containing oxygen as the only heteroatom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0026—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing an alicyclic ring not condensed with another ring
    • C11B9/0034—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing an alicyclic ring not condensed with another ring the ring containing six carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0026—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing an alicyclic ring not condensed with another ring
    • C11B9/0038—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing an alicyclic ring not condensed with another ring the ring containing more than six carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0042—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing condensed hydrocarbon rings
    • C11B9/0046—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing condensed hydrocarbon rings containing only two condensed rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/0042—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing condensed hydrocarbon rings
    • C11B9/0046—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing condensed hydrocarbon rings containing only two condensed rings
    • C11B9/0049—Essential oils; Perfumes compounds containing condensed hydrocarbon rings containing only two condensed rings the condensed rings sharing two common C atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
    • C11B9/022—Refining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
    • C11B9/027—Recovery of volatiles by distillation or stripping

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Abstract

The invention discloses a pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil and a preparation method thereof, wherein the pig feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: corn (maize)25-35 parts of rice bran, 8-12 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran meal, 28-32 parts of broken rice, 0.02-0.05 part of litsea cubeba essential oil and 3-5 parts of premix, wherein the premix comprises: VA, VD, VE, VK 3 、VB 2 、VB 6 、VB 12 Biotin, folic acid, D-pantothenic acid, hydrochloric acid, choline chloride, an antibiotic agent, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, and iodine. The pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil provided by the application can improve the growth performance and the physiological and biochemical conditions of blood of the fattening pigs and can obviously improve the anti-oxidation level of the fattening pigs.

Description

Pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feeds, and particularly relates to a pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Antibiotics refer to a class of secondary metabolites with anti-pathogen or other activities generated by microorganisms (including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) or higher animals and plants in the life process, and are chemical substances capable of interfering with other life cell development functions. The antibiotics commonly used in clinic are extracts from microbial culture solutions and chemically synthesized or semi-synthesized compounds. Since the last 80 years, a large number of antibiotics are commonly used in feed, most of the antibiotics can kill intestinal microorganisms of animals, promote the absorption of animal organisms to nutrients in the feed, and play a great promoting role in the rapid development of the pig industry.
However, the long-term use of antibiotics causes the body of the live pig to generate a large amount of drug-resistant strains, which increases the treatment difficulty and even can not treat the live pig, thus causing the death rate of the live pig to be high, the breeding loss to be larger, and being more unfavorable for the healthy and benign development of the animal husbandry; after the antibiotics are metabolized, a period of residual time exists in the live pig body, even if the antibiotics are not completely degraded after a period of time, a part of the antibiotics can be remained in the live pig body, the immunity and disease resistance of a human body can be affected after the antibiotics are eaten, the immune function of the human body can be disordered after the antibiotics are taken for a long time, and huge hidden troubles are buried in the aspect of epidemic disease control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil and a preparation method thereof, which aim to solve the technical problem that the health of a person eating pork is damaged due to the addition of antibiotics in the pig feed.
According to one aspect of the invention, the pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn, 8-12 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran meal, 28-32 parts of broken rice, 0.02-0.05 part of litsea cubeba essential oil, 3-5 parts of premix,
wherein the premix comprises: VA, VD, VE, VK 3 、VB 2 、VB 6 、VB 12 Biotin, folic acid, D-pantothenic acid, hydrochloric acid, choline chloride, an antibiotic agent, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, and iodine.
Further, the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27-30 parts of corn, 8-10 parts of rice bran, 12-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-18 parts of rice bran meal, 30-32 parts of broken rice, 0.05-0.06 part of litsea cubeba essential oil and 3-4 parts of premix.
Further, the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27.5 parts of corn, 10 parts of rice bran, 12.5 parts of soybean meal, 16 parts of rice bran meal, 30 parts of broken rice, 0.05 part of litsea cubeba essential oil and 3 parts of premix.
