CN115418511B - Preparation method of high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar, which comprises the following steps: and (3) smelting, degassing and filtering, casting, homogenizing, extruding, quenching, stretching and aging the alloy raw materials in sequence to obtain the 6061 aluminum alloy extruded bar. The method provided by the invention prepares the 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar with large diameter and high strength by matching the components, the casting process and the extrusion process. The invention uses on-line quenching, and can prepare 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bars with the mechanical properties far higher than that of European standard and the diameter of 180mm by adjusting components, a casting process and an extrusion process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar.
Background
The 6061 alloy is a typical medium strength aluminum alloy, belongs to Al-Mg-Si series aluminum alloy, has good plasticity, excellent weldability and corrosion resistance, and particularly has no stress corrosion cracking tendency, so that the aluminum alloy is widely applied to building materials and general structural materials. In recent years, with the rapid development of weight reduction of automobiles, more and more 6061 alloy is beginning to be applied to automobile parts, mainly focusing on body members, bumpers, air conditioners and the like, and battery packs of new energy automobiles.
6061 extruded bars are used primarily for forging and machining billets. At present, two general schemes exist for preparing large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bars: the requirement on the material strength is not high, when GB3191-2019 is taken as an acceptance standard, the standard does not require the mechanical property of the bar with the diameter larger than 150mm, the bar with the diameter smaller than or equal to 150mm cannot be achieved by on-line quenching generally (Rm is larger than or equal to 260MPa, rp) 0.2 More than or equal to 240MPa, A more than or equal to 8%). When special requirements exist or European standard EN755-2 is used as an acceptance standard, the mechanical properties of the bar with the standard requirements less than or equal to 200mm reach Rm more than or equal to 260MPa, rp 0.2 More than or equal to 240MPa, A more than or equal to 8 percent, and can be quenched offline by a vertical quenching furnace, so that the European standard requirement can be barely met, but the vertical quenching process is complex, the cost is increased, and the delivery period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar, where the large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy prepared by the method provided by the present invention has good performance.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) smelting, degassing and filtering, casting, homogenizing, extruding, quenching, stretching and aging the alloy raw materials in sequence to obtain the 6061 aluminum alloy extruded bar.
Preferably, the smelting temperature is 720-750 ℃.
Preferably, the casting speed is 60-187 mm/min, the casting temperature is 650-720 ℃, and the gas flow in the casting process is 0.9-8L/min.
Preferably, the homogenization treatment temperature is 470-565 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 6-8 hours.
Preferably, the heating temperature of the extrusion is 500-560 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 420-480 ℃, the die heat preservation temperature is 480-520 ℃, and the die heat preservation time is 8-24 h.
Preferably, the speed of the extrusion rod in the extrusion process is 3.5-10.0 mm/s, and the diameter of the rod obtained after extrusion is 160-200 mm.
Preferably, the quenching temperature is 515-560 ℃, and the extruded aluminum alloy bar is cooled to below 60 ℃ within 2-10 min in the quenching process.
Preferably, the stretching ratio of the stretching is 0.3 to 1.5%.
Preferably, the temperature of the aging is 170-180 ℃ and the time of the aging is 8-12 hours.
Preferably, the high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar comprises the following components:
0.63 to 0.75wt% Si;
0.2 to 0.3wt% of Fe;
0.2 to 0.3wt% Cu;
0.08 to 0.15wt% Mn;
0.9 to 1.1wt% of Mg
0.15 to 0.35wt% of Cr;
zn less than or equal to 0.05 wt%;
ti accounting for less than or equal to 0.05 wt%;
impurity: less than or equal to 0.1wt percent;
the balance being Al.
