CN114000018A - 6-series aluminum alloy section for automobile bumper and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
6-series aluminum alloy section for automobile bumper and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114000018A CN114000018A CN202111192145.2A CN202111192145A CN114000018A CN 114000018 A CN114000018 A CN 114000018A CN 202111192145 A CN202111192145 A CN 202111192145A CN 114000018 A CN114000018 A CN 114000018A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
- B60R19/26—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means
- B60R19/34—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means destroyed upon impact, e.g. one-shot type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 6-series aluminum alloy section for an automobile bumper and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of smelting, extrusion and forming of wrought aluminum alloy. The weight percentages of the components in the raw materials are as follows: 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Si, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Cr, Zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, V: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, the balance of Al and inevitable other impurities, wherein the single inevitable other impurities are less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total amount is less than or equal to 0.15 percent. The method is characterized in that Mn, Cr and Cu elements and specific Mg are designed by adding trace amounts into the aluminum alloy: the Si proportion is combined with specific procedures of smelting, casting, homogenizing annealing, extruding, online quenching, straightening, artificial aging and the like, so that the material still has the deformation and cracking tendency of an electrode bottom on the premise of ensuring good mechanical properties, and also has good thermal stability. The excellent comprehensive performance of the material makes the material especially suitable for manufacturing the energy absorption box and the beam of the automobile bumper.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wrought aluminum alloy smelting and extrusion molding, in particular to a 6-series aluminum alloy section for an automobile bumper and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Bumpers have been used as important components in automotive crash systems to provide a very important energy absorption function during frontal low-speed collisions. The bumper is generally formed by welding or screwing a beam, an energy absorption box, a connecting plate and a trailer hook. When the front and rear parts of the vehicle body are impacted, the bumper beam disperses force to the energy absorption boxes on the two sides through three-point bending and then transmits the force to the left longitudinal beam and the right longitudinal beam and then to other structures of the vehicle body, so that the loss of vehicle parts and the degree of pedestrian injury during low-speed collision are reduced. The beam and the energy absorption box absorb energy through three-point bending and crumpling deformation behaviors respectively. The energy absorption effect in the deformation process is mainly integrated with two aspects: compressive force and compressive displacement. The compressive force is mainly determined by the structure of the product and the strength of the material, so that a complex multi-cavity structure and a high-strength material are more favored to be designed. Of course, the tendency of the product surface to crack during compression needs to be considered, and if the tendency to crack is too large, the energy cannot be effectively absorbed finally, so that the reduction of the tendency to crack during the deformation of the material is also important.
The extrusion molding can fully exert the plasticity of the processed metal due to the three-dimensional compression stress, thereby manufacturing various complex hollow section members which are applied to bumper beams and energy absorption box parts. Although the existing 6005A aluminum alloy has the advantage of high strength, when the aluminum alloy is used for an automobile energy absorption box, the aluminum alloy has serious collapse, deformation and cracking, and the main reasons are that the mold structure is complex when a multi-cavity structure is extruded, the metal fluidity is poor, and the recrystallization driving force is large; meanwhile, the extrusion speed is limited to a certain extent, and the quenching transfer time is too long. The crystal grains are coarsened due to the growth of recrystallization after being crushed in the process of forming the metal in the die cavity of the extrusion die. Meanwhile, due to the alloy proportion of Si and high Mg, the 6005A aluminum alloy has larger performance attenuation in the long-term thermal stability experiment (the temperature is kept at 150 ℃ for 1000 hours), and the produced product has larger performance attenuation risk in the whole service life cycle.
Therefore, the applicant inherits the abundant experience of design development and actual manufacturing in the related industry for many years, researches and improves the prior traditional alloy and process, and provides a 6-series aluminum alloy section for a beam and an energy absorption box of an automobile bumper and a preparation method thereof, so as to achieve the purpose of higher practical value, namely, the purpose of adding Mn, Cr and Cu elements in a trace amount in the aluminum alloy and designing specific Mg: the Si proportion is combined with specific procedures of smelting, casting, homogenizing annealing, extruding, online quenching, straightening, artificial aging and the like, so that the cracking tendency of the material in the deformation process and the performance attenuation in the thermal stability experiment process are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a 6-series aluminum alloy section for energy absorption of an automobile bumper and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of high cracking tendency in the collision deformation process and severe performance attenuation in the life cycle of an automobile energy absorption product produced by extruding the conventional 6005A aluminum alloy.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the 6-series aluminum alloy section for energy absorption of the automobile bumper comprises the following components in percentage by mass, 0.4-0.6% of Si, 0.6-0.8% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.2% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, 0.4-0.6% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.2% of Cr, and Zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, V: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, the balance of Al and inevitable other impurities, wherein the single inevitable other impurities are less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total amount is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass, 0.54% of Si, 0.65% of Mg, 0.18% of Cu, 0.16% of Fe, 0.51% of Mn, 0.17% of Cr, and Zn: 0.001%, Ti: 0.016%, V: 0.01 percent.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass, 0.56% of Si, 0.72% of Mg, 0.17% of Cu, 0.17% of Fe, 0.51% of Mn, 0.15% of Cr, and Zn: 0.006%, Ti: 0.018%, V: 0.011 percent.