Further, the litsea cubeba essential oil comprises the following components: citral, limonene, pinene, sabinene, myrcene, linalool, geraniol, and caryophyllene.
Further, the mass percentage of the citral in the litsea cubeba essential oil is 45-50%.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil is also provided, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating, mixing and curing corn, rice bran, bean pulp, rice bran pulp and broken rice to obtain a mixture;
(2) adding a premix into the mixture and granulating to obtain a mixture;
(3) adding litsea cubeba essential oil into the mixture to obtain the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed.
Further, the preparation method of the litsea cubeba essential oil comprises the following steps:
(1) distilling the pulverized Litsea cubeba raw material with steam, and collecting volatile oil;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent into the volatile oil, standing for layering, and carrying out suction filtration on the supernatant to obtain a filtrate, namely the litsea cubeba essential oil.
Further, the distillation time is 5-8 h.
Further, the addition amount of the dehydrating agent accounts for 0.5-1% of the mass of the litsea cubeba raw material.
Further, the yield of the litsea cubeba essential oil is 3-5%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the pig feed provided by the application contains litsea cubeba essential oil and litsea cubeba essential oil, has various outstanding antibacterial, antioxidant, asthma relieving and other effects, and has strong bacteriostatic action on staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, typhoid bacillus and dysentery bacillus. The pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil provided by the application can improve the growth performance and the physiological and biochemical conditions of blood of the fattening pigs and can obviously improve the anti-oxidation level of the fattening pigs. The pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil provided by the application does not contain antibiotic components, and the health of a person eating pork is not harmed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous technical effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
For the sake of brevity, only a few numerical ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form ranges not explicitly recited; and any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to form a range not explicitly recited, and similarly any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited. Also, although not explicitly recited, each point or individual numerical value between the endpoints of a range is encompassed within that range. Thus, each point or individual value may, as its lower or upper limit, be combined with any other point or individual value or with other lower or upper limits to form ranges not explicitly recited.
In the description herein, it is noted that, unless otherwise specified, "above" and "below" are inclusive, and the meaning of "a plurality" of "one or more" is two or more.
Pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil
The first aspect of the embodiment of the application provides a pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn, 8-12 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran meal, 28-32 parts of broken rice, 0.02-0.05 part of litsea cubeba essential oil, 3-5 parts of premix,
wherein the premix comprises: VA, VD, VE, VK 3 、VB 2 、VB 6 、VB 12 Biotin, folic acid, D-pantothenic acid, hydrochloric acid, choline chloride, an antibiotic agent, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, and iodine.
According to the embodiment of the application, the litsea cubeba essential oil has a plurality of outstanding antibacterial, antioxidant and antiasthmatic effects, and has a strong bacteriostatic effect on staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, typhoid bacillus and dysentery bacillus. The litsea cubeba essential oil has relaxation effect on normal tracheal smooth muscle and smooth muscle contraction caused by acetylcholine or histamine.
The pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil can improve the growth performance and the physiological and biochemical conditions of blood of the fattening pigs, can obviously improve the antioxidation level of the organism of the fattening pigs, does not contain antibiotic components, and does not harm the health of people eating pork.
Based on 100 parts by weight of the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed, the content of the litsea cubeba essential oil is 0.02-0.05 part, and the effect of the litsea cubeba essential oil is not obvious when the content is less than 0.02 part by weight; when the amount is more than 0.05 part by weight, the effect of improving the growth performance, physiological and biochemical conditions of blood, etc. of the finishing pig is reduced, and the cost is increased.
In the examples herein, the corn is 25 to 35 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight, for example 25 parts, 26 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts or 30 parts by weight of corn. The weight portion of the corn can also be any combination range of the above numerical values.
In the examples of the present application, the rice bran is 8 to 12 parts by weight, for example, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts or 12 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rice bran. The rice bran may be present in any combination of the above amounts.