The existing aluminum alloy extrusion bar, in particular to a bar with a large diameter, has different deformation degrees between the core part and the surface of the bar in the extrusion process, so that the section structure of the bar is in an uneven state; in addition, the large-diameter bar has different quenching strength due to different cooling rates of the core part and the surface due to large diameter during quenching, and the performance of the bar is different from the center to the edge, and the width of the bar is generally lower from the edge to the center; many large diameter bars do not guarantee strength. The method provided by the invention prepares the 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar with large diameter and high strength by matching the components, the casting process and the extrusion process. The invention uses on-line quenching, and can prepare 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bars with the mechanical properties far higher than that of European standard and the diameter of 180mm by adjusting components, a casting process and an extrusion process.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) smelting, degassing and filtering, casting, homogenizing, extruding, quenching, stretching and aging the alloy raw materials in sequence to obtain the 6061 aluminum alloy extruded bar.
In the invention, the alloy raw materials are preferably proportioned according to the pre-obtained alloy components, and are put into a constant-temperature drying furnace to be dried, so as to obtain the raw materials to be smelted.
In the present invention, the smelting temperature is preferably 720-750deg.C, more preferably 730-740 deg.C, and most preferably 735 deg.C; preferably, the alloy raw material is smelted in a smelting furnace at 720-750 ℃ to obtain a melt.
In the invention, the melt after smelting is preferably subjected to degassing treatment to obtain a melt after degassing, and the melt after degassing is filtered to obtain a filtered melt.
In the present invention, the casting speed in the casting process is preferably 60 to 187mm/min, more preferably 80 to 160mm/min, still more preferably 100 to 140mm/min, and most preferably 120mm/min; the casting temperature is preferably 650-720 ℃, more preferably 670-700 ℃, and most preferably 680-690 ℃; the gas flow rate is preferably 0.9 to 8L/min, more preferably 1 to 7L/min, more preferably 2 to 6L/min, more preferably 3 to 5L/min, and most preferably 4L/min.
In the invention, the melt after degassing and filtering is preferably cast at the casting speed of 60-187 mm/min, the casting temperature of 650-720 ℃ and the gas flow rate of 0.9-8L/min to obtain the aluminum alloy casting rod.
In the present invention, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is preferably 470 to 565 ℃, more preferably 480 to 560 ℃, more preferably 500 to 540 ℃, and most preferably 520 ℃; the holding time is preferably 6 to 8 hours, more preferably 7 hours.
In the invention, the aluminum alloy casting rod obtained by casting is preferably subjected to homogenization heat treatment at 470-565 ℃ and is kept for 6-8 hours.
In the present invention, the extrusion is preferably a 75MN forward double-acting extruder; the heating temperature in the extrusion process is preferably 500-560 ℃, more preferably 510-550 ℃, more preferably 520-540 ℃, and most preferably 530 ℃; the extrusion ratio is preferably 8 to 9, more preferably 8.3 to 8.7, most preferably 8.5; the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is preferably 420-480 ℃, more preferably 430-470 ℃, more preferably 440-460 ℃, and most preferably 450 ℃; the heat preservation temperature of the die is preferably 480-520 ℃, more preferably 490-510 ℃, most preferably 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is preferably 8-24 hours, more preferably 10-20 hours, most preferably 15 hours; the extrusion rod speed is preferably 3.5 to 10.0mm/s, more preferably 5 to 8mm/s, most preferably 6 to 7mm/s; the diameter of the extruded rod after extrusion is preferably 160 to 200mm, more preferably 170 to 190mm, and most preferably 180mm.
In the invention, a 75MN forward double-acting extruder is preferably used, the uniformly treated cast ingot is heated and extruded, the heating temperature is 500-560 ℃, the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 420-480 ℃, the heat preservation temperature of a die is 480-520 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 8-24 hours, and the cast ingot is extruded at the extrusion rod speed of 3.5-10.0 mm/s to obtainAnd extruding the bar by using an aluminum alloy.
