CN111041289A - 6005A aluminum alloy for automobile and energy absorption box processing method - Google Patents
6005A aluminum alloy for automobile and energy absorption box processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111041289A CN111041289A CN201911314860.1A CN201911314860A CN111041289A CN 111041289 A CN111041289 A CN 111041289A CN 201911314860 A CN201911314860 A CN 201911314860A CN 111041289 A CN111041289 A CN 111041289A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 6005A aluminum alloy for an automobile and a machining method of an energy absorption box, wherein the 6005A aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.75-0.80%, Fe: 0.15-0.20%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Mn: 0.28-0.30%, Mg: 0.63-0.68%, Cr: 0.06-0.10%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.10 percent and the balance of Al. The processing method of the energy absorption box adopts the aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy weakens the segregation of the excessive Si at the grain boundary, thereby being difficult to cause embrittlement and leading the alloy material not to be easy to crack during crushing. The 6005A aluminum alloy energy-absorbing box prepared by the process meets the requirements that the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 280MPa, the yield strength RP0.2 is more than or equal to 260MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 10 percent, the energy-absorbing box is symmetrical in compression and collapse, uniform in deformation and free of cracking at a fold.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a 6005A aluminum alloy for an automobile and a machining method of an energy absorption box.
Background
The crash box is a vehicle body safety member that absorbs energy transmitted from the impact beam by deformation when a collision accident occurs, and that alleviates impact force. The crash box therefore has to meet the requirements for crush characteristics, energy absorption characteristics and crash stability. The existing energy absorption box product produced by 6005A alloy is crushed and cracked under the conditions that Rm is more than or equal to 280MPa, RP0.2 is more than or equal to 260MPa and A is more than or equal to 10%; after the aging process is adjusted, crushing and cracking still exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the 6005A aluminum alloy for the automobile is suitable for the automobile energy absorption box, and the processing method of the 6005A aluminum alloy energy absorption box for the automobile is capable of meeting the requirements of high strength and excellent deformation of the automobile energy absorption box.
In order to solve the technical problem, the 6005A aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.75-0.80%, Fe: 0.15-0.20%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Mn: 0.28-0.30%, Mg: 0.63-0.68%, Cr: 0.06-0.10%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.10 percent and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the weight percentage of each component is Si: 0.786%, Fe: 0.173%, Cu: 0.012%, Mn: 0.288%, Mg: 0.668%, Cr: 0.076%, Zn: 0.011%, Ti: 0.022 percent and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the weight percentage of each component is Si: 0.792%, Fe: 0.175%, Cu: 0.016%, Mn: 0.290%, Mg: 0.679%, Cr: 0.075%, Zn: 0.012%, Ti: 0.022 percent and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the weight percentage of each component is Si: 0.799%, Fe: 0.175%, Cu: 0.012%, Mn: 0.292%, Mg: 0.680%, Cr: 0.073%, Zn: 0.012%, Ti: 0.020% and the balance of Al.
The invention relates to a method for processing a 6005A aluminum alloy energy absorption box for an automobile, which comprises the following steps of:
A. in the 6005A aluminum bar smelting process, magnesium is added by using a magnesium ingot with the magnesium content of 99.9% by mass, and silicon is added by using an aluminum-silicon alloy with the silicon content of 21%; the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 745 ℃ during the addition;
B. the aluminum liquid is filtered in two stages, and the mesh number of the filter plates is respectively 40 meshes and 60 meshes;
C. continuously casting the aluminum bar by an oil pressure casting machine and a casting disc which comprise a water curtain type cooling system for cooling water on a crystallizer;
D. carrying out homogenization annealing on the aluminum bar at 570 ℃ after heat preservation for 8H;
E. manufacturing an aluminum bar made of the 6005A aluminum alloy for the automobile, and extruding the aluminum bar to manufacture an energy absorption box product;
F. aging at 205 deg.C for 3 h.
Preferably, the step D is performed by performing homogenization annealing by air-mist cooling.
Step E, extrusion process, mold temperature: 470 ± 10 ℃, extrusion barrel temperature: 440 +/-10 ℃, extrusion speed: 6m/min, aluminum bar temperature: 460 +/-10 ℃, online quenching: cooling the extruded aluminum alloy section in a quenching device by water, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy section before quenching is 545-555 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy section after quenching is less than 60 ℃. The heating temperature before the extrusion of the aluminum bar is reduced to increase the upsetting deformation degree of the aluminum bar during the extrusion, the outlet temperature range is controlled to be 545-555 ℃, the quenching cooling rate is increased, and the microstructure in the section bar is changed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. regulation and control of 6005A aluminum alloy components for automobiles
1) Adjusting the content of Mg and Si elements, and controlling Mg2The content of Si improves the heat treatment effect of the 6005A aluminum alloy, reduces the content of the excessive Si element, weakens the segregation of the excessive Si at the grain boundary, is not easy to cause embrittlement, and makes the alloy material not easy to crack during crushing.
