CN110355225B - Extrusion process of high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for vehicle - Google Patents
Extrusion process of high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN110355225B CN110355225B CN201910564425.8A CN201910564425A CN110355225B CN 110355225 B CN110355225 B CN 110355225B CN 201910564425 A CN201910564425 A CN 201910564425A CN 110355225 B CN110355225 B CN 110355225B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/02—Cooling or heating of containers for metal to be extruded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/04—Cooling or heating of press heads, dies or mandrels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D11/00—Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00; Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00; Twisting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy forming, and relates to an extrusion process of a high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for a vehicle, wherein an aluminum alloy cast ingot adopts a stepped heating mode, the heating temperatures of the head part, the middle part and the tail part of the aluminum alloy cast ingot are 480-510 ℃, 470-500 ℃ and 460-490 ℃ in sequence, the extrusion speed is 4.5-5.5 m/min, the aluminum alloy section after stretching and straightening is placed for 6-8 h and then bent, the bending angle is 100-120 ℃, the aluminum alloy section after bending is subjected to artificial aging heat treatment, the aging temperature is 175 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy forming, and relates to an extrusion process of a high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for a vehicle.
Background
With the gradual convergence of modern industry to light industry, new energy automobiles are rapidly developing, the new energy automobiles are considered in multiple aspects such as light weight, energy conservation, safety and the like, a space structure frame mainly composed of aluminum extruded sections is used, and the aluminum alloy section products after extrusion molding are subjected to processing means such as welding, bending and the like, so that automobile products with high strength and safety are realized to the maximum extent.
The traditional bending piece for the vehicle is built on 6 series aluminum alloys such as 6005A, 6061 and the like with medium strength, but with the development of the technological level and the development of industrial modernization, a large amount of market demands exist on a higher-strength aluminum alloy bending section, the bending difficulty of the high-strength 6082 aluminum alloy is that the surface bending part of the high-strength 6082 aluminum alloy is easy to generate wrinkles and deeper crack sources, and if the quenching strength is reduced, the required mechanical property standard can not be met after aging.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an extrusion process for a high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for a vehicle, which aims to solve the problem that the surface quality and the mechanical property of a high-strength 6082 aluminum alloy section cannot reach the standard in the bending process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an extrusion process of a high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for a vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing an aluminum alloy raw material according to the following parts by weight: si: 1.0% -1.1%, Fe: 0.25-0.35%, Cu: 0.045-0.050%, Mn: 0.50-0.55%, Mg: 0.75-0.85%, Cr: 0.12-0.20%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity in total and the balance of Al, adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace, uniformly mixing, smelting into liquid aluminum alloy, and casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy ingot;
B. homogenizing the cast aluminum alloy ingot at 550-580 ℃ for 4-6 h;
C. placing the homogenized aluminum alloy ingot into an extrusion die of an extruder for extrusion molding to obtain a required aluminum alloy section, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion die is 450-500 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 400-440 ℃, the extrusion ratio lambda of the extruder is 47.2, the aluminum alloy ingot is heated in a stepped mode, the heating temperature of the head of the aluminum alloy ingot is 480-510 ℃, the heating temperature of the middle of the aluminum alloy ingot is 470-500 ℃, the heating temperature of the tail of the aluminum alloy ingot is 460-490 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 4.5-5.5 m/min;
D. carrying out water mist quenching on the extruded aluminum alloy section, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy section entering a quenching area is 500-530 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum alloy section exiting the quenching area is 80-120 ℃, and the quenching cooling speed is 40-45 ℃/s;
E. stretching and straightening the quenched aluminum alloy section;
F. standing the stretched and straightened aluminum alloy section for 6-8 h, and then bending the aluminum alloy section, wherein the bending angle is 100-120 degrees;
G. and (3) carrying out artificial aging heat treatment on the bent aluminum alloy section, wherein the aging temperature is 175 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
Further, the aluminum alloy smelting process in the step A is a semi-continuous casting method of melting, stirring, slagging off, degassing and impurity removing, filtering and casting.
Further, the extruder in step C was a 1250T extruder.
And further, a baffle is arranged at the water mist quenching outlet of the aluminum alloy section in the step D.
Further, the quenching cooling speed of the step D is 45 ℃/s.
