CN113826768A - Low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch and a preparation method thereof, wherein the low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch comprises corn, soybean meal, vitamin premix, microelement premix and compound plant essential oil; the compound plant essential oil comprises coconut oil, and also comprises at least two of oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, anise essential oil or mint leaf essential oil. The pig batch related by the invention can reduce the copper intake of pigs, further avoid the pollution of the excretion of excessive intake copper to the environment, simultaneously improve the diarrhea resistance of the pigs, enhance the organism immunity of the pigs and further promote the healthy and rapid growth of piglets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, relates to a pig batch and a preparation method thereof, particularly relates to a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a low-copper diarrhea-resistant piglet batch and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Because the digestive tract of the piglet is not completely developed, the immune system is not completely developed, the immunity is low, and diarrhea is easily found, so that the piglet grows slowly, and the breeding benefit is influenced.
Copper is one of the essential trace elements of animal body, and has irreplaceable effects in the aspects of hematopoiesis, metabolism, growth and reproduction, production performance maintenance, body resistance enhancement and the like of the animal body. The pig copper requirement is 4-6mg/kg of feed, and the copper content in the corn-soybean meal type basic feed can basically meet the pig copper requirement. However, since the growth performance of pigs can be obviously improved by adding 10 times of copper which is normally required in the feed, high-dose copper (>125mg/kg) is used as an efficient and cheap growth-promoting additive in large quantities in the pig breeding industry, which plays an important role in improving the production benefit of pig raising. In addition, because of the function of preventing diarrhea, the high-dose copper sulfate can also be used as an efficient and cheap antibiotic substitute additive to be applied to piglet feed.
CN106387413A discloses a wild boar feed for a piglet stage, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-68 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 13-24 parts of bran, 8-12 parts of a premix, 5-8 parts of domestic fish meal, 4-9 parts of yeast powder, 5-7 parts of bone meal, 8-12 parts of stone powder, 12-16 parts of calcium hydroxide and 3-4 parts of salt, wherein the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, biotin, nicotinic acid tablets, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide and sodium selenite.
CN102090521A discloses a pig feed containing multiple trace elements, which is prepared by crushing corn and sorghum, mixing and adding various pig feeds such as wheat bran, sorghum bran, bran coat, bean pulp and the like, and then adding trace elements such as selenium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and calcium, wherein carriers of the trace elements are nontoxic and harmless, are suitable for eating and are trace element compounds beneficial to absorption. The pig feed has the advantages that the pork contains various microelements, and the contents of the microelements are all higher than those of normal pork, so that the pig feed has a supplementing effect on human bodies after being eaten by people.
However, the pig needs low amount of copper, and after the pig is fed with the high-copper feed, on one hand, copper is easy to gather in the liver, kidney and meat of the pig, and after people eat pork containing copper, the copper is easy to gather in the body, and the excessive copper can harm the health of the human body; on the other hand, a large amount of unabsorbed copper is discharged along with excrement and is continuously accumulated in soil, so that the soil is polluted, and the plants are poisoned, so that the environment is increasingly worsened.
Therefore, the development of a low-copper diarrhea-resistant piglet batch is urgently needed, which can reduce the intake of copper by piglets, avoid the pollution of the excretion of copper to the environment, and improve the diarrhea resistance of piglets, thereby promoting the healthy and rapid growth of piglets.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pig batch and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch and a preparation method thereof, and especially provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant piglet batch and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which comprises corn, bean pulp, a vitamin premix, a trace element premix and compound plant essential oil;
the compound plant essential oil comprises coconut oil, and also comprises at least two of oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, anise essential oil or mint leaf essential oil.
The combination of at least two of the essential oils is, for example, the combination of oregano essential oil and lemon essential oil, the combination of garlic essential oil and star anise essential oil, the combination of star anise essential oil and mint leaf essential oil, and the like, and any other combination mode can be selected, so that the details are not repeated.
The pig batch related by the invention can reduce the intake of copper by pigs, further avoid the pollution of the excretion of excessive intake copper to the environment, simultaneously improve the diarrhea resistance of the pigs, enhance the organism immunity of the pigs and further promote the healthy and rapid growth of piglets.