In the invention, the quenching is preferably in-line quenching, and the quenching temperature is preferably 515-560 ℃, more preferably 520-550 ℃, more preferably 530-540 ℃, and most preferably 535 ℃; the quenching is preferably water spray cooling, preferably the extruded aluminum alloy bar is cooled to below 60 ℃ within 2-10 min, more preferably 3-8 min, more preferably 4-6 min, and most preferably 5min; the rate of the water spray cooling is preferably > 180 ℃/min.
In the invention, online quenching is preferable, the extruded aluminum alloy bar is cooled at 515-560 ℃ by water spraying, and the aluminum alloy bar is cooled to below 60 ℃ within 2-10 min.
In the present invention, the stretching is preferably performed by a 400T stretching machine, and the stretching ratio of the stretching is preferably 0.3 to 1.5%, more preferably 0.5 to 1.2%, and most preferably 0.8 to 1.0%.
In the present invention, the quenched aluminum alloy bar is preferably stretched by 0.3 to 1.5% using a 400T stretcher.
In the invention, the aging is preferably performed in an aging furnace, and the heat preservation temperature of the aging is preferably 170-180 ℃, more preferably 172-178 ℃, and most preferably 174-176 ℃; the holding time is preferably 8 to 12 hours, more preferably 9 to 11 hours, and most preferably 10 hours.
In the invention, the stretched aluminum alloy bar is preferably aged in an aging furnace, and the heat preservation temperature is 170-180 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 8-12 hours.
The invention can also use a reverse extruder for extrusion in the extrusion link, the speed of the extrusion rod is 5.0-8.0 mm/s, and the extrusion rod of the aluminum alloy can also be prepared; standing wave type or water tank type cooling can be used in the online cooling link after extrusion.
In the invention, the components of the high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar are preferably as follows:
0.63 to 0.75wt% Si;
0.2 to 0.3wt% of Fe;
0.2 to 0.3wt% Cu;
0.08 to 0.15wt% Mn;
0.9 to 1.1wt% of Mg
0.15 to 0.35wt% of Cr;
zn less than or equal to 0.05 wt%;
ti accounting for less than or equal to 0.05 wt%;
impurity: less than or equal to 0.1wt percent;
the balance being Al.
In the present invention, the mass content of Si is preferably 0.65 to 0.72, more preferably 0.68 to 0.70; the mass content of Fe is preferably 0.22 to 0.28%, more preferably 0.24 to 0.26%, and most preferably 0.25%; the mass content of Cu is preferably 0.22 to 0.28%, more preferably 0.24 to 0.26%, and most preferably 0.25%; the mass content of Mn is preferably 0.10 to 0.13%, more preferably 0.11 to 0.12%; the mass content of Mg is preferably 0.95 to 1.05, more preferably 1.0%; the mass content of Zn is preferably 0.005-0.01%; the mass content of Ti is preferably 0.01-0.02%; the individual mass content of the impurities is preferably not more than 0.05%.
The invention optimizes the components, the casting process and the cooling process of extrusion on-line quenching to ensure the strengthGreatly improves the preparation of the 6061 aluminum alloyThe tensile strength of the bar can reach 363MPa, the yield strength can reach 288MPa, and the elongation can reach 18%; the tensile strength is higher than 100MPa of European standard. Compared with off-line quenching, the invention saves two subsequent quenching and stretching processes, reduces the cost, shortens the delivery period, saves 1000-2000 yuan per ton at least, and shortens the delivery period by 1-2 days.
