CN109652688B - Production method of 6082 aluminum alloy section - Google Patents
Production method of 6082 aluminum alloy section Download PDFInfo
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- CN109652688B CN109652688B CN201910128960.9A CN201910128960A CN109652688B CN 109652688 B CN109652688 B CN 109652688B CN 201910128960 A CN201910128960 A CN 201910128960A CN 109652688 B CN109652688 B CN 109652688B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
Abstract
The invention provides a production method of a 6082 aluminum alloy section, which comprises the steps of carrying out smelting casting, homogenization heat treatment, extrusion, quenching, material cutting, straightening, saw cutting, framing, aging and the like on an aluminum alloy raw material to obtain the aluminum alloy section. According to the method, the mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy section are improved by controlling the machine-loading temperature, the extrusion speed and the outlet temperature in the extrusion step and the cooling rate in the quenching step in the production process of the aluminum alloy section, so that the qualification rate of the aluminum alloy section is improved, and the subsequent production is ensured to be smoothly carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metals, and particularly relates to a production method of a 6082 aluminum alloy section.
Background
Aluminum alloys have become increasingly widely used in today's industrial production. Aluminum alloys can be classified into 1 to 9 nine categories according to the elements contained in the aluminum alloys. The 6-series aluminum alloy is an alloy consisting of Al, Si and Mg, and further the 6082 aluminum alloy not only has the performance characteristics of high strength and good toughness of the 6-series aluminum alloy, but also has stronger metal fatigue resistance, can be widely applied to automobile key parts, functional parts and safety parts, and has good application prospect.
However, the conventional 6-series aluminum alloy generally has the characteristics of low yield strength and tensile strength and poor mechanical property. When the aluminum alloy product is applied to the fields of automobiles, aviation and the like with higher requirements on material performance, the defect of low product yield exists, and even potential safety hazards are caused. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the mechanical properties of the conventional 6-series aluminum alloy profiles.
In the prior art, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy section is often improved by adjusting the proportion of alloy chemical components, improving an aluminum alloy die, improving a quenching device and the like. Although the method can achieve certain effect, the method has respective limitations and limited practical application range; in addition, in industrial production, various requirements are required on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy section, including yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and the like. In the prior art, only one or two mechanical properties can be improved, and the consideration is difficult. Therefore, a novel preparation method of 6082 aluminum alloy is needed, so that the mechanical property of the 6082 aluminum alloy is comprehensively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for producing an aluminum alloy profile, specifically, comprising the steps of:
(1) carrying out smelting and casting on an aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot;
(2) and carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod, and cooling the aluminum alloy round rod. The temperature of the homogenization heat treatment is more than or equal to 535 ℃, and the homogenization heat preservation time is more than or equal to 45 minutes;
(3) extruding the aluminum alloy round bar by using an extruder to obtain an extruded product, wherein the temperature of the aluminum bar on the extruder is 470-520 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.5 mm/s, and the outlet temperature of the profile is 510-550 ℃;
(4) performing off-line quenching on the extruded product, wherein the off-line quenching temperature is 535 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 1.0-1.5 hours, and cooling is performed after heat preservation, and the cooling rate is 240-300 ℃/min;
(5) and (4) cutting, straightening, sawing, framing and aging the quenched product to obtain the aluminum alloy section.
Preferably, the cooling manner in the step (2) is strong wind cooling and/or water mist cooling.
Preferably, the temperature of the aluminum bar on the machine in the step (3) is 485-500 ℃.
Preferably, the outlet temperature of the section bar in the step (3) is 520-540 ℃.
Preferably, the aging process in the step (5) is artificial aging, the aging temperature is 170-180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8-8.5 h.
Preferably, the aluminium alloy profile comprises the following composition:
Mg：0.70-1.00wt.％；
Si：0.90-1.20wt.％；
Cu：≤0.10wt.％；
Mn：0.45-0.65wt.％；
Cr：≤0.20wt.％；
Fe：≤0.20wt.％；
Ti：≤0.05wt.％；
Zn：≤0.05wt.％；
the balance being aluminum.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy section are improved and the width of a macrocrystalline ring of the aluminum alloy section is reduced by controlling the loading temperature, the extrusion speed and the outlet temperature in the extrusion step and the cooling rate in the quenching step in the production process of the Al-Mg-Si-Mn aluminum alloy section, so that the qualification rate of the aluminum alloy section is improved and the requirement of industrial production is met. The obtained section has excellent comprehensive mechanical property and low width of a coarse crystal ring, and the product can be well suitable for the fields of automobile part forging and the like.