The compound plant essential oil with a specific formula is selected as a green and natural antibiotic substitute, and the compound plant essential oil is matched with other components such as corn, soybean meal, vitamin premix and trace element premix, so that the balance of intestinal microorganisms can be improved, the intestinal barrier function can be guaranteed, the oxidation resistance and the immunity of an organism can be enhanced, and the growth performance and the antiviral ability of the pig can be improved; meanwhile, various effective components in the compound plant essential oil can rapidly react with peroxy radicals, and can induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes of organisms or enhance the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, so that the antioxidant effect is synergistically exerted, and the antioxidant capacity of the organisms is enhanced; meanwhile, the compound plant essential oil has special smell and a food calling effect, and can improve the feed intake of piglets; can also enhance the activity of gastrointestinal digestive enzyme, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances and effectively improve the growth performance of animals.
In the invention, the feeding objects of the low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch comprise suckling pigs, piglets, middle pigs or big pigs, and preferably piglets.
The pig batch related by the invention is particularly suitable for piglets which are easy to find diarrhea due to incomplete development of digestive tracts, incomplete development of immune systems and low immunity, so that the piglets grow slowly and the breeding benefit is influenced.
Further preferably, the compound plant essential oil comprises a combination of coconut oil, oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, anise essential oil and mint leaf essential oil.
The compound plant essential oil preferably contains six components of coconut oil, oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, anise essential oil and mint essential oil at the same time, wherein the coconut oil has no volatility, is rich in medium-short chain fatty acid and can be quickly absorbed by piglets; and the six essential oil components have unexpected synergistic effect in the aspects of improving the intestinal microbial balance, ensuring the intestinal barrier function, enhancing the oxidation resistance and the immunity of the organism, enhancing the activity of gastrointestinal digestive enzyme, promoting the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances and effectively improving the growth performance of animals.
Preferably, the low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch comprises, by weight, 50-65 parts of corn, 10-30 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-2 parts of vitamin premix, 0.5-2 parts of trace element premix and 1-5 parts of compound plant essential oil.
The corn can be 50 parts, 52 parts, 53 parts, 55 parts, 56 parts, 58 parts, 60 parts, 62 parts, 63 parts, 64 parts, 65 parts and the like in parts by weight.
The soybean meal can be 10 parts, 12 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 26 parts, 27 parts, 30 parts and the like in parts by weight.
The vitamin premix can be 0.5 part, 0.6 part, 0.8 part, 1.0 part, 1.2 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.7 parts, 1.8 parts, 2.0 parts and the like in parts by weight.
The trace element premix can be 0.5 part, 0.6 part, 0.8 part, 1.0 part, 1.2 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.7 parts, 1.8 parts, 2.0 parts and the like by weight.
The composite plant essential oil can be 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 3.5 parts, 4 parts, 4.5 parts, 5 parts and the like in parts by weight.
Other specific point values within the above numerical ranges can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
Preferably, the composite plant essential oil comprises 30-50 parts by weight of coconut oil, and also comprises the combination of at least two of 10-30 parts by weight of oregano essential oil, 1-10 parts by weight of lemon essential oil, 1-10 parts by weight of garlic essential oil, 1-10 parts by weight of star anise essential oil or 1-10 parts by weight of mint leaf essential oil.
When the raw materials in the compound plant essential oil are matched according to the specific parts by weight, the compound plant essential oil has better and obvious effects on improving the balance of intestinal microorganisms, ensuring the barrier function of intestinal tracts, enhancing the oxidation resistance and the immunity of organisms, enhancing the activity of digestive enzymes of gastrointestinal tracts, promoting the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances and effectively improving the growth performance of animals.
The coconut oil can be 30 parts, 32 parts, 35 parts, 38 parts, 40 parts, 42 parts, 45 parts, 47 parts, 48 parts, 50 parts and the like.
The parts by weight of the oregano essential oil can be 10 parts, 12 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts and the like.
The lemon essential oil can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts and the like in parts by weight.
The garlic essential oil can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts and the like in parts by weight.
The star anise essential oil can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts and the like in parts by weight.
