CN114574738A - 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hub and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hub and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114574738A CN114574738A CN202210203587.0A CN202210203587A CN114574738A CN 114574738 A CN114574738 A CN 114574738A CN 202210203587 A CN202210203587 A CN 202210203587A CN 114574738 A CN114574738 A CN 114574738A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The application discloses 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile wheel hub, the mass percent of alloy composition is: si 0.60-0.65%; 0.10 to 0.15 percent of Fe; cu 0.20-0.25%; 0.10 to 0.15 percent of Mn; mg 0.95-1.05%; 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Cr; 0 to 0.08 percent of Zn; 0.06 to 0.10 percent of Ti; the balance of Al. The application also provides a preparation method of the 6061 aluminum alloy for the automobile hub. According to the 6061 aluminum alloy for the automobile hub and the preparation method thereof, the liquid level height of the molten aluminum in the crystallizer is controlled by optimizing the component proportion, adjusting the casting speed and the casting speed variation range, the methods of double-stage degassing and double-stage filtering are adopted, and the parameters such as the casting temperature and the cooling water flow are optimized, so that the crack defects of the 6061 aluminum alloy ingot for the automobile hub can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 6061 aluminum alloy is a typical deformable heat-treated aluminum alloy, has medium strength, excellent extrusion processing performance, good corrosion resistance, surface treatment performance and weldability, is easy to coat, has good subsequent processability, and is suitable for processing forged products.
However, in the production process of the 6061 aluminum alloy cast ingot for the automobile hub, because the content of Fe element is controlled within the range of 0.10-0.15%, the Fe element is strictly in accordance with the national standard requirement (Fe is less than or equal to 0.7%), the 6061 aluminum alloy cast ingot has higher crack tendency, and the influence of the through crack of the cast ingot on the quality of the product is larger.
Therefore, how to reduce the crack defect of the 6061 aluminum alloy cast ingot for the automobile hub is a technical problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, a first object of the invention is to provide a 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs; the second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the 6061 aluminum alloy for the automobile hub; the application provides a 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs and a preparation method thereof, the liquid level height of molten aluminum in a crystallizer is controlled by optimizing component proportion, adjusting casting speed and casting speed variation amplitude, a two-stage degassing and two-stage filtering method is adopted, parameters such as casting temperature and cooling water flow are optimized, the crack defect of a 6061 aluminum alloy ingot for automobile hubs can be effectively reduced, and the cracking number of the ingot (3 in total in 1 casting) is improved from 1 casting cracking to 1 casting cracking.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass:
the preparation method of the 6061 aluminum alloy for the automobile hub comprises the steps of batching, smelting, refining and casting, wherein during casting, the temperature of molten aluminum at a furnace mouth is 730-750 ℃, and the temperature of molten aluminum in a crystallizer is 675-695 ℃.
Preferably, the aluminum liquid is subjected to double-stage degassing and double-stage filtering treatment before casting.
Preferably, before casting, when the aluminum liquid passes through the launder, argon is used for degassing twice in the double-stage degassing device, and the aluminum liquid is subjected to filtering and deslagging twice through the plate filter and the tubular filter.
Preferably, during casting, the casting speed is controlled as follows:
when the length of the cast ingot is 0-299 mm, the casting speed is 24-28 mm/min;
when the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 300mm, the casting speed is 40-44 mm/min.
Preferably, the casting is carried out, during casting,
when the length of the cast ingot is 0-79 mm, keeping the height of the liquid level in the crystallizer to be 38-42 mm;
when the length of the cast ingot is 80-299 mm, the height of the liquid level in the crystallizer is kept to be 33-37 mm;
when the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 300mm, the height of the liquid level in the crystallizer is kept at 46-50 mm.
Preferably, the casting is carried out, during casting,
when the length of the cast ingot is 0-159 mm, the flow of the cooling water is kept at 58-62m3/h；
When the length of the cast ingot is 160 mm-349 mm, the cooling water flow is kept to be 86-90m3/h；
When the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 350mm, the flow rate of the cooling water is kept at 142-146m3/h。
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the application provides a 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs, the formula of the original 6061 aluminum alloy is adjusted, and the component ratio (mass percent)/% before and after optimization is shown in the following table:
the method optimizes the components of the 6061 aluminum alloy for the automobile hub, increases the content of Ti element, is beneficial to further refining crystal grains, and reduces the tendency of cracks. Through component optimization, the cracking number of the cast ingot (1 casting time co-casting 3 cast ingots) is improved from 1 to 2 cracked blocks of the original 1 casting time to 0 to 1 cracked block of the original 1 casting time.