In the examples of the present application, the soybean meal is 10 to 15 parts by weight, for example, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts or 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight. The weight parts of the soybean meal can also be any combination range of the above numerical values.
In the examples of the present application, the rice bran meal is 15 to 20 parts by weight, for example, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts or 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rice bran meal. The weight parts of the rice bran meal can also be in any combination range of the numerical values.
In the examples of the present application, the broken rice is 28 to 32 parts by weight, for example, 28 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, 31 parts or 32 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight. The weight parts of the broken rice can also be any combination range of the numerical values.
In the examples of the present application, the premix is 3 to 5 parts by weight, for example, 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight. The weight parts of the premix can also be in any combination range of the above numerical values.
According to the embodiment of the application, the premix increases the nutritional ingredients of the feed, and the trace elements in the premix can promote the metabolism of the organism, promote the growth and improve the weight gain rate. For example, vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in feed.
The feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil for feeding the fattening pigs can improve the growth performance, the physiological and biochemical conditions of blood and the immunity level of the fattening pigs, and can obviously improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of the fattening pigs on various nutrients and the oxidation resistance level of organisms. The litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed does not contain antibiotic ingredients, and the health of a person eating pork is not harmed.
In the embodiment of the application, the pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27-30 parts of corn, 8-10 parts of rice bran, 12-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-18 parts of rice bran meal, 30-32 parts of broken rice, 0.05-0.06 part of litsea cubeba essential oil and 3-4 parts of premix.
In the application example, the pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27.5 parts of corn, 10 parts of rice bran, 12.5 parts of soybean meal, 16 parts of rice bran meal, 30 parts of broken rice, 0.05 part of litsea cubeba essential oil and 3 parts of premix.
The pig feed containing the litsea cubeba essential oil with the content can further improve the growth performance, the physiological and biochemical conditions of blood and the immune level.
In the application embodiment, the litsea cubeba essential oil comprises the following components: citral, limonene, pinene, sabinene, myrcene, linalool, geraniol, and caryophyllene.
In some embodiments, citral includes beta-citral and alpha-citral. The citral has the effects of warming spleen and kidney, invigorating stomach and promoting digestion.
Limonene has good effects of relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, inhibiting bacteria, relaxing Oddi sphincter and reducing gallbladder pressure, and can increase pancreas secretion lipase, amylase and elastase.
Geraniol antagonizes bronchospasm caused by histamine, acetylcholine, slow-reacting substance, etc., and has the functions of directly relaxing bronchial smooth muscle and improving lung ventilation function. The asthma relieving effect is quick; for antibacterial and insect repellent; has the functions of improving the lung ventilation function and reducing the airway resistance, improves the body immunologic function, and has the advantages of quick response and small side effect.
In some embodiments, pinene includes alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, wherein the pharmacological actions of alpha-pinene are mainly in the actions of resisting tumors, fungi and allergy, improving ulcers, resisting anxiety drug activity, resisting oxidation, repelling insects and the like; the beta-pinene can effectively inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth of pathogenic fungi, is used for a repellent, a feeding deterrent, a bactericide and an insecticide, has a broad-spectrum antifungal effect, can inhibit the growth of a plurality of fungi, has a strong killing effect on a plurality of pests, is a common grain insecticide and mildew preventive at present, and simultaneously has a repellent activity and a good repelling effect on a plurality of mosquitoes.
In some embodiments, the myrcene is specifically beta-myrcene.
In some embodiments, the caryophyllene is specifically beta-caryophyllene. Beta-caryophyllene has dual activities of resisting cancer and relieving pain, and also has wide biological activities, such as anti-inflammation, relieving pain, neuroprotection, anti-tumor, preventing and treating liver injury, etc., and specifically shows that proinflammatory cytokine formation in the inflammation process is reduced, and protein expression of Akt cyclooxygenase is reduced to generate anti-inflammation effect; the analgesic effect is achieved by exciting CB2 receptor and activating endogenous opiate analgesic system; by exciting CB receptors of central systems such as spinal cord and the like, the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury is relieved, and the nerve protection effect is realized on neurodegenerative diseases; has cytotoxicity to various tumor cells, can inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumors and promote the apoptosis of cancer cells; the liver injury is relieved and the liver is protected from being damaged by lipid through inhibiting the activity of liver HMG-CoA reductase, down regulating TLR4 and RAGE signals and the like.