A preparation method of a 6-series aluminum alloy section for energy absorption of an automobile bumper comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting aluminum ingots with the purity of more than or equal to 99.7 percent, magnesium ingots with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent, Al20Si and Al50Cu intermediate alloys and Mn80 percent and Cr75 percent additives as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 740-760 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.6-0.8% of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.2-0.4% of Al50Cu and 2.0-3.0% of Al20Si alloy, and stirring and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid;
the third step: carrying out blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for 20-40 minutes by using a sodium-free refining agent, slagging off and standing for 20-40 minutes;
the fourth step: the aluminum alloy solution enters a degassing tank through a launder to carry out online degassing treatment: the rotating speed of the rotor is 300-400 r/min, and the argon flow is 3-5 cubic meters/h; after degassing, enabling the solution to enter a filter box through a flow groove, and performing online filtration treatment through a 40-60 ppi foamed ceramic filter plate;
the fifth step: semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy ingot at the casting temperature of 690-720 ℃, the casting speed of 70-80 mm/min and the cooling water flow rate of 2500-;
and a sixth step: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 540-560 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 10-12 hours, and then forcibly cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature by water mist;
the seventh step: heating an aluminum alloy cast ingot to 480-500 ℃, selecting a section with an extrusion ratio of 30-50, carrying out extrusion forming at a discharge speed of 8-10 m/min, and cooling to room temperature by adopting online spray water;
eighth step: and heating the aluminum alloy section to 185-205 ℃, aging and preserving heat for 4-6 hours, and air cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for energy absorption of the automobile bumper.
Preferably, the purity of the aluminum ingot is 99.8%, the purity of the magnesium ingot is 99.9%, the melting temperature of the aluminum ingot is 745 ℃, the amount of the added magnesium ingot is 0.66% of the total mass, the amount of the added Al20Si is 2.71% of the total mass, the amount of the added Al50Cu is 0.36% of the total mass, sodium-free refining agent is used for carrying out blowing refining on aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for 30 minutes, the furnace is kept still for 25 minutes after slagging off, the rotating speed of a rotor is 320 r/min, the flow rate of argon is 3 cubic meters/hour, the degassed solution enters a filter box through a launder, online filtration treatment is carried out through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate, the aluminum alloy liquid is semi-continuously cast into an aluminum alloy ingot at the casting temperature of 700 ℃, the casting speed of 75 mm/min and the cooling water flow rate of 2600 ml/min, the aluminum alloy ingot is heated to 540 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 10 hours, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 485 ℃, the extrusion speed is 8 m/min, the extrusion ratio is 37, the aging temperature of the aluminum alloy profile is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
Preferably, the purity of the aluminum ingot is 99.8%, the purity of the magnesium ingot is 99.95%, the melting temperature of the aluminum ingot is 750 ℃, the amount of the added magnesium ingot is 0.73% of the total mass, the amount of the added Al20Si is 2.81% of the total mass, the amount of the added Al50Cu is 0.34% of the total mass, the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace is subjected to blowing refining for 30 minutes by using a sodium-free refining agent, the furnace is kept still for 25 minutes after slagging off, the rotating speed of a rotor is 320 r/min, the flow rate of argon is 3 cubic meters/hour, the degassed solution enters a filter box through a launder, the online filtration treatment is carried out through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate, the aluminum alloy liquid is subjected to semi-continuous casting at the casting temperature of 710 ℃, the casting speed of 75 mm/min and the cooling water flow rate of 3000 ml/min to form an aluminum alloy ingot, the aluminum alloy ingot is heated to 550 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 10 hours, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 490 ℃, the extrusion speed is 8 m/min, the extrusion ratio is 37, the aging temperature of the aluminum alloy profile is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
