CN114002072A - Fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device and method applying constant fracture water pressure - Google Patents
Fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device and method applying constant fracture water pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114002072A CN114002072A CN202111226471.0A CN202111226471A CN114002072A CN 114002072 A CN114002072 A CN 114002072A CN 202111226471 A CN202111226471 A CN 202111226471A CN 114002072 A CN114002072 A CN 114002072A
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device applying constant fracture water pressure, which belongs to the technical field of rock engineering and comprises a device body, wherein a cavity is arranged in the device body; also provided is a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test method applying constant fracture water pressure, comprising: s1, installing a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device; s2, installing a rock sample; s3, applying initial stress; s4, applying fracture water pressure; s5, stress loading and crack extension observation; s6, draining water and taking out a rock sample; the process of reducing the radial stress and increasing the tangential stress of the surrounding rock during excavation is simulated by horizontally unloading and vertically loading the rock sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock engineering, in particular to a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device and method applying constant fracture water pressure.
Background
The fractured rock mass is a common complex geologic body in the construction and construction process of underground engineering, and the fractured rock mass usually contains fracture water. With the development of underground engineering to deeper underground, the geological environment of fractured rock mass becomes more complex, and often shows the characteristics of high ground stress, high fracture water pressure and the like, the fractured rock mass is easy to expand and communicate with each other under the coupling action of the high ground stress and the high fracture water pressure, so that the strength of the rock mass is weakened and the engineering structure is damaged unstably, and serious engineering geological disasters are easily induced during mining or tunnel excavation in the environment. Particularly, the excavation of tunnels (or roadways, chambers and caverns) in water-rich rock masses can easily induce water inrush disasters. Therefore, the hydraulic coupling problem involved in the deep rock mass engineering geological disaster becomes a key and difficult problem to be solved urgently, the crack expansion and through evolution rule under the hydraulic coupling effect of the fractured rock mass is mastered, and the clear mechanical mechanism of the fracture becomes the key for preventing and treating the sudden water burst disaster. At present, in the development of a fractured rock mass hydraulic coupling test research, the change of the fracture is generally represented by combining numerical values of stress change, strain change, osmotic pressure change and osmotic flow change. The invention patent named as '201610486665.7' discloses a test device and a test method for a single-crack rock mass flow-solid coupling test system, wherein the device consists of a stress loading device, a osmotic pressure servo device and a data acquisition and processing device, and a test piece is loaded by the stress loading device; fluid permeation is carried out through the osmotic pressure servo device, and the data acquisition and processing device is used for carrying out real-time data display, acquisition and recording on the permeated pressure, so that the fracture change of the fractured rock mass under high ground stress and high fracture water pressure is represented.
However, the fracture change mode represented by the numerical values such as osmotic pressure change cannot visually represent the fracture expansion and through evolution rule. The method can be only used for researching the change of the fissures of the general fractured rock mass and cannot represent the change of the fissures of the water-rich rock mass, because when excavation engineering activities are carried out in the water-rich rock mass, the water pressure of the fissures is basically stable and invariable in the process of expanding the fissures of the rock mass, namely the osmotic pressure of the water-rich rock mass is invariable. Therefore, an auxiliary water injection hole communicated with the fracture is drilled in the fractured rock sample, a high-pressure water pipe of a high-pressure water pump device is connected with the auxiliary water injection hole during testing, constant high water pressure is injected into the fracture to simulate the condition that the water pressure of the fracture of the water-rich rock body is constant, and then the expansion process of the fracture is recorded through high-speed shooting, so that the fracture expansion process is more visual. However, in practical tests, it is found that after a fracture enters an unstable expansion stage, the fracture expansion speed is very high, a relatively large fracture space is newly increased in a very short time, and water flow with a constant flow rate cannot timely supplement high-pressure water with an equal volume to the newly increased fracture space, so that the stability of the water pressure in the fracture cannot be met, and the water pressure in the fracture is remarkably reduced, and the stable fracture water pressure is one of the main force sources for inducing a sudden water burst disaster in a tunnel (or a roadway, a chamber and a cavern). In addition, although the volume of the auxiliary water injection hole on the fractured rock sample is small, the mechanical property and the destructive behavior of the fractured rock sample can be influenced when the fractured rock sample is drilled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device and method for applying constant fracture water pressure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device applying constant fracture water pressure, which comprises a device body, wherein a cavity capable of being filled with water is arranged in the device body, a liquid inlet, an air outlet and a water pressure gauge which are communicated with the cavity are arranged on the device body, a base used for placing a rock sample is arranged in the cavity, a single-channel fracture for communicating water in the cavity is arranged on the rock sample, and a force transmission mechanism for pressurizing a non-fracture surface of the rock sample is arranged on the device body.