Example 1
The components are prepared into the alloy according to the weight percentages of 97.36 percent of Al, 0.68 percent of Si, 0.16 percent of Fe, 0.27 percent of Cu, 0.13 percent of Mn, 0.96 percent of Mg, 0.21 percent of Cr, 0.01 percent of Zn and 0.02 percent of Ti. Drying the prepared materials in a constant-temperature drying oven to obtain raw materials to be smelted; smelting raw materials to be smelted in a smelting furnace at a smelting temperature of 735 ℃ to obtain a melt solution; degassing the melt solution to obtain a degassed solution, and filtering the degassed solution to obtain a filtered filtrate; and casting the filtered filtrate at the casting speed of 120mm/min and the casting temperature of 680 ℃ and the gas flow rate of 4L/min to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot at 520 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 7 hours; extruding the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot by using a 75MN extruder, wherein the extrusion ratio is 8.3; heating to 513 ℃, extruding the mixture at 420-450 ℃ in an extruding cylinder, preserving heat at 485 ℃ in a die, preserving heat for 14h, and extruding the mixture at the speed of an extruding rod of 3.5mm/s on an extruder to obtainAnd extruding the bar by using an aluminum alloy.
And (3) carrying out on-line quenching on the obtained aluminum alloy bar, wherein the quenching temperature is 512 ℃, the quenching mode is water spray cooling, the cooling rate is more than 180 ℃/min, and the aging is carried out after the aluminum alloy bar is stretched by adopting the stretching rate of 0.5%, and the aging system is 175 ℃ multiplied by 10 hours, so that the aluminum alloy bar is obtained.
Example 2
The components are prepared into the alloy according to the weight percentages of 97.36 percent of Al, 0.68 percent of Si, 0.16 percent of Fe, 0.27 percent of Cu, 0.13 percent of Mn, 0.96 percent of Mg, 0.21 percent of Cr, 0.01 percent of Zn and 0.02 percent of Ti. Drying the prepared materials in a constant-temperature drying oven to obtain raw materials to be smelted; smelting raw materials to be smelted in a smelting furnace at a smelting temperature of 735 ℃ to obtain a melt solution; degassing the melt solution to obtain a degassed solution, and filtering the degassed solution to obtain a filtered filtrate; and casting the filtered filtrate at the casting speed of 120mm/min and the casting temperature of 680 ℃ and the gas flow rate of 4L/min to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot at 520 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 7 hours; extruding the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot by using a 75MN extruder, wherein the extrusion ratio is 8.3; heating to 513 ℃, extruding the mixture at 420-450 ℃ in an extruding cylinder, preserving heat at 485 ℃ in a die, preserving heat for 14h, and extruding the mixture at the speed of 4.5mm/s by an extruder to obtainAnd extruding the bar by using an aluminum alloy.
And (3) carrying out on-line quenching on the obtained aluminum alloy bar, wherein the quenching temperature is 512 ℃, the quenching mode is water spray cooling, the cooling rate is more than 180 ℃/min, and the aging is carried out after the aluminum alloy bar is stretched by adopting the stretching rate of 0.5%, and the aging system is 175 ℃ multiplied by 10 hours, so that the aluminum alloy bar is obtained.
Example 3
The components are prepared into the alloy according to the weight percentage of 97.36 percent of Al, 0.68 percent of Si, 0.16 percent of Fe, 0.27 percent of Cu, 0.13 percent of Mn, 0.96 percent of Mg, 0.21 percent of Cr, 0.01 percent of Zn and 0.02 percent of Ti. Drying the prepared materials in a constant-temperature drying oven to obtain raw materials to be smelted; smelting raw materials to be smelted in a smelting furnace at a smelting temperature of 735 ℃ to obtain a melt solution; degassing the melt solution to obtain a degassed solution, and filtering the degassed solution to obtain a filtered filtrate; and casting the filtered filtrate at the casting speed of 120mm/min and the casting temperature of 680 ℃ and the gas flow rate of 4L/min to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot at 520 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 7 hours; extruding the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot by using a 75MN extruder, wherein the extrusion ratio is 8.3; heating to 513 ℃, extruding the mixture at 420-450 ℃ in an extruding cylinder, preserving heat at 485 ℃ in a die, preserving heat for 14h, and extruding the mixture at the speed of 4.5mm/s by an extruder to obtainAnd extruding the bar by using an aluminum alloy.