The mint leaf essential oil can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts and the like in parts by weight.
Other specific point values within the above numerical ranges can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
Preferably, the low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch further comprises any one of fish meal, bran, white sugar or calcium supplement or a combination of at least two of the above.
Wherein the fish meal provides high-quality protein, so that the feed intake of pigs can be further improved, and the production performance is improved; the bran can adjust the energy concentration of the batch, and is beneficial to the gastrointestinal peristalsis of the pigs when being fed for a long time, so that the health of the digestive tract is kept; white sugar can further improve the palatability of the batch; the calcium supplement provides calcium element to further improve the growth performance of animals, and can be effectively matched with the compound plant essential oil to have unexpected synergistic effect on the aspect of promoting the growth performance of pigs.
The combination of at least two of the above-mentioned materials, such as fish meal and bran, bran and white sugar, white sugar and calcium supplement, etc., can be selected in any combination manner, and will not be described in detail herein.
Preferably, the low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch further comprises any one or a combination of at least two of 1-5 parts by weight of fish meal, 1-10 parts by weight of bran, 1-5 parts by weight of white sugar or 1-5 parts by weight of calcium supplement.
The weight parts of the fish meal can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts and the like.
The bran can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts and the like in parts by weight.
The white sugar can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts and the like.
The calcium supplement may be present in 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, etc.
Other specific point values within the above numerical ranges can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
Preferably, the calcium supplement comprises any one or a combination of at least two of 10-30 parts by weight of calcium gluconate, 20-40 parts by weight of calcium dihydrogen phosphate or 10-20 parts by weight of calcium citrate.
The calcium gluconate can be 10 parts, 12 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts and the like in parts by weight.
The weight parts of the calcium dihydrogen phosphate can be 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts, 32 parts, 35 parts, 37 parts, 38 parts, 40 parts and the like.
The weight parts of the calcium citrate can be 10 parts, 12 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts and the like.
Other specific point values within the above numerical ranges can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
In the present invention, the vitamin premix includes any one or a combination of at least two of vitamin a, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, folic acid, or niacin.
The combination of at least two of the above components, such as the combination of vitamin a and vitamin D3, the combination of vitamin E and vitamin K, the combination of vitamin B6 and biotin, etc., can be selected in any combination manner, and thus, the details are not repeated here.
As a preferred technical scheme in the present invention, the concentration adding amount of the above components in the batch of the invention is respectively: 2000IU/kg of vitamin A1500-.
Preferably, the trace element premix comprises any one or a combination of at least two of I, Fe, Mn, Se, or Zn. The combination of at least two of the above-mentioned components, such as the combination of I and Fe, the combination of Fe, Mn, Se, etc., can be selected in any other combination manner, and will not be described in detail herein.
The sources of the above trace elements include, but are not limited to, zinc oxide, sodium selenite, manganese sulfate, potassium iodide, ferrous sulfate, etc.
As a preferable technical scheme, the concentration adding amount of each trace element in the batch of the invention is respectively 0.1-0.5mg/kg of I, 50-120mg/kg of Fe, 1-5mg/kg of Mn, 0.1-0.5mg/kg of Se and 60-100mg/kg of Zn.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch according to the first aspect, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
crushing the bean pulp and the corn, mixing the crushed bean pulp and the corn with the vitamin premix and the trace element premix, and performing conditioning treatment; then granulating the quenched and tempered product; and spraying and adsorbing the compound plant essential oil in the particles to obtain the low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch.
Preferably, the thermal refining is performed at 50 to 60 ℃ (e.g., 50 ℃, 52 ℃, 55 ℃, 57 ℃, 58 ℃, 59 ℃, 60 ℃, etc.) for 10 to 30s (e.g., 10s, 12s, 15s, 18s, 20s, 22s, 25s, 28s, 30s, etc.); other specific point values within the above numerical ranges can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
According to the preparation method, the tempering is carried out at a lower temperature, so that the volatilization or inactivation of the subsequently added compound plant essential oil due to high temperature can be avoided; meanwhile, the compound essential oil is firstly granulated and then sprayed and adsorbed in the feed, so that the essential oil is further prevented from being volatilized by high temperature in the granulating process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the pig batch related by the invention can reduce or avoid copper intake of pigs, further avoid pollution of copper excretion to the environment, improve the diarrhea resistance of the pigs, and enhance the organism immunity of the pigs, thereby promoting healthy and rapid growth of piglets.