Detailed Description
The advantages of the present invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
1) The aluminum alloy raw material (the specific components are shown in table 1) is smelted and cast to obtain the aluminum alloy round ingot.
2) And carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod. The process conditions are as follows: homogenizing at 570 deg.C for 12 h; and (4) cooling the homogenized aluminum alloy round bar by strong wind and water mist.
3) And extruding the aluminum alloy round bar by using an extruder to obtain an extruded product. The extrusion process conditions are as follows: the temperature of the aluminum bar on the machine is 485 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.5mm/s, and the outlet temperature of the section bar is 520 ℃.
4) Performing off-line quenching on the extruded product, wherein the off-line quenching temperature is 535 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 1.0 hour, and cooling is performed after heat preservation, and the cooling rate is 240 ℃/min; .
5) And (3) cutting, straightening, sawing, framing and aging the quenched product. Wherein the aging process is artificial aging, the aging temperature is 175 ℃, and the aging heat preservation time is 8 h. And obtaining the aluminum alloy section product.
Example 2
1) The aluminum alloy raw material (the specific components are shown in table 1) is smelted and cast to obtain the aluminum alloy round ingot.
2) And carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod. The technological conditions of the homogenization heat treatment are as follows: homogenizing at 570 deg.C for 12 h; and (4) cooling the homogenized aluminum alloy round bar by strong wind and water mist.
3) And extruding the aluminum alloy round bar by using an extruder to obtain an extruded product. The extrusion process conditions are as follows: the temperature of the aluminum bar on the machine is 485 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.5mm/s, and the outlet temperature of the section bar is 520 ℃.
4) And (3) performing off-line quenching on the extruded product, wherein the off-line quenching temperature is 535 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 1.5 hours, and cooling is performed after heat preservation, and the cooling rate is 300 ℃/min.
5) And (3) cutting, straightening, sawing, framing and aging the quenched product. Wherein the aging process is artificial aging, the aging temperature is 175 ℃, and the aging heat preservation time is 8 h. And obtaining the aluminum alloy section product.
Example 3
1) The aluminum alloy raw material (the specific components are shown in table 1) is smelted and cast to obtain the aluminum alloy round ingot.
2) And carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod. The technological conditions of the homogenization heat treatment are as follows: homogenizing at 570 deg.C for 12 h; and (4) cooling the homogenized aluminum alloy round bar by strong wind and water mist.
3) And extruding the aluminum alloy round bar by using an extruder to obtain an extruded product. The extrusion process conditions are as follows: the temperature of the aluminum bar on the machine is 500 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.5mm/s, and the outlet temperature of the section bar is 540 ℃.
4) And performing off-line quenching on the extruded product, wherein the off-line quenching temperature is 540 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 1.0 hour, and cooling is performed after heat preservation, and the cooling rate is 240 ℃/min.
5) And (3) cutting, straightening, sawing, framing and aging the quenched product. Wherein the aging process is artificial aging, the aging temperature is 175 ℃, and the aging heat preservation time is 8 h. And obtaining the aluminum alloy section product.
Example 4
1) The aluminum alloy raw material (the specific components are shown in table 1) is smelted and cast to obtain the aluminum alloy round ingot.
2) And carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod. The technological conditions of the homogenization heat treatment are as follows: homogenizing at 570 deg.C for 12 h; and (4) cooling the homogenized aluminum alloy round bar by strong wind and water mist.
3) And extruding the aluminum alloy round bar by using an extruder to obtain an extruded product. The extrusion process conditions are as follows: the temperature of the aluminum bar on the machine is 500 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.5mm/s, and the outlet temperature of the section bar is 540 ℃.
4) And performing off-line quenching on the extruded product, wherein the off-line quenching temperature is 530 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 1.0 hour, and cooling is performed after heat preservation, and the cooling rate is 300 ℃/min.
5) And (3) cutting, straightening, sawing, framing and aging the quenched product. Wherein the aging process is artificial aging, the aging temperature is 175 ℃, and the aging heat preservation time is 8 h. And obtaining the aluminum alloy section product.