Preferably the force transfer mechanism comprises a force transfer piston rod arranged on top and on both sides of the device body.
Preferably, a piston sleeve is provided between the force transmitting piston rod and the device body.
Preferably, a sealing ring is arranged between the piston sleeve and the force transmission piston rod.
Preferably, the gas outlet is positioned at the top of the device body, and the liquid inlet is positioned at the bottom of the device body.
Preferably, the device body is provided with an inlet for placing the rock sample into the cavity, and the inlet is detachably provided with an observation window.
Preferably, the observation window comprises a transparent polycarbonate plate and an annular pressing plate, and the annular pressing plate connects the transparent polycarbonate plate to the device body through bolts.
Preferably, an annular sealing gasket is arranged between the transparent polycarbonate plate and the device body.
The method for testing the hydraulic coupling of the fractured rock applying the constant fracture water pressure comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device, and placing the device body on an experiment platform of a biaxial rock mechanical test machine;
s2, installing a rock sample, and placing the rock sample on the base;
s3, applying initial stress, and controlling a horizontal loading shaft and a vertical loading shaft of the biaxial rock mechanics testing machine to apply set initial stress to the top surface and the side surface of the non-crack surface of the rock sample through the force transmission mechanism;
s4, applying fracture water pressure, opening the air outlet, injecting water into the cavity through the liquid inlet, and closing the air outlet after water overflows from the air outlet; continuously injecting water through the liquid inlet until reaching the set water pressure of the test scheme, and closing the liquid inlet;
s5, stress loading and crack extension observation, wherein according to a stress loading path set by a test scheme, a vertical loading shaft and a horizontal loading shaft of the biaxial rock mechanics testing machine are controlled, horizontal unloading and vertical loading are carried out on the rock sample, the processes of reducing the radial stress of surrounding rocks and increasing the tangential stress caused by excavation are simulated, and the crack extension process of the rock sample is observed and recorded in real time; when the rock sample is integrally damaged, stopping loading immediately, and returning a horizontal loading shaft and a vertical loading shaft of the biaxial rock mechanical testing machine;
and S6, draining water and taking out a rock sample.
Preferably, step S0 is further included before step S1: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a rock sample, processing the rock into a cuboid sample, and then processing a single-channel crack penetrating through the front surface and the back surface of the cuboid sample on the cuboid sample, wherein the cross section of the single-channel crack is an inclined crack with a certain included angle with the bottom surface of the cuboid sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. after the cavity in the device body is filled with water, the water can surround the rock sample, and a single-channel crack on the rock sample is communicated with the water in the cavity all the time, so that no matter how the single-channel crack expands, the water is filled with the crack all the time, the problem that the water cannot follow the crack expanding speed is avoided, and then the water pressure of the crack in the crack is always the same as the water pressure in the cavity; meanwhile, as the volume of the cavity is unchanged and the water amount in the cavity is unchanged, the water pressure in the cavity is constant, and then the fracture water pressure in the fracture is also constant, so that the fracture water pressure in the water-rich rock mass is always constant, then the high ground stress environment is simulated under the loading of a force transmission mechanism on the device body, the real fracture expansion conditions of the deep water-rich rock mass under the high ground stress and constant fracture water pressure are met, then the fracture expansion and through evolution rule under the hydraulic coupling action of the fracture rock mass can be mastered by observing and analyzing the expansion process of the fracture rock mass, the mechanical mechanism of the fracture can be determined, and theoretical guidance is provided for the prevention and treatment of the water inrush disaster.