The compound plant essential oil with a specific formula is selected as a green and natural antibiotic substitute, and the compound plant essential oil is matched with other components such as corn, soybean meal, vitamin premix and trace element premix, so that the balance of intestinal microorganisms can be improved, the intestinal barrier function can be guaranteed, the oxidation resistance and the immunity of an organism can be enhanced, and the growth performance and the antiviral ability of the pig can be improved; meanwhile, various effective components in the compound plant essential oil can rapidly react with peroxy radicals, and can induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes of organisms or enhance the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, so that the antioxidant effect is synergistically exerted, and the antioxidant capacity of the organisms is enhanced; meanwhile, the compound plant essential oil has special smell and a food calling effect, and can improve the feed intake of piglets; can also enhance the activity of gastrointestinal digestive enzyme, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances and effectively improve the growth performance of animals.
According to the preparation method, the tempering is carried out at a lower temperature, so that the volatilization or inactivation of the subsequently added compound plant essential oil due to high temperature can be avoided; meanwhile, the compound essential oil is firstly granulated and then sprayed and adsorbed in the feed, so that the essential oil is further prevented from being volatilized by high temperature in the granulating process.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of corn, 20 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of bran, 3 parts of white sugar, 3 parts of calcium supplement, 1.5 parts of vitamin premix, 1.0 part of trace element premix and 4 parts of compound plant essential oil.
Wherein the calcium supplement comprises, by weight, 20 parts of calcium gluconate, 30 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 15 parts of calcium citrate; the vitamin premix consists of VA 1500IU/kg, VD 200IU/kg, VE 15IU/kg, VK 0.5mg/kg, biotin 0.1mg/kg, choline 0.4g/kg, folic acid 0.3mg/kg, nicotinic acid 40mg/kg, pantothenic acid 10mg/kg, riboflavin 3mg/kg, vitamin B13 mg/kg, VB 64 mg/kg and VB 1215 mu g/kg in concentration in the batch; the microelement premix comprises 50 parts of zinc oxide, 0.2 part of sodium selenite, 1.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.4 part of potassium iodide and 60 parts of ferrous sulfate; the compound plant essential oil comprises, by weight, 20 parts of oregano essential oil, 5 parts of lemon essential oil, 5 parts of garlic essential oil, 8 parts of anise essential oil, 3 parts of mint leaf essential oil and 40 parts of coconut oil.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
pulverizing soybean meal, corn and bran, mixing with fish meal, white sugar, calcium supplement, vitamin premix and microelement premix, and performing thermal refining at 55 deg.C for 20 s; then granulating the quenched and tempered product (the average grain diameter is 3.0 mm); and spraying and adsorbing the compound plant essential oil in the particles to obtain the low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn, 30 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of fish meal, 10 parts of bran, 5 parts of white sugar, 5 parts of calcium supplement, 0.5 part of vitamin premix, 2 parts of trace element premix and 5 parts of compound plant essential oil.
Wherein the calcium supplement consists of 10 parts by weight of calcium gluconate, 40 parts by weight of monocalcium phosphate and 10 parts by weight of calcium citrate; the vitamin premix consists of VA 2000IU/kg, VD 150IU/kg, VE 10IU/kg, VK 0.8mg/kg, biotin 0.05mg/kg, choline 0.5g/kg, folic acid 0.1mg/kg, nicotinic acid 50mg/kg, pantothenic acid 5mg/kg, riboflavin 5mg/kg, vitamin B11 mg/kg, VB 65 mg/kg and VB 1210 mu g/kg; the microelement premix comprises 60 parts of zinc oxide, 0.15 part of sodium selenite, 1.0 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2 part of potassium iodide and 50 parts of ferrous sulfate; the compound plant essential oil comprises, by weight, 10 parts of oregano essential oil, 10 parts of lemon essential oil, 8 parts of garlic essential oil, 3 parts of anise essential oil, 8 parts of mint leaf essential oil and 30 parts of coconut oil.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
pulverizing soybean meal, corn and bran, mixing with fish meal, white sugar, calcium supplement, vitamin premix and microelement premix, and performing thermal refining at 50 deg.C for 30 s; then granulating the quenched and tempered product (the average grain diameter is 3.5 mm); and spraying and adsorbing the compound plant essential oil in the particles to obtain the low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of corn, 10 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of bran, 2 parts of white sugar, 2 parts of calcium supplement, 2 parts of vitamin premix, 0.5 part of trace element premix and 3 parts of compound plant essential oil.