2) Controlling Fe element content, reducing Al-Si-Fe sheet or needle structure, improving mechanical performance of alloy and reducing heat cracking.
3) The content of Cu element is controlled, a small amount of Cu is dissolved in α -Al in a solid solution mode, the effect of supplementary strengthening heat treatment can be achieved, the plasticity of the alloy during hot processing can be improved, the strengthening heat treatment can be achieved, and the anisotropy of the alloy after Mn is added can be reduced.
4) Adding Mn element, on one hand, the metal Al and Mn form MnAl6Metallic compound, MnAl6The compound dispersoid plays a role in inhibiting the growth of recrystallized grains; on the other hand, MnAl6 can dissolve impurity Fe to form (Fe, Mn) Al6The sheet-like or needle-like structure of iron in the aluminum alloy is made fineReducing the deleterious effects of iron.
2. The 6005A aluminum alloy energy-absorbing box prepared by the process meets the requirements that the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 280MPa, the yield strength RP0.2 is more than or equal to 260MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 10 percent, the energy-absorbing box is symmetrical in compression and collapse, uniform in deformation and free of cracking at a fold.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an automotive crash box;
FIG. 2 is a control metallographic image;
FIG. 3 is a golden phase diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a second golden phase diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the three golden phases of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a four-phase diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a hardware phase diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a six-golden phase according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
1. In the 6005A aluminum bar smelting process, magnesium is added by using a magnesium ingot with the magnesium content of 99.9% by mass, and silicon is added by using an aluminum-silicon alloy with the silicon content of 21%; the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 745 ℃ during the addition; (alloy compositions of examples were adjusted as shown in Table 1 below)
TABLE 1
2. The aluminum liquid is filtered in two stages, and the mesh number of the filter plates is respectively 40 meshes and 60 meshes;
3. continuous casting is carried out through an oil pressure casting machine and a casting disc which comprise a water curtain type cooling system for cooling water on a crystallizer, and an aluminum bar with the length of 6 meters is cast;
4. the aluminum bar is subjected to heat preservation at 570 ℃ for 8H, and is subjected to homogenizing annealing by air mist cooling;
5. detecting the aluminum bar, and meeting the control requirements of table 1;
6. sawing a 6-meter long aluminum rod to obtain a short rod for extrusion (the length of the rod for the test is 600 +/-5 mm);
7. extruding the aluminum bar to prepare an energy absorption box product; temperature of the die: 470 ± 10 ℃, extrusion barrel temperature: 440 +/-10 ℃, extrusion speed: 6m/min, aluminum bar temperature: 460 +/-10 ℃, online quenching: cooling the extruded aluminum alloy section in a quenching device by water, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy section before quenching is 545-555 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy section after quenching is less than 60 ℃.
8. Finely sawing the product into a length of 300mm by using a fine cutting saw, aging at 205 ℃ for 3h, and carrying out a crushing test by using a heading press; in addition, the mechanical properties of the tested material are verified after the performance test piece is taken and aged for 3 hours at 205 ℃, and the section of the extruded section and the performance sampling position are shown in figure 1.
9. Crushing test: pressing down the product by using an upsetting press to change the height of the product from 300mm to 100 mm;
the comparison of the mechanical properties and metallographic structures of the control group, the 6 components of the invention and the aluminum alloy extruded section produced therefrom are shown in Table 2.
The difference between the processing method of the comparison group and the invention lies in that the weight percentage of each component in the final aluminum bar is as follows: si: 0.70-0.73%, Fe: 0.15-0.20%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Mn: 0.28-0.30%, Mg: 0.53-0.58%, Cr: 0.06-0.10%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.10 percent and the balance of Al. The mechanical properties of the control group in table 2 were measured by selecting ten control examples of different alloy compositions and averaging. In table 2, the metallographic structure of the control group is the final aluminum bar, and the weight percentages of the components are as follows: si: 0.725%, Fe: 0.177%, Cu: 0.016%, Mn: 0.283%, Mg: 0.537%, Cr: 0.061%, Zn: 0.011%, Ti: 0.024 percent and the balance of Al.
①②③ in Table 2 shows the mechanical property parameters of the corresponding surface of the product in FIG. 1. Rm represents tensile strength, RP0.2 represents yield strength not less than 260MPa, and A represents elongation.
TABLE 2
Table 3 shows the average force and the maximum force of the crush of the aluminum alloy extruded sections produced by the control group and the above 6 compositions. The mean force (kN) and maximum force (kN) of the control group in table 3 are measured and averaged for a control example of ten different alloy compositions.