According to the embodiment of the application, sabinene and linalool can play an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory role, wherein sabinene has a good relieving effect on chronic inflammation.
Preparation method of pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil
The embodiment of the second aspect of the application provides a preparation method of the pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating, mixing and curing corn, rice bran, bean pulp, rice bran pulp and broken rice to obtain a mixture;
(2) adding a premix into the mixture and granulating to obtain a mixture;
(3) adding litsea cubeba essential oil into the mixture to obtain the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed.
The method has simple steps, and the prepared pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil has stable quality and is suitable for large-scale production.
In an embodiment of the application, the preparation method of the litsea cubeba essential oil comprises the following steps:
(1) distilling the pulverized Litsea cubeba raw material with steam, and collecting volatile oil;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent into the volatile oil, standing for layering, and carrying out suction filtration on the supernatant to obtain a filtrate, namely the litsea cubeba essential oil.
In some embodiments, the steam distillation time is 5 to 8 hours. For example, the distillation time is 5h, 6h, 7h or 8 h. The distillation time can also range between any combination of the above values.
In some embodiments, the addition amount of the dehydrating agent is 0.5-1% of the mass of the litsea cubeba raw material. For example, the amount of the dehydrating agent added is 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, or 1.0% of the mass of the litsea cubeba raw material.
In some embodiments, the litsea cubeba essential oil is prepared by the following method:
weighing 500kg of crushed litsea cubeba raw materials, putting the crushed litsea cubeba raw materials into a self-made oil steaming tank, directly carrying out steam distillation for 5-8 hours, collecting crude oil, adding 0.5-1% of dehydrating agent, stirring for 30 minutes, standing for layering, and carrying out suction filtration on the upper layer to obtain 15-25 kg of filtrate of essential oil.
In the examples of the present application, the raw material of litsea cubeba is dried ripe fruit of litsea cubeba.
In some embodiments, the yield of the litsea cubeba essential oil is 3-5%, for example the yield of the litsea cubeba essential oil is 3%, 4% or 5%. The yield of the litsea cubeba essential oil can be within any combination range of the numerical values.
Examples and comparative examples
The present disclosure is more particularly described in the following examples that are intended as illustrative only, since various modifications and changes within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are on a weight basis, all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further treatment, and the equipment used in the examples is commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
The test adopts a single-factor random test design, 120 fattening pigs of the same breed with good health condition and similar weight are selected and divided into 2 examples and 3 comparative examples (6 in each example and 4 pigs in each example), the test is pre-fed for 7 days, and the test is formally carried out for 35 days. The test groups are detailed in table 1 below.
Table 1 experimental design and grouping
Group of Type of ration
Comparative example 1 Basal diet
Comparative example 2 Basic ration +75g/t aureomycin (15%) premix
Example 1 Basic ration +250g/t litsea cubeba essential oil
Example 2 Basic ration +500g/t litsea cubeba essential oil
Comparative example 3 Basic ration +1000g/t litsea cubeba essential oil
The basic ration is different from the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed provided by the application only in that the litsea cubeba essential oil is not contained, and the specific composition and the nutritional level are shown in table 2.