Wherein the calcium supplement consists of 30 parts by weight of calcium gluconate, 20 parts by weight of monocalcium phosphate and 20 parts by weight of calcium citrate; the vitamin premix consists of VA 2000IU/kg, VD 250IU/kg, VE 15IU/kg, VK 0.3mg/kg, biotin 0.1mg/kg, choline 0.3g/kg, folic acid 0.5mg/kg, nicotinic acid 30mg/kg, pantothenic acid 15mg/kg, riboflavin 2mg/kg, vitamin B15 mg/kg, VB 61 mg/kg and VB 1220 mu g/kg; the microelement premix comprises 45 parts of zinc oxide, 0.1 part of sodium selenite, 0.8 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1 part of potassium iodide and 40 parts of ferrous sulfate; the compound plant essential oil comprises, by weight, 30 parts of oregano essential oil, 1 part of lemon essential oil, 10 parts of garlic essential oil, 10 parts of anise essential oil, 1 part of mint leaf essential oil and 50 parts of coconut oil.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
pulverizing soybean meal, corn and bran, mixing with fish meal, white sugar, calcium supplement, vitamin premix and microelement premix, and performing thermal refining at 60 deg.C for 15 s; then granulating the quenched and tempered product (the average grain diameter is 3.2 mm); and spraying and adsorbing the compound plant essential oil in the particles to obtain the low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of corn, 20 parts of bean pulp, 1.5 parts of vitamin premix, 1.0 part of microelement premix and 4 parts of compound plant essential oil. Wherein the specific formulas of the vitamin premix, the trace element premix and the compound plant essential oil are consistent with those in example 1. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
crushing soybean meal and corn, mixing with vitamin premix and trace element premix, and performing thermal refining at 52 ℃ for 20 s; then granulating the quenched and tempered product (the average grain diameter is 3.0 mm); and spraying and adsorbing the compound plant essential oil in the particles to obtain the low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch.
Example 5
This example provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which is different from example 1 only in the formula of the composite plant essential oil, and the composite plant essential oil in this example does not contain oregano essential oil, and the reduced parts are added to the parts by weight of lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, anise essential oil, peppermint leaf essential oil and coconut oil. All other conditions remained unchanged. The preparation process was identical to example 1.
Example 6
This example provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which is different from example 1 only in the formula of the composite plant essential oil, and the composite plant essential oil in this example does not contain the lemon essential oil, and the reduced parts are added to the parts by weight of oregano essential oil, garlic essential oil, star anise essential oil, peppermint leaf essential oil and coconut oil. All other conditions remained unchanged. The preparation process was identical to example 1.
Example 7
This example provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which is different from example 1 only in the formula of the composite plant essential oil, and the composite plant essential oil in this example does not contain garlic essential oil, and the reduced parts are added to the parts by weight of oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, anise essential oil, peppermint leaf essential oil and coconut oil. All other conditions remained unchanged. The preparation process was identical to example 1.
Example 8
This example provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which is different from example 1 only in the formula of the composite plant essential oil, the composite plant essential oil in this example does not contain anise essential oil, and the reduced parts are added to the parts by weight of oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, peppermint leaf essential oil and coconut oil. All other conditions remained unchanged. The preparation process was identical to example 1.
Example 9
This example provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which is different from example 1 only in the formula of the composite plant essential oil, and the composite plant essential oil in this example does not contain mint leaf essential oil, and the reduced parts are added to parts by weight of oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, anise essential oil and coconut oil. All other conditions remained unchanged. The preparation process was identical to example 1.