TABLE 3
| Type of process | Average power (kN) | Mingli (kN) |
| Control group | 206 | 243 |
| Example one | 216 | 257 |
| Example two | 219 | 262 |
| EXAMPLE III | 218 | 260 |
| Example four | 220 | 263 |
| EXAMPLE five | 221 | 262 |
| EXAMPLE six | 223 | 263 |
From the data, the 6005A aluminum alloy energy-absorbing box prepared by the process meets the requirements that the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 280MPa, the yield strength RP0.2 is more than or equal to 260MPa, and the elongation A is more than or equal to 10%. And the compression collapse of the energy absorption box of the six embodiments is as follows: the corrugated paper is symmetrical and uniform in deformation, and no cracking phenomenon exists at the position of a fold; the energy absorption box product produced by the comparison group is laminated and cracked when being crushed. The average force and the maximum force of the energy-absorbing box are higher than those of the energy-absorbing box produced by a control group, which shows that the energy-absorbing box can absorb energy more fully when the product is compressed and deformed, and the collision energy-absorbing effect is better. Metallographic photographs show that the microstructure of the energy absorption box product is obviously different from that of a comparison product, the grain boundary in the comparison product is in a sawtooth shape, and the grains are in fibrous stripes, namely fibrous structures, while the fibrous structures in the product have recrystallized small equiaxial grains. When the section is collapsed, the same deformation can be dispersed in more equiaxed grains to generate more uniform deformation, so that local stress concentration can not be caused, and the premature generation and development of cracks can not be caused. Therefore, the microstructure with the equiaxed grain characteristics has better plasticity and toughness.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a 6005A aluminum alloy for automobiles which characterized in that: the weight percentage of each component is as follows: si: 0.75-0.80%, Fe: 0.15-0.20%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Mn: 0.28-0.30%, Mg: 0.63-0.68%, Cr: 0.06-0.10%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.10 percent and the balance of Al.
2. The aluminum alloy 6005A for automobiles according to claim 1, wherein: the weight percentage of each component is as follows: 0.786%, Fe: 0.173%, Cu: 0.012%, Mn: 0.288%, Mg: 0.668%, Cr: 0.076%, Zn: 0.011%, Ti: 0.022 percent and the balance of Al.
3. The aluminum alloy 6005A for automobiles according to claim 1, wherein: the weight percentage of each component is as follows: 0.792%, Fe: 0.175%, Cu: 0.016%, Mn: 0.290%, Mg: 0.679%, Cr: 0.075%, Zn: 0.012%, Ti: 0.022 percent and the balance of Al.
4. The aluminum alloy 6005A for automobiles according to claim 1, wherein: the weight percentage of each component is as follows: 0.799%, Fe: 0.175%, Cu: 0.012%, Mn: 0.292%, Mg: 0.680%, Cr: 0.073%, Zn: 0.012%, Ti: 0.020% and the balance of Al.
5. The machining method of the 6005A aluminum alloy energy absorption box for the automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
A. in the 6005A aluminum bar smelting process, magnesium is added by using a magnesium ingot with the magnesium content of 99.9% by mass, and silicon is added by using an aluminum-silicon alloy with the silicon content of 21%; the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 745 ℃ during the addition;
B. the aluminum liquid is filtered in two stages, and the mesh number of the filter plates is respectively 40 meshes and 60 meshes;
C. continuously casting the aluminum bar by an oil pressure casting machine and a casting disc which comprise a water curtain type cooling system for cooling water on a crystallizer;
D. carrying out homogenization annealing on the aluminum bar at 570 ℃ after heat preservation for 8H;
E. making an aluminum bar of the 6005A aluminum alloy for a vehicle as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, and extruding the aluminum bar to form a crash box article;
F. aging at 205 deg.C for 3 h.
6. The machining method of the 6005A aluminum alloy energy-absorbing box for the automobile as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and D, carrying out homogenizing annealing by adopting air mist cooling.
7. The machining method of the 6005A aluminum alloy energy-absorbing box for the automobile as claimed in claim 6, wherein: step E, extrusion process, mold temperature: 470 ± 10 ℃, extrusion barrel temperature: 440 +/-10 ℃, extrusion speed: 6m/min, aluminum bar temperature: 460 +/-10 ℃, online quenching: cooling the extruded aluminum alloy section in a quenching device by water, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy section before quenching is 545-555 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy section after quenching is less than 60 ℃.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113249621A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-13 | 上海泽升汽车科技有限公司 | 6-series aluminum alloy section bar applied to energy absorption box and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023279493A1 (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-01-12 | 宁波信泰机械有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness impact-resistant energy-absorbing al-mg-si alloy |
| CN115807173A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-03-17 | 上海友升铝业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum alloy material for improving crushing and cracking grade of threshold beam |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113249621A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-13 | 上海泽升汽车科技有限公司 | 6-series aluminum alloy section bar applied to energy absorption box and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023279493A1 (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-01-12 | 宁波信泰机械有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness impact-resistant energy-absorbing al-mg-si alloy |
| CN115807173A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-03-17 | 上海友升铝业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum alloy material for improving crushing and cracking grade of threshold beam |
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