Table 2 basal ration composition and nutritional level (dry matter basis,%)
Figure BDA0003624419140000071
Note: 1) the premix is provided for each kilogram of daily ration: VA, 325 IU; VD, 37.5 IU; VE, 2.75 IU; VK 3 ，0.013mg；VB 2 ，0.63mg；VB 6 ，0.25mg；VB 12 2.5 mg; biotin, 0.013 mg; folic acid, 0.08 mg; 2.00mg of D-pantothenic acid; hydrochloric acid, 2.5 mg; choline chloride, 0.08 mg; antioxidant, 12.50 mg; iron (FeSO) 4 ·H 2 O), 12.50 mg; copper (CuSO) 4 ·H 2 O), 0.88 mg; zinc (ZnO), 15.00 mg; manganese (MnSO) 4 ·H 2 O), 0.50 mg; selenium (Na) 2 SeO 3 ) 0.04 mg; iodine (KI), 0.04 mg. 2) The digestion energy was calculated.
Feeding management
The test pigs of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were fed with the types of diets shown in table 1, and the other test conditions and treatment methods were the same. The method comprises the following specific steps: after the colony house is disinfected, the pigs are transferred to the test pigs, the pigs are repeatedly closed in groups, and the same repeated pig is closed in the same colony. The pigs are fed for 2 times (08: 00 and 16: 00) every day, so that the pigs are guaranteed to eat and drink water freely in the whole period, and a small amount of excess feed is reserved in a trough after the test pigs are full. The condition of the pigs is observed every day, the suitable growing environment of the pigs is guaranteed, excrement is cleared every day to keep the colony house clean, and the pigs are disinfected every 1 week.
Sample collection and processing
(1) Serum sample
And (3) weighing the test pigs on an empty stomach after the test is finished, repeatedly selecting 1 test pig close to the average weight of the test pigs to take 20ml of blood from the anterior vena cava, placing the test pigs in a common centrifuge tube, placing the test pigs at room temperature for 30min, centrifuging the test pigs at 3500r/min for 10min, separating serum, subpackaging the separated test pigs by using 1.5ml centrifuge tubes, and storing the serum to be tested at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ for routine physiological, biochemical, antioxidant and immune indexes.
(2) Feed and fecal sample
At the end of the test, 500g of each treated feed sample was collected using disposable sterile gloves, while fresh, clean fecal samples were randomly collected in each repetition, each repetition collected about 1kg, split-filled and stored for later testing.
Index and method of measurement
(1) Growth performance
The pigs were weighed on an empty stomach in replicates at the beginning and end of the trial, respectively, daily feed intake was recorded for each replicate trial during the trial period, and Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), Average Daily Gain (ADG) and feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) were calculated for the pigs.
(2) Normal physiological and biochemical indexes of serum
The measurement of 11 serum physiological biochemical indicators including level of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea (Urea), blood Glucose (GLU), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TGG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Total Protein (TP), Albumin (albulin), etc. was performed using a full-automatic biochemical analyzer, and the level of Globulin (GLB, Globulin) was calculated.
(3) Serum antioxidant index
The Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH, Glutathione), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Catalase (CAT, Catalase) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum of the test pigs are measured by using a spectrophotometer, an enzyme labeling instrument or other devices.
(4) Serum immune related index
The determination of the immunoglobulin Ig A, Ig G and Ig M level and the complement C3 and C4 level in the blood serum of the test pig is carried out by adopting an enzyme-linked immunoassay method.
(5) Determination of nutrient digestibility
The digestibility of the diet dry matter, energy, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus for each treatment trial was analyzed by the endogenous indicator (acid insoluble ash) method.
(6) Fecal parasite and egg assay
The level of common parasites and eggs such as nematodes, tapeworms, trematodes, coccidia and the like in the pig manure is detected by a floating method, a precipitation method and the like.
Statistical analysis
After the test data are subjected to preliminary treatment by Excel 2007 software, SPSS 19.0 statistical software is adopted to perform one-way ANOVA (one-way ANOVA), if the difference between groups is significant, multiple comparisons are performed by a Duncan method, the significance level is P <0.05, and the significance level is considered to be a trend if the P <0.1 is 0.05. The test results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. In addition, Orthogonal polynomial comparisons (Orthogonal polynomial comparisons) are adopted to analyze the linear and secondary effects of different litsea cubeba essential oil levels of the daily ration on various indexes of the fattening pig.