2. The force transmission mechanism comprises force transmission piston rods arranged at the top and two sides of the device body, the top force transmission piston rods can be used for pressurizing from the top surface of a rock sample, tangential stress received by tunnel surrounding rocks is simulated, the force transmission piston rods arranged at the two sides can be used for pressurizing from the two sides of the rock sample, and therefore radial stress received by the tunnel surrounding rocks is simulated, and when water inrush of a tunnel is simulated really, changes of internal fracture stress of a water-rich rock mass are more closely.
3. The gas vent is located the top of device body, and the inlet is located the bottom of device body, and water gets into the cavity after, can follow the bottom of cavity to the gas vent extrusion at top with the air, can be better with the air exhaust in the cavity, avoid the air to remain in the cavity.
4. In the method for applying the constant fracture water pressure to the fractured rock hydraulic coupling test, the loading force of a horizontal loading shaft is reduced by increasing the loading force of a vertical loading shaft of a double-shaft rock mechanical testing machine, so that the processes of reducing the radial stress and increasing the tangential stress of surrounding rocks caused by excavation can be simulated, and the method is closer to the change of the stress of fractured rocks caused by disturbance to the surrounding rocks in the real tunnel excavation process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view I of a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view II of the fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view III of a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an annular platen;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a transparent polycarbonate plate.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a device body; 2. a cavity; 3. a rock sample; 4. single crack; 5. a liquid inlet; 6. a water inlet and outlet valve; 7. an exhaust port; 8. an exhaust valve; 9. a water pressure gauge; 10. a base; 11. a left force transfer piston rod; 12. an up-transmission piston rod; 13. a right force transfer piston rod; 14. a left piston cylinder; 15. an upper piston cylinder; 16. a right piston cylinder; 17. a seal ring; 18. placing in an inlet; 19. a transparent polycarbonate sheet; 20. an annular pressure plate; 21. a bolt; 22. bolt holes; 23. a threaded hole; 24. an annular seal.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment provides an apply invariable hydraulic fracture rock hydraulic coupling test device of fracture, as shown in fig. 1-7, including device body 1, the inside cavity 2 that can pour into water that is equipped with of device body 1, is equipped with inlet 5, gas vent 7 and the water pressure gauge 9 that communicates with cavity 2 on the device body 1, is equipped with business turn over water valve 6 on the inlet 5, is equipped with exhaust valve 8 on the gas vent 7. The bottom of cavity 2 is equipped with the base 10 that is used for laying rock sample 3, sets up one crack 4 that runs through rock sample 3 on the rock sample 3 in advance, and cavity 2 is inside to be filled with water after, water can link up rock sample 3 through this crack 4. The device body 1 is also provided with a force transmission mechanism for pressurizing the non-crack surface of the rock sample 3. In the experiment, the force transmission mechanism pressurizes the non-crack surface of the rock sample 3, so that the high ground stress environment of the fractured rock mass is simulated. The cavity 2 is filled with high-pressure water, the static high-pressure water penetrates through the crack 4, constant crack water pressure is provided for the rock sample 3, meanwhile, in the change process of the crack 4, the volume of the cavity 2 is unchanged, so that the water pressure of the high-pressure water in the cavity 2 is invariable, the rock sample 3 is soaked in the water all the time, the crack 4 is communicated with the water in the cavity 2 all the time, and therefore, no matter how the crack 4 changes, the crack 4 is filled with the water in the cavity 2 all the time, namely, the water pressure of the high-pressure water in the cavity 2 is the same all the time, and the condition that the water pressure of the internal crack is constant all the time when the water-rich rock body crack expands is simulated. And then by observing and recording the expansion process of the fracture 4 by using a high-speed camera, the fracture expansion and through evolution law of the water-rich rock under the high ground stress and constant high fracture water pressure coupling action can be intuitively known, and the mechanical mechanism of the fracture of the water-rich rock is determined, so that theoretical support is provided for the prevention and treatment of the water inrush disaster. Preferably, when gushing water takes place for more truly simulation tunnel or mine excavation, the change of the inside crack of rich water rock mass can carry out preliminary pressurization to rock sample 3 through the power transmission mechanism earlier, then at the pressure of 3 sides of unloading rock sample step by step, strengthen the pressure at 3 tops of rock sample to when simulating tunnel excavation, the tunnel country rock radial stress that leads to reduces and the tangential stress increase process, the change of the crack 4 on the rock sample 3 this moment accords with the change when tunnel gushes water suddenly more.