And (3) carrying out on-line quenching on the obtained aluminum alloy bar, wherein the quenching temperature is 512 ℃, the quenching mode is water spray cooling, the cooling rate is more than 180 ℃/min, and the aging is carried out after the aluminum alloy bar is stretched by adopting the stretching rate of 0.5%, and the aging system is 175 ℃ multiplied by 8 hours, so that the aluminum alloy bar is obtained.
Example 4
The components are prepared into Al 97.36%Si 0.68%Fe 0.16%Cu 0.27%Mn 0.13%Mg 0.96%Cr 0.21%Zn0.01 Ti0.02 in percentage by weight. Drying the prepared materials in a constant-temperature drying oven to obtain raw materials to be smelted; smelting raw materials to be smelted in a smelting furnace at a smelting temperature of 735 ℃ to obtain a melt solution; degassing the melt solution to obtain a degassed solution, and filtering the degassed solution to obtain a filtered filtrate; and casting the filtered filtrate at the casting speed of 120mm/min and the casting temperature of 680 ℃ and the gas flow rate of 4L/min to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot at 520 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 7 hours; the homogenized aluminum alloy ingot was extruded using a 75MN extruder at an extrusion ratio of 8.3. Heating to 513 ℃, extruding the mixture at 420-450 ℃ in an extruding cylinder, preserving heat at 485 ℃ in a die, preserving heat for 14h, and extruding the mixture at the speed of an extruding rod of 3.5mm/s on an extruder to obtainAnd extruding the bar by using an aluminum alloy.
And (3) carrying out on-line quenching on the obtained aluminum alloy bar, wherein the quenching temperature is 512 ℃, the quenching mode is water spray cooling, the cooling rate is more than 180 ℃/min, and the aging is carried out after the aluminum alloy bar is stretched by adopting the stretching rate of 0.5%, and the aging system is 175 ℃ multiplied by 12h, so that the aluminum alloy bar is obtained.
Example 5
The components are prepared into the alloy according to the weight percentage of 97.46 percent of Al, 0.68 percent of Si, 0.16 percent of Fe, 0.17 percent of Cu, 0.13 percent of Mn, 0.96 percent of Mg, 0.21 percent of Cr, 0.01 percent of Zn and 0.02 percent of Ti. Drying the prepared materials in a constant-temperature drying oven to obtain raw materials to be smelted; smelting raw materials to be smelted in a smelting furnace at a smelting temperature of 735 ℃ to obtain a melt solution; degassing the melt solution to obtain a degassed solution, and filtering the degassed solution to obtain a filtered filtrate; and casting the filtered filtrate at the casting speed of 120mm/min and the casting temperature of 680 ℃ and the gas flow rate of 4L/min to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot at 520 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 7 hours; extruding the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot by using a 75MN extruder, wherein the extrusion ratio is 8.3; heating to 513 ℃, extruding the mixture at 420-450 ℃ in an extruding cylinder, preserving heat at 485 ℃ in a die, preserving heat for 14h, and extruding the mixture at the speed of 4.5mm/s by an extruder to obtainAnd extruding the bar by using an aluminum alloy.
And (3) carrying out on-line quenching on the obtained aluminum alloy bar, wherein the quenching temperature is 512 ℃, the quenching mode is water spray cooling, the cooling rate is more than 180 ℃/min, and the aging is carried out after the aluminum alloy bar is stretched by adopting the stretching rate of 0.5%, and the aging system is 175 ℃ multiplied by 10 hours, so that the aluminum alloy bar is obtained.
Performance detection
According to the national standard GB/T16865-2013 test sample and method for tensile test of deformed aluminum, magnesium and alloy processed products thereof, the aluminum alloy bars prepared in examples 1-4 are processed into standard tensile samples, and are subjected to room temperature stretching at 25 ℃ on an INSTRON 5982 universal tensile testing machine, wherein the stretching rate is 10mm/min. According to the national standard GBT 228.1-2010 section 1 of tensile test of metallic materials: room temperature test method the bar was tested for tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after break at room temperature.