The production process of the cast ingot is optimized, and during casting, the temperature of the molten aluminum at the furnace opening is controlled to be 730-broken 750 ℃, and the temperature of the molten aluminum in the crystallizer is controlled to be 675-broken 695 ℃.
Preferably, the aluminum liquid is subjected to double-stage degassing and double-stage filtering treatment before casting. The double-stage degassing and double-stage filtering treatment specifically comprises the following steps: before casting, aluminum liquid is degassed twice by argon in a double-stage degassing device when passing through a launder, and is filtered and deslagging twice by a plate filter and a tubular filter. And the hydrogen content of the cast ingot can be reduced through two times of degassing and filtering treatment, and the reduction of crack tendency is facilitated. Compared with the prior single-stage degassing filtration, the two-stage degassing filtration has the following detection values of the hydrogen content of the cast ingot:
| filtration and degassing means | Ingot hydrogen content (ml/100 g. AL) | |
| Before optimization | Single-stage degassing and single-stage filtering | 0.12-0.15 |
| After optimization | Two stage degassing and two stage filtration | 0.07-0.10 |
Preferably, the casting speed and the casting speed are also controlled during the casting process. When the length of the cast ingot is 0-299 mm, the casting speed is 24-28 mm/min; when the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 300mm, the casting speed is 40-44 mm/min. By reducing the casting speed and the variation range of the casting speed in the casting stage, the casting ingot casting cracking can be effectively reduced, as shown in the following table:
wherein, the length of the cast ingot refers to the length of the aluminum ingot formed by solidification after entering the crystallizer. The casting stage is the casting starting stage when the length of the cast ingot is 0-300 mm, and the normal casting stage is carried out when the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 300 mm. According to the method, the casting speed in the casting starting stage and the casting speed in the normal casting stage are adjusted, and the number of cracks of the cast ingot is greatly reduced after adjustment.
Preferably, the liquid level of the aluminum water in the crystallizer is also controlled during the casting process. When the length of the cast ingot is 0-79 mm, keeping the height of the liquid level in the crystallizer to be 38-42 mm; when the length of the cast ingot is 80-299 mm, the height of the liquid level in the crystallizer is kept to be 33-37 mm; when the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 300mm, the liquid level height of the crystallizer is kept at 46-50 mm. In the present application, the liquid level height in the crystallizer refers to the height of the molten aluminum which enters the crystallizer and is not solidified yet and still keeps the liquid state. The liquid level height in the crystallizer can be controlled by adjusting the flow of the aluminum water.
Preferably, the flow of cooling water is also controlled during the casting process. When the length of the cast ingot is 0-159 mm, the flow of the cooling water is kept at 58-62m3H; keeping the cooling water flow at 86-90m when the length of the cast ingot is 160-349 mm3H; when the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 350mm, the flow rate of the cooling water is kept at 142-146m3H is used as the reference value. The method controls all parameters during casting, so that the casting speed firstly reaches a stable state (the casting ingot length is more than or equal to 300mm and then basically reaches the stable state), the critical point is in a hot state, and then the cooling water flow reaches the stable state (namely when the casting ingot length is 160-349 mm, the cooling water is keptThe flow rate is 86-90m3H, after the length of the cast ingot exceeds 350mm, the flow rate of cooling water is adjusted to be 142-146m3And h) so as to delay heat removal and avoid cold shut caused by chilling, influence on the quality of the aluminum alloy or crack generation.
In the preparation method provided by the application, other process parameters are not different from those of the existing preparation method of the 6061 alloy.