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 5, the force transmission mechanism includes an upper force transmission piston rod 12 disposed on the top of the device body 1, a left force transmission piston rod 11 disposed on the left side of the device body 1, and a right force transmission piston rod 13 disposed on the right side of the device body 1, and each force transmission piston rod is slidably connected to the device body 1. During the experiment, after the device body 1 is placed on a test bed of a double-shaft rock mechanical testing machine, the central axes of the left force transmission piston rod 11 and the right force transmission piston rod 13 are consistent with the central axis of a horizontal loading shaft of the double-shaft rock mechanical testing machine, and the central axis of the upper force transmission piston rod 12 is consistent with the central axis of a vertical loading shaft of the double-shaft rock mechanical testing machine. Then, under the loading of a horizontal loading shaft and a vertical loading shaft of the biaxial rock mechanics testing machine, the upper force transmission piston rod 12 pressurizes the top of the rock sample 3, the left force transmission piston rod 11 pressurizes the left side face of the rock sample 3, and the right force transmission piston rod 13 pressurizes the right side face of the rock sample 3. Preferably, the force application surface of each force transmission piston rod is slightly smaller than the corresponding surface of the rock sample 3 to avoid the collision of the upper force transmission piston rod 12 with the left force transmission piston rod 11 and the right force transmission piston rod 13 during loading.
Further, in order to ensure that the motion tracks of the force transmission piston rods are accurate and prevent water in the cavity 2 from flowing out of the force transmission piston rods, in the embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 5, an upper piston cylinder 15 is integrally formed at the bottom of the device body 1, a left piston cylinder 14 is integrally formed at the left side of the device body 1, a right piston cylinder 16 is integrally formed at the right side of the device body 1, and the ends of the upper piston cylinder 15, the left piston cylinder 14 and the right piston cylinder 16 all need to stretch out of one section of the length of the device body 1 and stretch into one section of the length of the cavity 2. The upper transmission piston rod 12 is connected in the upper piston cylinder 15 in a sliding way and is tightly attached to the upper piston cylinder 15; the left force transmission piston rod 11 is connected in the left piston cylinder 14 in a sliding way and is also tightly attached; the right force transmission piston rod 13 is connected in a sliding way in the right piston cylinder 16 and is also tightly attached. The guiding and sealing functions of the force transmission piston rods are realized through the upper piston cylinder 15, the left piston cylinder 14 and the right piston cylinder 16.
In order to further improve the sealing performance between each piston cylinder and the force transmission piston rod, in this embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 5, annular grooves are formed in the upper piston cylinder 15, the left piston cylinder 14, and the right piston cylinder 16, then a sealing ring 17 is installed in the annular grooves, the sealing ring 17 is made of a material with certain elasticity, preferably a rubber ring, and after the upper force transmission piston rod 12, the left force transmission piston rod 11, and the right force transmission piston rod 13 are installed in the respective piston cylinders, the sealing ring 17 can be attached to each force transmission piston rod better in tightness by virtue of the elasticity of the sealing ring 17.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 5, the gas outlet 7 is located at the top of the device body 1, and the liquid inlet 5 is located at the bottom of the device body 1. After the water is injected, the liquid inlet 5 enables the water to enter from the bottom of the device body 1, and then the air in the cavity 2 can be upwards extruded from the top exhaust port 7 of the device body 1, so that the air in the cavity 2 can be better exhausted, and the air residue is avoided.