The test results are shown in the following table:
| tensile strength MPa | Yield strength MPa | Elongation after break% | |
| Example 1 | 280 | 352 | 15 |
| Example 2 | 300 | 368 | 12.5 |
| Example 3 | 288 | 363 | 18 |
| Example 4 | 299 | 365 | 16 |
| Example 5 | 242 | 305 | 14 |
The strength of the 6061 aluminum alloy prepared by the invention is greatly improved by optimizing components, a casting process and a cooling process of extrusion on-line quenchingThe highest tensile strength of the bar can reach 368MPa, the yield strength can reach 300MPa, and the elongation can reach 12.5%; the tensile strength is higher than 100MPa of European standard. Compared with off-line quenching, the invention saves two subsequent quenching and stretching processes, reduces the cost, shortens the delivery period, saves 1000-2000 yuan per ton at least, and shortens the delivery period by 1-2 days.
While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments thereof, the description and illustration is not intended to limit the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in this particular situation, material, composition of matter, substance, method or process without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims, so as to adapt the objective, spirit and scope of the present application. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of this appended claims. Although the methods disclosed herein have been described with reference to particular operations being performed in a particular order, it should be understood that these operations may be combined, sub-divided, or reordered to form an equivalent method without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. Thus, unless specifically indicated herein, the order and grouping of operations is not a limitation of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar comprises the following steps:
sequentially smelting, degassing and filtering, casting, homogenizing, extruding, quenching, stretching and aging alloy raw materials to obtain 6061 aluminum alloy extruded bars;
the smelting temperature is 720-750 ℃;
the casting speed is 60-187 mm/min, the casting temperature is 650-720 ℃, and the gas flow in the casting process is 0.9-8L/min;
the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 520 ℃;
the heating temperature of the extrusion is 500-560 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 8.3-8.7, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 420-480 ℃, the die heat preservation temperature is 480-520 ℃, and the die heat preservation time is 8-24 h; the diameter of the extruded bar after extrusion is 160-200 mm;
the quenching is online quenching, the extruded aluminum alloy bar is cooled at 515-560 ℃ by spraying water, and the aluminum alloy bar is cooled to below 60 ℃ within 2-10 min; the high-strength large-diameter 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion bar comprises the following components:
0.63 to 0.75wt% Si;
0.2 to 0.3wt% of Fe;
0.2 to 0.3wt% Cu;
0.08 to 0.15wt% Mn;
0.9 to 1.1wt% of Mg
0.15 to 0.35wt% of Cr;
zn less than or equal to 0.05 wt%;
ti accounting for less than or equal to 0.05 wt%;
impurity: less than or equal to 0.1wt percent;
the balance being Al.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the speed of the extrusion rod during the extrusion is 3.5-10.0 mm/s.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the stretching ratio of the stretching is 0.3 to 1.5%.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aging is carried out at a holding temperature of 170 to 180 ℃ for a holding time of 8 to 12 hours.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105256193A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-01-20 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Process for avoiding coarse-grain rings of 6061 aluminum alloy bars and rods |
| CN108468005A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-31 | 江苏广川线缆股份有限公司 | A kind of 6000 line aluminium alloy large deformation extruded bars production technologies |
| CN112725668A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | 6061 aluminum alloy bar production method capable of eliminating coarse crystal ring |
| CN114574738A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-03 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hub and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105256193A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-01-20 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Process for avoiding coarse-grain rings of 6061 aluminum alloy bars and rods |
| CN108468005A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-31 | 江苏广川线缆股份有限公司 | A kind of 6000 line aluminium alloy large deformation extruded bars production technologies |
| CN112725668A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | 6061 aluminum alloy bar production method capable of eliminating coarse crystal ring |
| CN114574738A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-03 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | 6061 aluminum alloy for automobile hub and preparation method thereof |
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