Example 10
This example provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which is different from example 1 only in the formula of the composite plant essential oil, and the composite plant essential oil in this example does not contain coconut oil, and the reduced parts are added to the parts by weight of oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, anise essential oil and mint leaf essential oil. All other conditions remained unchanged. The preparation process was identical to example 1.
Examples 11 to 16
This example provides a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch, which is prepared according to the formula that is different from that of example 1 only in that the compound plant essential oil is replaced by the same amount of single oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, star anise essential oil, mint leaf essential oil and coconut oil. All other conditions remained unchanged. The preparation process was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 1
The present comparative example provides a pig batch, the formulation of which differs from example 1 only in the absence of the complex plant essential oil component, all other conditions remaining unchanged. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
pulverizing soybean meal, corn and bran, mixing with fish meal, white sugar, calcium supplement, vitamin premix and microelement premix, and performing thermal refining at 55 deg.C for 20 s; and then granulating the quenched and tempered product (the average grain diameter is 3.0mm) to obtain the modified and tempered product.
Test example
The pig batch products obtained in examples 1 to 16 and comparative example 1 were evaluated as follows, while a commercially available piglet batch (piglet mixed feed, ao nong, Guangzhou, Oenon Biotech Co., Ltd., 852) was used as a control.
The test operation method comprises the following steps: 540 healthy ternary piglets (with the same weight of 10.2kg) are selected and randomly divided into 18 groups, each group has 3 repetitions, and each repetition has 10 repetitions. The experimental period comprises a pre-feeding period (namely a transition period, in a specific mode, a test material and an original compound material are mixed according to a ratio of 1:2 for feeding the piglets after 1-3 days, a test material and an original compound material are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1 for feeding the piglets after 4-5 days, and a test material and an original compound material are mixed according to a ratio of 2:1 for feeding the piglets after 6-7 days) for 7 days and a formal testing period for 14 days, and different pig compound materials are used for feeding the three-element piglets, and after 14 days, production performance evaluation, intestinal bacteria evaluation and small intestine length and weight evaluation are carried out.
(1) Evaluation of production Properties
The operation method comprises the following steps: piglets were weighed on an empty stomach on day 14 of the trial and the Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), feed to weight ratio (F/G) and diarrhea rate were calculated and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Average daily food intake (g) | Average daily gain (g) | Material to weight ratio | Diarrhea Rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 1186 | 596 | 1.99 | 0 |
| Example 2 | 1168 | 590 | 1.98 | 0 |
| Example 3 | 1176 | 588 | 2.00 | 3.33 |
| Example 4 | 1158 | 576 | 2.01 | 3.33 |
| Example 5 | 1182 | 586 | 2.02 | 3.33 |
| Example 6 | 1152 | 570 | 2.02 | 6.67 |
| Example 7 | 1165 | 573 | 2.03 | 6.67 |
| Example 8 | 1158 | 575 | 2.01 | 3.33 |
| Example 9 | 1172 | 586 | 2.00 | 3.33 |
| Example 10 | 1168 | 580 | 2.01 | 3.33 |
| Example 11 | 1153 | 562 | 2.05 | 6.77 |
| Example 12 | 1160 | 564 | 2.06 | 6.77 |
| Example 13 | 1148 | 559 | 2.05 | 6.77 |
| Example 14 | 1156 | 562 | 2.06 | 6.77 |
| Example 15 | 1152 | 560 | 2.06 | 6.77 |
| Example 16 | 1158 | 561 | 2.06 | 10.00 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1140 | 540 | 2.11 | 20.00 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1: the pig batch related by the invention can obviously increase the daily feed intake and daily weight gain of piglets; obviously reducing the material weight ratio and the diarrhea rate. And the formula of the composite plant essential oil in the pig batch significantly influences the technical effect of the pig batch in the aspects.