In this embodiment, the device body 1 is provided with the placing port 18 for placing the rock sample 3, the placing port 18 is detachably provided with the observation window, and the change conditions of the rock sample 3 and the crack 4 in the cavity 2 can be observed more intuitively through the observation window. Since the introduction port 18 has both the functions of placement and observation, it is preferable that the introduction port 18 is located on the front surface of the apparatus body 1 so that the observation window faces the rock sample 3, and then when the rock sample 3 is placed on the base 10, the one surface provided with the crack 4 faces the observation window.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the observation window includes a transparent polycarbonate plate 19 and an annular pressing plate 20, and the transparent polycarbonate plate 19 and the annular pressing plate 20 have diameters larger than the entrance 18, so that the transparent polycarbonate plate 19 can cover the entrance 18 after installation. The inlet 18 may be square, circular, etc., but preferably the inlet 18 is circular, with the outer diameter of the annular pressure plate 20 being the same as the diameter of the transparent polycarbonate plate 19 and the inner diameter of the annular pressure plate 20 being the same as the diameter of the inlet 18. Transparent polycarbonate board 19 and annular clamp plate 20 all are equipped with a circle of bolt hole 22, and the quantity and the position of bolt hole 22 on the two correspond each other, are equipped with screw hole 23 on putting into the peripheral device body 1 of mouth 18 simultaneously, and the quantity, the position of screw hole 23 and the quantity, the position of bolt hole 22 correspond each other. After the observation window is installed, the transparent polycarbonate plate 19 is firstly attached to the device body 1, the placing opening 18 is sealed, then the transparent polycarbonate plate 19 is pressed by the annular pressing plate 20, finally, the bolt holes 22 in the annular pressing plate 20 and the transparent polycarbonate plate 19 are aligned with the threaded holes 23 in the device body 1, the bolts 21 are installed, and the installation of the observation window is completed.
Further, in this embodiment, the diameter of the transparent polycarbonate plate 19 and the outer diameter of the annular pressure plate 20 are both larger than the sum of the diameter of the input port 18 and 4 times the diameter of the screw hole 23.
Further, in order to prevent the water in the cavity 2 from flowing out of the observation window, in the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 7, an annular seal 24 is provided between the transparent polycarbonate plate 19 and the device body 1, and after the bolt 21 passes through the annular seal 24, the transparent polycarbonate plate 19 tightly presses the annular seal 24 against the device body 1.
The embodiment also provides a method for testing the hydraulic coupling of the fractured rock applying constant fracture water pressure, as shown in fig. 1 to 7, by using the device for testing the hydraulic coupling of the fractured rock applying constant fracture water pressure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device, and placing the device body 1 on an experiment platform of a biaxial rock mechanical test machine;
s2, installing the rock sample 3, and placing the rock sample 3 on the base 10;
s3, applying initial stress, controlling a horizontal loading shaft and a vertical loading shaft of the biaxial rock mechanics testing machine to load, and transmitting the loading force to the top surface of the rock sample 3 and the side surface of the non-crack surface through a force transmission mechanism until the set initial stress is reached;
s4, applying fracture water pressure, opening an exhaust valve 8 on an exhaust port 7, then opening a water inlet and outlet valve 6 on a liquid inlet 5, injecting water into the cavity 2 through a high-pressure water pump and the liquid inlet 5, and rotating the water inlet and outlet valve 6 to close the exhaust port 7 after water overflows from the exhaust port 7; then, water is continuously injected through the liquid inlet 5, and when the indication of the water pressure gauge 9 is stable and the set water pressure of the test scheme is reached, the liquid inlet 5 is closed; the high-pressure water pump is turned off, and the liquid inlet 5 is disconnected with the high-pressure water pump;
s5, stress loading and fracture expansion observation, controlling a vertical loading shaft and a horizontal loading shaft of a biaxial rock mechanics testing machine according to a stress loading path set by a test scheme, horizontally unloading and vertically loading a rock sample 3 to simulate the process of reducing the radial stress and increasing the tangential stress of surrounding rocks caused by excavation, and then observing and recording the fracture expansion process of the rock sample 3 in real time by using a high-speed camera; when the rock sample 3 is integrally damaged, stopping loading immediately, returning a horizontal loading shaft and a vertical loading shaft of the double-shaft rock mechanical testing machine, and stopping the high-speed camera;
and S6, draining water and taking out the rock sample, opening the water inlet and outlet valve 6, slowly discharging the water in the cavity 2, taking out the cracked rock sample 3, and finishing the test.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 7, before the step S1, the method further includes a step S0: and (3) preparing a rock sample, processing the rock into a cuboid sample, and then processing a crack 4 penetrating through the front surface and the back surface of the cuboid sample on the cuboid sample to obtain a rock sample 3. Referring to fig. 1, the cross section of the fracture 4 is an inclined fracture, the inclined fracture forms a certain included angle with the bottom surface of the cuboid sample, and the shape of the fracture 4 is not particularly required, so long as the fracture 4 and two opposite side surfaces of the fracture 4 penetrate through the rock sample 3.