Results and analysis
(1) Influence of different litsea cubeba essential oil levels of daily ration on growth performance of fattening pigs
The effect of the different litsea cubeba essential oil levels of the ration on the growth performance of the fattening pigs is shown in the following table 3. As can be seen from table 3: compared with the control treatment and the aureomycin addition treatment of the basic daily ration, the addition of the litsea cubeba essential oil at different levels in the daily ration of the fattening pig has no significant influence on the Average terminal weight (Average final weight), the Average Daily Gain (ADG) and the Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) of the test pig (P > 0.05); however, in numerical view, the average terminal weight and ADG of the test pigs treated by adding 250mg/kg of litsea cubeba essential oil into the daily ration are the highest, and the effect of improving ADFI of the test pigs by adding different levels of litsea cubeba essential oil into the daily ration compared with the control group of the basic daily ration is improved. Meanwhile, the addition of litsea cubeba essential oil with different levels into the daily ration has the tendency of reducing the feed weight ratio of the test pigs (P is 0.065), and the treatment group which adds 250mg/kg of litsea cubeba essential oil into the daily ration obtains the optimal feed weight ratio.
TABLE 3 Effect of different litsea cubeba essential oil levels of the ration on the growth performance of fattening pigs (kg)
Figure BDA0003624419140000101
Note: the data in the same row are marked with different lower case letters to indicate that the difference is significant (P <0.05), otherwise, the difference is not significant, and the table is the same.
(2) Influence of different litsea cubeba essential oil levels of daily ration on physiological and biochemical indexes of serum of fattening pigs
The influence of the level of the litsea cubeba essential oil on the physiological and biochemical indexes of the serum of the fattening pigs due to different daily rations is shown in the following table 4. From table 4 it can be seen that: compared with the control treatment and the aureomycin addition treatment of the basic daily ration, the addition of the litsea cubeba essential oil at different levels to the daily ration of the fattening pigs has no significant influence on the water levels of serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, urea, albumin, high-density lipoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase of the test pigs (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the addition of litsea cubeba essential oil with different levels into the daily ration has the tendency of increasing the total protein level and the globulin level of the serum of the test pig (P is more than 0.05 and less than 0.10), and the change of the tendency and the addition of litsea cubeba essential oil with different levels into the daily ration have obvious linear positive correlation (P is more than 0.05). In addition, the pig serum low density lipoprotein was significantly reduced (P <0.05) in the group treated with 250 and 500mg/kg litsea cubeba essential oil per ration compared to the aureomycin treatment.
(3) Influence of different litsea cubeba essential oil levels of daily ration on antioxidant indexes of fattening pig serum
The effect of the levels of litsea cubeba essential oil in different daily rations on the antioxidant indexes of the serum of the fattening pigs is shown in the following table 5. As can be seen from Table 5: compared with the control treatment and the aureomycin addition treatment of the basic ration, the catalase level in the blood serum of the test pigs treated by adding 500mg/kg litsea cubeba essential oil into the fattening pig ration is obviously improved (P is less than 0.05), and obvious secondary correlation (P is less than 0.05) exists between the catalase level in the blood serum of each treated test pig and the level of the litsea cubeba essential oil of different rations. Meanwhile, the addition of litsea cubeba essential oil into the daily ration at different levels tends to increase the glutathione level of the serum of the test pigs (P is 0.087). In addition, the total oxidation resistance of the pig serum and the average levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde in each treatment room are not significantly influenced (P is more than 0.05).