Comparative example 1
1) The aluminum alloy raw material (the specific components are shown in table 1) is smelted and cast to obtain the aluminum alloy round ingot.
2) And carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod. The process conditions are as follows: homogenizing at 570 deg.C for 12 h; and (4) cooling the homogenized aluminum alloy round bar by strong wind and water mist.
3) And extruding the aluminum alloy round bar by using an extruder to obtain an extruded product. The extrusion process conditions are as follows: the temperature of the aluminum bar on the machine is 465 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.5mm/s, and the outlet temperature of the section bar is 500 ℃.
4) And carrying out on-line quenching on the extruded product, and controlling the cooling rate of the on-line quenching to be 240 ℃/min.
5) And (3) performing material breaking, straightening, saw cutting, framing and aging on the product subjected to online quenching. Wherein the aging temperature is 175 ℃, and the aging heat preservation time is 8 h. And obtaining the aluminum alloy section product.
Comparative example 2
1) The aluminum alloy raw material (the specific components are shown in table 1) is smelted and cast to obtain the aluminum alloy round ingot.
2) And carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod. The process conditions are as follows: homogenizing at 570 deg.C for 12 h; and (4) cooling the homogenized aluminum alloy round bar by strong wind and water mist.
3) And extruding the aluminum alloy round bar by using an extruder to obtain an extruded product. The extrusion process conditions are as follows: the temperature of the aluminum bar on the machine is 465 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.5mm/s, and the outlet temperature of the section bar is 500 ℃.
4) And carrying out on-line quenching on the extruded product, and controlling the cooling rate of the on-line quenching to be 300 ℃/min.
5) And (3) performing material breaking, straightening, saw cutting, framing and aging on the product subjected to online quenching. Wherein the aging temperature is 175 ℃, and the aging heat preservation time is 8 h. And obtaining the aluminum alloy section product.
Comparative example 3
1) The aluminum alloy raw material (the specific components are shown in table 1) is smelted and cast to obtain the aluminum alloy round ingot.
2) And carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod. The process conditions are as follows: homogenizing at 570 deg.C for 12 h; and (4) cooling the homogenized aluminum alloy round bar by strong wind and water mist.
3) And extruding the aluminum alloy round bar by using an extruder to obtain an extruded product. The extrusion process conditions are as follows: the temperature of the aluminum bar on the machine is 485 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.5mm/s, and the outlet temperature of the section bar is 520 ℃.
4) And carrying out on-line quenching on the extruded product, and controlling the cooling rate of the on-line quenching to be 80 ℃/min.
5) And (3) performing material breaking, straightening, saw cutting, framing and aging on the product subjected to online quenching. Wherein the aging temperature is 175 ℃, and the aging heat preservation time is 8 h. And obtaining the aluminum alloy section product.
Comparative example 4
1) The aluminum alloy raw material (the specific components are shown in table 1) is smelted and cast to obtain the aluminum alloy round ingot.
2) And carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod. The process conditions are as follows: homogenizing at 570 deg.C for 12 h; and (4) cooling the homogenized aluminum alloy round bar by strong wind and water mist.
3) And extruding the aluminum alloy round bar by using an extruder to obtain an extruded product. The extrusion process conditions are as follows: the temperature of the aluminum bar on the machine is 500 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.5mm/s, and the outlet temperature of the section bar is 540 ℃.
4) And carrying out on-line quenching on the extruded product, and controlling the cooling rate of the on-line quenching to be 80 ℃/min.
5) And (3) performing material breaking, straightening, saw cutting, framing and aging on the product subjected to online quenching. Wherein the aging temperature is 175 ℃, and the aging heat preservation time is 8 h. And obtaining the aluminum alloy section product.
Table 1 shows the mass percentages of the components of the aluminum alloy profile materials of the examples and the comparative examples.