Preferably, the purity of the aluminum ingot is 99.8%, the purity of the magnesium ingot is 99.95%, the melting temperature of the aluminum ingot is 750 ℃, the amount of the added magnesium ingot is 0.73% of the total mass, the amount of the added Al20Si is 2.81% of the total mass, the amount of the added Al50Cu is 0.34% of the total mass, the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace is subjected to blowing refining for 30 minutes by using a sodium-free refining agent, the furnace is kept still for 25 minutes after slagging off, the rotating speed of a rotor is 320 r/min, the flow rate of argon is 3 cubic meters/hour, the degassed solution enters a filter box through a launder, the online filtration treatment is carried out through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate, the aluminum alloy liquid is subjected to semi-continuous casting at the casting temperature of 710 ℃, the casting speed of 75 mm/min and the cooling water flow rate of 3000 ml/min to form an aluminum alloy ingot, the aluminum alloy ingot is heated to 550 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 10 hours, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 490 ℃, the extrusion speed is 8 m/min, the extrusion ratio is 37, the aging temperature of the aluminum alloy profile is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a 6-series aluminum alloy section for energy absorption of an automobile bumper and a preparation method thereof. The method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a production process of a 6-series aluminum alloy energy-absorbing section for an automobile bumper, which is characterized in that Mn, Cr and Cu elements and specific Mg are added into an aluminum alloy in a trace manner: the Si proportion is combined with specific smelting, casting, homogenizing annealing, extruding, online quenching, straightening and artificial aging treatment processes, so that the surface cracking tendency in the deformation energy absorption process is reduced on the basis of ensuring the strength of the material, and meanwhile, the material also has better thermal stability and meets the comprehensive performance requirements of the automobile bumper on the aluminum alloy section.
(2) The alloy prepared by the invention and the matched production process are simple, and the batch production can be carried out by the traditional casting, extrusion and related heat treatment equipment.
(3) The 6-series aluminum alloy for energy absorption of the automobile bumper provides solidification nucleation particles through strictly controlling a semicontinuous casting process, so that an aluminum alloy ingot is enabled to obtain a grain structure with the size of 100-250 micrometers, and meanwhile, a needle-shaped AlFeSi compound is promoted to be further spheroidized in a homogenizing annealing process through adding a trace amount of Mn, so that the extrusion performance of an aluminum rod is improved to a certain extent.
(4) According to the optional production process of the aluminum profile for the automobile bumper, the proper raw materials are selected and the specific raw material components are matched, and the specific production process parameters are combined, so that the tensile strength of the produced 6005A2-T7 aluminum profile is 280-310 MPa, the yield strength is 240-270 MPa, and the elongation A50 after fracture is 10-14%; cracks at the corners after the collapse deformation can be controlled within 10 mm; the mechanical property of the material is basically not attenuated after the material is treated by heat preservation for 1000 hours at 150 ℃.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an extruded section taken from an inventive aluminum alloy profile and a comparative example;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of the aluminum bar of example 1 after the homogenizing annealing;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic photograph of the aluminum bar after the homogenizing annealing in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic photograph of an aluminum rod after a homogenizing annealing in example 3;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic photograph of an aluminum bar of a comparative sample after uniform annealing;
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal metallographic photograph of an extrusion of example 1;
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal metallographic photograph of an extrusion of example 2;
FIG. 8 is an extruded longitudinal metallographic photograph of example 3;
FIG. 9 is an extruded longitudinal metallographic photograph of a comparative sample;
FIG. 10 is a photograph of a sample 1 of example 1 after crushing;
FIG. 11 is a photograph of a sample 2 of example 1 after crushing;
FIG. 12 is a photograph of a sample 1 of example 2 after crushing;
FIG. 13 is a photograph of a sample 2 of example 2 after crushing;
FIG. 14 is a photograph of a sample 1 of example 3 after crushing;
FIG. 15 is a photograph of a sample 2 of example 3 after crushing;
fig. 16 is a photograph of crush of comparative sample 1;
fig. 17 is a photograph of a comparative sample 2 crushed;
FIG. 18 is sample 1 thermal stability performance decay data;
fig. 19 is sample 2 thermal stability performance decay data.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass, 0.5% of Si, 0.6% of Mg, 0.2% of Cu, 0.2% of Fe, 0.4% of Mn, 0.2% of Cr, and Zn: 0.1%, Ti: 0.3%, V: 0.1 percent of Al and the balance of other inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent individually and less than or equal to 0.15 percent in total.
The manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting aluminum ingots with the purity of 99.7 percent, magnesium ingots with the purity of 99.9 percent, Al20Si and Al50Cu master alloys and Mn80 percent and Cr75 percent additives as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 740 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.6 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.4 percent of Al50Cu and 2.5 percent of Al20Si alloy, and stirring and melting the mixture into aluminum alloy liquid;
the third step: carrying out blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for 20 minutes by using a sodium-free refining agent, slagging off and standing for 20 minutes;
the fourth step: the aluminum alloy solution enters a degassing tank through a launder to carry out online degassing treatment: the rotating speed of the rotor is 300 r/min, and the argon flow is 3 cubic meters/h; after degassing, the solution enters a filter box through a flow groove and is subjected to online filtration treatment through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate;
the fifth step: semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy ingot at the casting temperature of 690 ℃, the casting speed of 70 mm/min and the cooling water flow rate of 2500 ml/min;
and a sixth step: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 540 ℃, homogenizing for 10 hours, and then forcibly cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature by water mist;
the seventh step: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 480 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot into an aluminum alloy section under the conditions of extrusion speed of 8 m/min and extrusion ratio of 37, and then cooling the aluminum alloy section to room temperature by spray water;
eighth step: and heating the aluminum alloy section to 195 ℃, aging for 5 hours, and air cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for the automobile energy absorption box.
Example 2:
the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components in percentage by mass, 0.54% of Si, 0.65% of Mg, 0.18% of Cu, 0.16% of Fe, 0.51% of Mn, 0.17% of Cr, and Zn: 0.001%, Ti: 0.016%, V: 0.01 percent of Al and the balance of other inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent individually and less than or equal to 0.15 percent in total.
The manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting aluminum ingots with the purity of 99.7 percent, magnesium ingots with the purity of 99.95 percent, Al20Si and Al50Cu master alloys and Mn80 percent and Cr75 percent additives as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 745 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.66 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.36 percent of Al50Cu and 2.71 percent of Al20Si alloy, and stirring and melting into an aluminum alloy liquid;
the third step: carrying out blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for 30 minutes by using a sodium-free refining agent, slagging off and standing for 25 minutes;
the fourth step: the aluminum alloy solution enters a degassing tank through a launder to carry out online degassing treatment: the rotating speed of the rotor is 320 r/min, and the argon flow is 3 cubic meters/h; after degassing, the solution enters a filter box through a flow groove and is subjected to online filtration treatment through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate;
the fifth step: carrying out semi-continuous casting on the aluminum alloy liquid at the casting temperature of 710 ℃, the casting speed of 75 mm/min and the cooling water flow rate of 2600 ml/min to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
and a sixth step: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 550 ℃, homogenizing for 10 hours, and then forcibly cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature by water mist;
the seventh step: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 485 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot into an aluminum alloy section under the conditions of extrusion speed of 8 m/min and extrusion ratio of 37, and then cooling the aluminum alloy section to room temperature by spray water;
eighth step: and heating the aluminum alloy section to 200 ℃, aging for 4 hours, and air cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for the automobile energy absorption box.
Example 3:
the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components by mass percent, 0.6% of Si, 0.8% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.18% of Cu, 0.16% of Fe, 0.51% of Mn, 0.17% of Cr, and Zn: 0.001%, Ti: 0.016%, V: 0.011 percent, and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent individually, and the total content of the other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
The manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.7 percent, a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.95 percent, Al20Si and Al50Cu master alloy, Mn80 percent additive and Cr75 percent additive as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 760 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.81 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.36 percent of Al50Cu and 3.0 percent of Al20Si alloy, and stirring and melting the mixture into aluminum alloy liquid;
the third step: carrying out blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for 40 minutes by using a sodium-free refining agent, slagging off and standing for 40 minutes;
the fourth step: the aluminum alloy solution enters a degassing tank through a launder to carry out online degassing treatment: the rotating speed of the rotor is 400 r/min, and the argon flow is 5 cubic meters/h; after degassing, the solution enters a filter box through a flow groove and is subjected to online filtration treatment through a 60ppi foamed ceramic filter plate;
the fifth step: semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy ingot at the casting temperature of 720 ℃, the casting speed of 80 mm/min and the cooling water flow rate of 3200 ml/min;
and a sixth step: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 560 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 12 hours, and then forcibly cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature by water mist;
the seventh step: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 500 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot into an aluminum alloy section under the conditions of extrusion speed of 10 m/min and extrusion ratio of-37, and then cooling the aluminum alloy section to room temperature by spraying water;
eighth step: and heating the aluminum alloy section to 200 ℃, aging for 4 hours, and air cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for the automobile energy absorption box.