The application provides a 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs and a preparation method thereof, the liquid level height of molten aluminum in a crystallizer is controlled by optimizing component proportion, adjusting casting speed and casting speed variation amplitude, a two-stage degassing and two-stage filtering method is adopted, parameters such as casting temperature and cooling water flow are optimized, the crack defect of a 6061 aluminum alloy ingot for automobile hubs can be effectively reduced, and the cracking number of the ingot (3 in 1 casting time) is improved from 1 casting time cracking to 1 casting time cracking-free ingot cracking.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of an end face crack of a 6061 aluminum alloy ingot for an automobile hub according to an original formula and a preparation process;
FIG. 2 is photographs of cast ingots which are normally obtained by casting cracking and casting under different casting speeds and casting speed variation ranges of 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein A is a photograph of cast ingots which are prepared by 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs according to the original casting speed and casting speed variation ranges and have an original formula and are cracked; b is a normal uncracked photo of a cast ingot prepared by improving the casting speed and the casting-off speed variation range of the 6061 aluminum alloy for the automobile hub according to the application;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of an ingot obtained from 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs according to the original formulation and process, and according to the formulation and process of example 1 of the present application, wherein C is a photograph of a through crack of the ingot obtained according to the original formulation and process; d is a photograph of a normal ingot from the formulation and process of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Example 1
A6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass/%:
the preparation method of the 6061 aluminum alloy for the automobile hub comprises the steps of material preparation, smelting, refining and casting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
preparing materials: weighing the raw materials according to the mass percentage;
smelting: when the furnace gas temperature of the melting furnace is more than or equal to 800 ℃, adding a raw aluminum ingot, instant silicon, an iron agent, a manganese agent and an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy into the furnace for melting, wherein the furnace gas temperature is 1050-1100 ℃ during melting; after the furnace burden is melted partially, adding a copper plate and stirring; after the furnace burden is completely melted, adding magnesium ingot and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, and stirring to ensure the melt components to be uniform; slag is removed in time during the smelting process;
refining: adding a refining agent for refining, removing slag, and then transferring the aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace;
casting: keeping the temperature of aluminum liquid at the furnace mouth of the holding furnace at 735 ℃, enabling the aluminum liquid to enter a launder, and performing degassing and filtering treatment twice on the launder through a degassing device (filled with argon) and a filter; and keeping the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the crystallizer to be 684 ℃;
during the casting process, the casting speed is controlled as follows:
when the length of the cast ingot is 0-299 mm, the casting speed is 25 mm/min;
when the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 300mm, the casting speed is 41 mm/min.
In addition, in the casting process,
when the length of the cast ingot is 0-79 mm, keeping the liquid level height of the crystallizer at 39 mm;
when the length of the cast ingot is 80-299 mm, keeping the liquid level height of the crystallizer to be 35 mm;
when the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 300mm, the liquid level height of the crystallizer is kept to be 47 mm.
In addition, in the casting process,
when the length of the cast ingot is 0-159 mm, the cooling water flow is kept at 60m3/h；
Keeping the cooling water flow at 88m when the length of the cast ingot is 160-349 mm3/h；
When the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 350mm, the flow of the cooling water is kept at 143m3/h。
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs is characterized by comprising the following alloy components in percentage by mass:
Si 0.60-0.65％；
Fe 0.10-0.15％；
Cu 0.20-0.25％；
Mn 0.10-0.15％；
Mg 0.95-1.05％；
Cr 0.25-0.35％；
Zn 0-0.08％；
Ti 0.06-0.10％；
the balance of Al.
2. The preparation method of the 6061 aluminum alloy for the automobile hub as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the steps of batching, smelting, refining and casting, and is characterized in that the temperature of the molten aluminum at the furnace mouth is 730-.
3. The preparation method of 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs according to claim 2, wherein molten aluminum is subjected to two-stage degassing and two-stage filtering before casting.
4. The preparation method of 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs according to claim 3, wherein before casting, aluminum liquid is degassed twice by argon in a two-stage degassing device when passing through a launder, and is subjected to filtration and deslagging twice by a plate filter and a tube filter.
5. The preparation method of 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs according to claim 2, wherein in the casting process, the casting speed is controlled as follows:
when the length of the cast ingot is 0-299 mm, the casting speed is 24-28 mm/min;
when the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 300mm, the casting speed is 40-44 mm/min.
6. The method for preparing 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs according to claim 2, wherein in the casting process,
when the length of the cast ingot is 0-79 mm, keeping the height of the liquid level in the crystallizer to be 38-42 mm;
when the length of the cast ingot is 80-299 mm, the height of the liquid level in the crystallizer is kept to be 33-37 mm;
when the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 300mm, the height of the liquid level in the crystallizer is kept at 46-50 mm.
7. The method for preparing 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hubs according to claim 2, wherein in the casting process,
when the length of the cast ingot is 0-159 mm, the flow of the cooling water is kept at 58-62m3/h；
Keeping the cooling water flow at 86-90m when the length of the cast ingot is 160-349 mm3/h；
When the length of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 350mm, the cooling water flow is kept at 142-146m3/h。
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115505797A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-23 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | 6-series aluminum alloy bar and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN115505797A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-23 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | 6-series aluminum alloy bar and preparation method and application thereof |
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