Table 1 aluminum alloy raw materials of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 each component mass percentage (wt.%)
And (3) carrying out mechanical property tests on the aluminum alloy sections of the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-4, wherein the tested mechanical properties comprise tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. Wherein, 2 parallel samples to be tested are selected for testing in each embodiment or comparative example. Comparing the obtained mechanical property data with the product performance requirements: when the three mechanical property data of the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the sample to be tested are all higher than the product performance requirement, the sample is qualified; if one mechanical property data is lower than the product performance requirement, the sample is unqualified. The specific data and the qualification of the samples are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of mechanical Property data of the aluminum alloy sections of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4
As can be seen from Table 2, the aluminum alloy sections of the embodiments 1-4 of the invention can meet the product performance requirements, namely the products are all qualified. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy sections of the embodiments 1 to 4 is 303.0 to 336.8MPa, the yield strength is 264.8 to 314.7MPa, and the elongation is 9.7 to 18.0, which are all obviously higher than the product performance requirements. In contrast, as can also be seen from table 2, in the aluminum alloy sections of comparative examples 1 to 4, the tensile strength and yield strength of none of the products can meet the product performance requirements, that is, the products of comparative examples 1 to 4 are all unqualified.
Comparing the examples with the comparative examples, it can be seen that, in the process of producing the aluminum alloy section, the section outlet temperature and the quenching manner in the extrusion process, and the cooling rate in the quenching process have a great influence on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy section. Specifically, comparing examples 1 and 2 with comparative examples 1 and 2 shows that, in the extrusion process of comparative examples 1 and 2, the outlet temperature of the profile is lower than 510 ℃, and the tensile strength and the yield strength of the sample are respectively reduced by about 30Mpa compared with those of examples 1 and 2, so that the product performance requirements cannot be met, and the quality of the aluminum alloy profile is unqualified; comparing examples 3 and 4 with comparative examples 3 and 4, it can be seen that when the cooling rate is reduced to 80 ℃/min in the quenching process of comparative examples 3 and 4, the tensile strength and yield strength of the sample are reduced by about 50MPa compared with examples 3 and 4, the product performance requirements cannot be met, and the quality of the aluminum alloy section bar is also unqualified. In the production process of the aluminum alloy section, the solid solution strengthening effect and the aging strengthening effect of 6082 aluminum alloy can be ensured by controlling the outlet temperature and the quenching cooling rate of the section in the extrusion process to be in proper ranges, so that the aluminum alloy section with good mechanical property is obtained.
In conclusion, the invention improves the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy section such as yield strength, tensile strength and elongation by controlling the quenching outlet temperature of the extrusion step in the production process of the aluminum alloy section, the cooling mode, the cooling rate and other key production factors in the quenching step, thereby improving the qualification rate of the section and meeting the requirements of industrial production.
It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating exemplary embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A production method of a 6082 aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out smelting and casting on an aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot;
(2) carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy round ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod, and cooling the aluminum alloy round rod, wherein the temperature of the homogenization heat treatment is not less than 535 ℃, and the homogenization heat preservation time is not less than 45 minutes;
(3) extruding the aluminum alloy round bar by using an extruder to obtain an extruded product, wherein the temperature of the aluminum bar on the extruder is 470-520 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.5 mm/s, and the outlet temperature of the profile is 510-550 ℃;
(4) performing off-line quenching on the extruded product, wherein the off-line quenching temperature is 530-540 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 1.0-1.5 hours, and cooling is performed after heat preservation, and the cooling rate is 240-300 ℃/min;
(5) cutting, straightening, sawing, framing and aging the quenched product to obtain an aluminum alloy section; the aluminum alloy raw material comprises the following components:
Mg：0.70-1.00wt.％；
Si：0.90-1.20wt.％；
Cu：≤0.10wt.％；
Mn：0.45-0.65wt.％；
Cr：≤0.20wt.％；
Fe：≤0.20wt.％；
Ti：≤0.05wt.％；
Zn：≤0.05wt.％；
the balance being aluminum.
2. The method of claim 1,
and (3) the cooling mode in the step (2) is strong wind cooling and/or water mist cooling.
3. The method of claim 1,
and (3) the aluminum bar machining temperature is 485-500 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1,
the outlet temperature of the section bar in the step (3) is 520-540 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1,
the aging process in the step (5) is artificial aging, the aging temperature is 170-180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8-8.5 h.
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| CN110714147B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-06-01 | 郑州明泰实业有限公司 | 6082 aluminum alloy plate for aviation and preparation process thereof |
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| CN108165841A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-06-15 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | A kind of 6008 aluminium alloy energy-absorption box processing technology of automobile |
| CN108220844A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-06-29 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | A kind of moulding process of riding automobile-used aluminium alloy braking disc |
| CN109295348A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-01 | 天津圣金特汽车配件有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of high-strength aluminum alloy brake disc |
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