Comparative example 1: comparative sample conventional 6005A alloy, produced in the same manner as in example 1
The 6005A alloy comprises, by mass, 0.64% of Si, 0.58% of Mg, 0.015% of Cu, 0.15% of Fe, 0.16% of Mn, 0.013% of Cr, and 0.013% of Zn: 0.01%, Ti: 0.017%, V: 0.007 percent of the total content of the alloy, and the balance of Al and inevitable other impurities, wherein the content of the inevitable other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent individually, and the total content of the inevitable other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
2 samples produced in each of the above examples and comparative examples were tested for yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation; 2 sample pieces (the cross sections are shown in figure 1) are subjected to a crushing test, and the specific crushing test conditions are as follows: performing axial compression on a 100T universal material testing machine; the length of the sample piece is 300mm, the pressing distance is 200mm, and the pressing speed is 20 mm/min.
The following table is a mechanical property table of the sample piece of the above embodiment
In conclusion, the method is characterized in that the Mn, Cr and Cu elements are added into the aluminum alloy in a trace amount, and specific Mg is designed: si proportion, specific process parameters are combined, dynamic recrystallization and grain coarsening in the extrusion process are inhibited, a fibrous deformation structure is obtained along the extrusion direction, and an alpha strengthening phase with better thermal stability is formed after aging heat treatment, so that the deformation cracking tendency and the mechanical property attenuation after a thermal stability experiment are reduced on the basis of ensuring the material strength, and the high requirements of the automobile bumper beam and the energy absorption box on the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy section are met. Finally, the tensile strength of the two-cavity aluminum alloy section produced by the technology is 280-310 MPa, the yield strength is 240-270 MPa, and the elongation A50 after fracture is 10-14%; the length of the cracks at the corners after the collapse deformation can be controlled within 10 mm; the mechanical property of the alloy is basically kept unchanged after heat treatment at 150 ℃ for 1000H.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a 6 are aluminum alloy ex-trusions for car bumper which characterized in that: the aluminum alloy section comprises the following components by mass percent, Si 0.4-0.6%, Mg 0.6-0.8%, Cu less than or equal to 0.2%, Fe less than or equal to 0.2%, Mn 0.4-0.6%, Cr less than or equal to 0.2%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, V: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, the balance of Al and inevitable other impurities, wherein the single inevitable other impurities are less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total amount is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
2. The 6-series aluminum alloy profile for an automobile bumper according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass, 0.54% of Si, 0.65% of Mg, 0.18% of Cu, 0.16% of Fe, 0.51% of Mn, 0.17% of Cr, and Zn: 0.001%, Ti: 0.016%, V: 0.01 percent.
3. The 6-series aluminum alloy profile for an automobile bumper according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass, 0.56% of Si, 0.72% of Mg, 0.17% of Cu, 0.17% of Fe, 0.51% of Mn, 0.15% of Cr, and Zn: 0.006%, Ti: 0.018%, V: 0.011 percent.
4. A method for producing a 6-series aluminum alloy structural material for an automobile bumper according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting aluminum ingots with the purity of more than or equal to 99.7 percent, magnesium ingots with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent, Al20Si and Al50Cu intermediate alloys and Mn80 percent and Cr75 percent additives as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 740-760 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.6-0.8% of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.2-0.4% of Al50Cu and 2.0-3.0% of Al20Si alloy, and stirring and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid;
the third step: carrying out blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for 20-40 minutes by using a sodium-free refining agent, slagging off and standing for 20-40 minutes;
the fourth step: the aluminum alloy solution enters a degassing tank through a launder to carry out online degassing treatment: the rotating speed of the rotor is 300-400 r/min, and the argon flow is 3-5 cubic meters/h; after degassing, enabling the solution to enter a filter box through a flow groove, and performing online filtration treatment through a 40-60 ppi foamed ceramic filter plate;
the fifth step: semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy ingot at the casting temperature of 690-720 ℃, the casting speed of 70-80 mm/min and the cooling water flow rate of 2500-;
and a sixth step: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 540-560 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 10-12 hours, and then forcibly cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature by water mist;
the seventh step: heating an aluminum alloy cast ingot to 480-500 ℃, selecting a section with an extrusion ratio of 30-50, carrying out extrusion forming at a discharge speed of 8-10 m/min, and cooling to room temperature by adopting online spray water;
eighth step: and heating the aluminum alloy section to 185-205 ℃, aging and preserving heat for 4-6 hours, and air cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for the automobile bumper.