Further, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the fracture 4 may be a 45 ° inclined fracture, that is, the inclined fracture forms an angle of 45 ° with the bottom surface of the rock sample 3, so as to observe the expansion rule of the inclined fracture 4 under different pressures in the vertical and horizontal directions.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a device body, wherein a cavity capable of being filled with water is arranged in the device body, a liquid inlet, an air outlet and a water pressure gauge which are communicated with the cavity are arranged on the device body, a base used for placing a rock sample is arranged in the cavity, a single-channel crack for communicating water in the cavity is arranged on the rock sample, and a force transmission mechanism for pressurizing a non-crack surface of the rock sample is arranged on the device body.
2. The device for testing the hydraulic coupling of fractured rocks under constant fracture water pressure according to claim 1, wherein the force transmission mechanism comprises a force transmission piston rod arranged on the top and two sides of the device body.
3. The device for testing the hydraulic coupling of fractured rocks under constant fracture water pressure of claim 2, wherein a piston sleeve is arranged between the force transmission piston rod and the device body.
4. The device for testing the hydraulic coupling of fractured rocks under constant fracture water pressure according to claim 3, wherein a sealing ring is arranged between the piston sleeve and the force transmission piston rod.
5. The device for testing the hydraulic coupling of fractured rocks under constant fracture water pressure of claim 1, wherein the gas outlet is positioned at the top of the device body and the liquid inlet is positioned at the bottom of the device body.
6. The single-fracture rock hydraulic coupling test device for applying constant fracture hydraulic pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein an entrance for placing the rock sample into the cavity is arranged on the device body, and an observation window is detachably mounted at the entrance.
7. The single-fracture rock hydraulic coupling test device for applying constant fracture hydraulic pressure of claim 6, wherein the observation window comprises a transparent polycarbonate plate and an annular pressure plate, and the annular pressure plate connects the transparent polycarbonate plate to the device body through bolts.
8. The single-fracture rock hydraulic coupling test device for applying constant fracture hydraulic pressure of claim 7, wherein an annular sealing gasket is arranged between the transparent polycarbonate plate and the device body.
9. A method for testing the hydraulic coupling of fractured rocks by applying constant fracture water pressure, which adopts the device for testing the hydraulic coupling of fractured rocks by applying constant fracture water pressure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, installing a fractured rock hydraulic coupling test device, and placing the device body on an experiment platform of a biaxial rock mechanical test machine;
s2, installing a rock sample, and placing the rock sample on the base;
s3, applying initial stress, and controlling a horizontal loading shaft and a vertical loading shaft of the biaxial rock mechanics testing machine to apply set initial stress to the top surface and the side surface of the non-crack surface of the rock sample through the force transmission mechanism;
s4, applying fracture water pressure, opening the air outlet, injecting water into the cavity through the liquid inlet, and closing the air outlet after water overflows from the air outlet; continuously injecting water through the liquid inlet until reaching the set water pressure of the test scheme, and closing the liquid inlet;
s5, stress loading and crack extension observation, wherein according to a stress loading path set by a test scheme, a vertical loading shaft and a horizontal loading shaft of the biaxial rock mechanics testing machine are controlled, horizontal unloading and vertical loading are carried out on the rock sample, the processes of reducing the radial stress of surrounding rocks and increasing the tangential stress caused by excavation are simulated, and the crack extension process of the rock sample is observed and recorded in real time; when the rock sample is integrally damaged, stopping loading immediately, and returning a horizontal loading shaft and a vertical loading shaft of the biaxial rock mechanical testing machine;
and S6, draining water and taking out a rock sample.
10. The method for testing the hydraulic coupling of fractured rocks under the constant fracture water pressure according to claim 9, wherein before the step S1, the method further comprises the step S0: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a rock sample, processing the rock into a cuboid sample, and then processing a single-channel crack penetrating through the front surface and the back surface of the cuboid sample on the cuboid sample, wherein the cross section of the single-channel crack is an inclined crack with an included angle with the bottom surface of the cuboid sample.
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| CN114577699A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-06-03 | 河北工业大学 | Test system and method for simulating fractured rock mass seepage in marine environment |
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