TABLE 4 influence of the level of essential oil of Litsea cubeba on the physiological and biochemical indicators of serum of fattening pig
Figure BDA0003624419140000111
TABLE 5 influence of the levels of Litsea cubeba essential oil on the serum antioxidant index of fattening pig in daily ration
Figure BDA0003624419140000112
(4) Influence of different litsea cubeba essential oil levels of daily ration on serum immune related indexes of fattening pigs
The influence of the levels of the litsea cubeba essential oil in different daily rations on serum immunity related indexes of the fattening pigs is shown in the following table 6. From table 6, it can be seen that: the levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 of test pig serum have no obvious difference among the treatments (P is more than 0.05), but in the aspect of numerical value, the levels of immunoglobulin of the test pig serum are improved to a certain extent by adding litsea cubeba essential oil with different levels into the daily ration.
TABLE 6 influence of different litsea cubeba essential oil levels of daily ration on serum immunity related indexes of fattening pigs
Figure BDA0003624419140000121
(5) Influence of different litsea cubeba essential oil levels of daily ration on feces parasites and worm eggs of fattening pigs
Detecting common parasites and eggs in the pig manure by adopting a saturated saline floating method, a washing precipitation method and the like, wherein the common parasites and eggs comprise nematode eggs, coccidian oocysts, tapeworm eggs, tremato eggs, echinococcus eggs and the like, the results of all excrement treatment samples are negative, and the parasites or the worm eggs and the like are not detected.
In conclusion, the litsea cubeba essential oil with a certain level is added into the daily ration of the fattening pigs, so that the growth performance and the physiological and biochemical conditions of blood of the test pigs can be improved, the anti-oxidation level of organisms of the test pigs can be improved, the potential of replacing antibiotics (aureomycin) is shown, and the addition of 250mg/kg of litsea cubeba essential oil into the daily ration is suitable.
While the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present application, and particularly, features described in connection with the embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed herein, but rather to cover all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn, 8-12 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran meal, 28-32 parts of broken rice, 0.02-0.05 part of litsea cubeba essential oil and 3-5 parts of premix,
wherein the premix comprises: VA, VD, VE, VK 3 、VB 2 、VB 6 、VB 12 Biotin, folic acid, D-pantothenic acid, hydrochloric acid, choline chloride, an antibiotic agent, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, and iodine.
2. The litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27-30 parts of corn, 8-10 parts of rice bran, 12-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-18 parts of rice bran meal, 30-32 parts of broken rice, 0.05-0.06 part of litsea cubeba essential oil and 3-4 parts of premix.
3. The litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 27.5 parts of corn, 10 parts of rice bran, 12.5 parts of soybean meal, 16 parts of rice bran meal, 30 parts of broken rice, 0.05 part of litsea cubeba essential oil and 3 parts of premix.
4. The litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the litsea cubeba essential oil comprises the following components: citral, limonene, pinene, sabinene, myrcene, linalool, geraniol, and caryophyllene.
5. The litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 4, characterized in that the mass percentage of the citral in the litsea cubeba essential oil is 45-50%.
6. The preparation method of the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating, mixing and curing corn, rice bran, bean pulp, rice bran pulp and broken rice to obtain a mixture;
(2) adding a premix into the mixture and granulating to obtain a mixture;
(3) adding litsea cubeba essential oil into the mixture to obtain the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed.
7. The preparation method of the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 6, characterized in that the preparation method of the litsea cubeba essential oil comprises the following steps:
(1) distilling the crushed litsea cubeba raw material by steam, and collecting volatile oil;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent into the volatile oil, standing for layering, and filtering the upper layer liquid to obtain a filtrate which is the litsea cubeba essential oil.
8. The preparation method of the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 7, characterized in that the distillation time is 5-8 h.
9. The preparation method of the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 7, characterized in that the addition amount of the dehydrating agent accounts for 0.5-1% of the mass of the litsea cubeba raw material.
10. The preparation method of the litsea cubeba essential oil-containing pig feed according to claim 7, wherein the yield of the litsea cubeba essential oil is 3-5%.
CN202210473970.8A 2022-04-29 2022-04-29 Pig feed containing litsea cubeba essential oil and preparation method thereof Pending CN114788550A (en)

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