5. The method for producing a 6-series aluminum alloy profile for an automobile bumper according to claim 4, wherein: the aluminum ingot has the purity of 99.8 percent, the magnesium ingot has the purity of 99.9 percent, the melting temperature of the aluminum ingot is 745 ℃, the added magnesium ingot accounts for 0.66 percent of the total mass, the added Al20Si accounts for 2.71 percent of the total mass, the added Al50Cu accounts for 0.36 percent of the total mass, sodium-free refining agent is used for carrying out blowing refining on aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for 30 minutes, the furnace is kept still for 25 minutes after slagging off, the rotating speed of a rotor is 320 revolutions per minute, the flow rate of argon is 3 cubic meters per hour, the degassed solution enters a filter box through a launder, the online filtration treatment is carried out through a 40ppi foam ceramic filter plate, the aluminum alloy liquid is semi-continuously cast into an aluminum alloy ingot at the casting temperature of 710 ℃, the casting speed of 75 millimeters per minute and the cooling water flow rate of 2600 milliliters per minute, the aluminum alloy ingot is uniformly treated for 10 hours, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 485 ℃, the extrusion speed is 8 m/min, the extrusion ratio is 37, the aging temperature of the aluminum alloy profile is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
6. The method for producing a 6-series aluminum alloy profile for an automobile bumper according to claim 4, wherein: the aluminum ingot has the purity of 99.8 percent, the magnesium ingot has the purity of 99.95 percent, the melting temperature of the aluminum ingot is 750 ℃, the added magnesium ingot accounts for 0.73 percent of the total mass, the added Al20Si accounts for 2.81 percent of the total mass, the added Al50Cu accounts for 0.34 percent of the total mass, sodium-free refining agent is used for carrying out blowing refining on aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace for 30 minutes, the furnace is kept still for 25 minutes after slagging off, the rotating speed of a rotor is 320 revolutions per minute, the flow rate of argon is 3 cubic meters per hour, the degassed solution enters a filter box through a launder, the online filtration treatment is carried out through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate, the aluminum alloy liquid is semi-continuously cast into an aluminum alloy ingot at the casting temperature of 710 ℃, the casting speed of 75 millimeters per minute and the cooling water flow rate of 3000 milliliters per minute, the aluminum alloy ingot is heated to 550 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 10 hours, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 490 ℃, the extrusion speed is 8 m/min, the extrusion ratio is 37, the aging temperature of the aluminum alloy profile is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
7. The method for producing a 6-series aluminum alloy profile for an automobile bumper according to claim 4, wherein: the aluminum ingot has the purity of 99.8 percent, the magnesium ingot has the purity of 99.95 percent, the melting temperature of the aluminum ingot is 750 ℃, the added magnesium ingot accounts for 0.73 percent of the total mass, the added Al20Si accounts for 2.81 percent of the total mass, the added Al50Cu accounts for 0.34 percent of the total mass, sodium-free refining agent is used for carrying out blowing refining on aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace for 30 minutes, the furnace is kept still for 25 minutes after slagging off, the rotating speed of a rotor is 320 revolutions per minute, the flow rate of argon is 3 cubic meters per hour, the degassed solution enters a filter box through a launder, the online filtration treatment is carried out through a 40ppi foamed ceramic filter plate, the aluminum alloy liquid is semi-continuously cast into an aluminum alloy ingot at the casting temperature of 710 ℃, the casting speed of 75 millimeters per minute and the cooling water flow rate of 3000 milliliters per minute, the aluminum alloy ingot is heated to 550 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 10 hours, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 490 ℃, the extrusion speed is 8 m/min, the extrusion ratio is 37, the aging temperature of the aluminum alloy profile is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
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