(2) Evaluation of improvement in intestinal microbial balance
The operation method comprises the following steps: after 14 days, the cecum contents of the pigs are slaughtered and accurately weighed and diluted with sterile physiological saline to a final concentration of 10mg/mL bacterial suspension of 100The mother liquor was diluted two-fold. Accurately sucking 0.1mL of bacterial suspension by using a 0.2mL sterile pipette, putting the bacterial suspension into a clean sterilized test tube containing 0.9mL of normal saline, and uniformly mixing the suspension in the test tube to obtain 10-1Diluting the bacterial liquid by times. Another suction tube 10-1Sucking 0.1mL of the test tube, placing the test tube into a test tube containing 0.9mL of physiological saline, and repeating the rest steps to obtain 10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4、10-5、10-6Diluted bacterial liquid. And (3) respectively inoculating 0.01mL of diluent into 3 culture media for carrying out isolated culture on escherichia coli, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium, and detecting each diluent for 3 times. At the same time, physiological saline was added to the sterile plate as a blank. After 24h of culture, the culture dish is taken out, the average number of colonies of the same dilution is calculated, and the total viable count per milliliter is calculated according to the average number of colonies of three times of repeated colonies of the same dilution multiplied by 10 to obtain the total viable count per milliliter. The data were analyzed using JMP10 statistical software and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in Table 2: the pig batch related by the invention can obviously promote the number of beneficial intestinal flora such as bifidobacteria and the number of lactobacillus and can obviously inhibit the number of harmful intestinal flora such as escherichia coli. And the formula of the composite plant essential oil in the pig batch significantly influences the technical effect of the pig batch in the aspects.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to show a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch and a preparation method thereof, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented by the above examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (10)
1. The low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch is characterized by comprising corn, bean pulp, vitamin premix, trace element premix and compound plant essential oil;
the compound plant essential oil comprises coconut oil, and also comprises at least two of oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, anise essential oil or mint leaf essential oil.
2. The low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch according to claim 1, wherein the feeding subject of the low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch comprises suckling pigs, piglets, middle pigs or big pigs, preferably piglets.
3. The low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch of claim 1 wherein the complex vegetable essential oil comprises a combination of coconut oil, oregano essential oil, lemon essential oil, garlic essential oil, anise essential oil and peppermint leaf essential oil.
4. The low-copper diarrhea-resisting pig batch according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the low-copper diarrhea-resisting pig batch comprises 50 to 65 parts by weight of corn, 10 to 30 parts by weight of soybean meal, 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of vitamin premix, 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of trace element premix and 1 to 5 parts by weight of compound plant essential oil;
preferably, the composite plant essential oil comprises 30-50 parts by weight of coconut oil, and also comprises the combination of at least two of 10-30 parts by weight of oregano essential oil, 1-10 parts by weight of lemon essential oil, 1-10 parts by weight of garlic essential oil, 1-10 parts by weight of star anise essential oil or 1-10 parts by weight of mint leaf essential oil.
5. The low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch further comprises any one or a combination of at least two of fish meal, bran, white sugar or calcium supplement;
preferably, the low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch further comprises any one or a combination of at least two of 1-5 parts by weight of fish meal, 1-10 parts by weight of bran, 1-5 parts by weight of white sugar or 1-5 parts by weight of calcium supplement.
6. The low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch according to claim 5, wherein the calcium supplement comprises any one or a combination of at least two of 10 to 30 parts by weight of calcium gluconate, 20 to 40 parts by weight of calcium dihydrogen phosphate or 10 to 20 parts by weight of calcium citrate.
7. The low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch of any one of claims 1-6 wherein the vitamin premix comprises any one of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, folic acid, or niacin, or a combination of at least two of the foregoing.
8. The low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the trace element premix comprises any one or a combination of at least two of I, Fe, Mn, Se or Zn.
9. The method of preparing a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the method of preparation comprises the steps of:
crushing the bean pulp and the corn, mixing the crushed bean pulp and the corn with the vitamin premix and the trace element premix, and performing conditioning treatment; then granulating the quenched and tempered product; and spraying and adsorbing the compound plant essential oil in the particles to obtain the low-copper anti-diarrhea pig batch.
10. The method of preparing a low-copper diarrhea-resistant pig batch according to claim 9, wherein the thermal refining is performed at 50-60 ℃ for 10-30 s.
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