And furthermore, the tensile deformation of the aluminum alloy section in the step E is 1-2%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention discloses an extrusion process of a high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for a vehicle, which is characterized in that the yield strength of the aluminum alloy bent section after quenching, stretching and straightening is 130-150 MPa, the tensile strength is 220-250 MPa, the elongation after breakage is 22-25%, the bent angle of the bent aluminum alloy bent section after quenching, stretching and straightening is found to reach 100-120 degrees, and no bending crack source and thick coarse crystal layer appear at the corner of a high-power structure, so that the process condition of the invention is suitable for the preparation of the high-strength bent section for the vehicle, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy bent section is 290-320 MPa, the tensile strength reaches 320-340 MPa, the elongation reaches 15-18 percent, and the alloying degree of the aluminum alloy section is controlled because the Si and Mg elements added in the alloy elements belong to the content under the medium bias, the content of Mn + Cr is on the upper side and medium, thereby realizing the control of coarse grains and simultaneously ensuring the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy section. However, the strength of the alloy is slightly reduced due to the reduction of the contents of Si and Mg, but when a low-temperature and high-speed quenching mode is adopted, the quenching cooling rate is improved, the quenching strength can be improved, the plastic toughness of the material can be improved, the thickness of a coarse crystal layer can be reduced, the size of crystal grains can be reduced, and therefore the bending performance of the section bar is improved, and the surface quality after bending is improved.
2. The invention discloses an extrusion process of a high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for a vehicle, which changes alloy components on the basis of the original 6082 aluminum alloy section components, realizes the bending of the high-strength 6082 aluminum alloy section without crack rebound phenomenon, and debugs a 6082 alloying medium component content degree by improving a homogenization system of an ingot casting and simultaneously matching a good process system, a low-temperature high-speed process system, thereby properly making up for the deficiency of the alloy components, ensuring the sufficient quenching strength, further improving the toughness and plasticity, improving the crack source depth and size of the surface after bending by a processing and strengthening mode of bending first and then aging, solving the problem of slight rebound, ensuring that the size and deformation can not have large changes after the section is subjected to failure after bending, and ensuring that the strength can also reach the standard.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for a vehicle according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The extrusion process of the high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for the vehicle shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
A. preparing an aluminum alloy raw material according to the following parts by weight: si: 1.0%, Fe: 0.25%, Cu: 0.045%, Mn: 0.50%, Mg: 0.75%, Cr: 0.12%, Zn: 0.10%, Ti: 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity in total and the balance of Al, adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace, uniformly mixing, smelting into liquid aluminum alloy, and casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy ingot;
B. homogenizing the cast aluminum alloy ingot at 550-580 ℃ for 4-6 h;
C. placing the homogenized aluminum alloy ingot in an extrusion die of an extruder for extrusion molding to obtain a required aluminum alloy section, wherein the extruder is a 1250T extruder, the heating temperature of the extrusion die is 450-500 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 400-440 ℃, the extrusion ratio lambda of the extruder is 47.2, the aluminum alloy ingot is heated in a stepped mode, the heating temperature of the head part of the aluminum alloy ingot is 480-510 ℃, the heating temperature of the middle part of the aluminum alloy ingot is 470-500 ℃, the heating temperature of the tail part of the aluminum alloy ingot is 460-490 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 4.5-5.5 m/min;
D. carrying out water mist quenching on the extruded aluminum alloy section, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy section entering a quenching area is 500-530 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum alloy section exiting the quenching area is 80-120 ℃, the quenching cooling speed is 45 ℃/s, and a baffle is arranged at a water mist quenching outlet of the aluminum alloy section;
E. stretching and straightening the quenched aluminum alloy section, wherein the yield strength of the aluminum alloy section under the process condition is 130-150 MPa, the tensile strength is 220-250 MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 22-25%;
F. standing the stretched and straightened aluminum alloy section for 6-8 h, and bending, wherein the bending angle is 100-120 degrees, and no bending crack source or thick coarse crystal layer appears at the corner of the high-power tissue of the bent aluminum alloy section, so that the method is certainly suitable for processing the high-strength bent section for vehicles under the process condition;
G. and (3) carrying out artificial aging heat treatment on the bent aluminum alloy section, wherein the aging temperature is 175 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 8h, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy section after the artificial aging heat treatment is 290-320 MPa, the tensile strength reaches 320-340 MPa, and the elongation reaches 15-18%.
Example 2
The difference between the example 2 and the example 1 is that the aluminum alloy raw material in the step A comprises the following components: si: 1.1%, Fe: 0.25%, Cu: 0.045%, Mn: 0.55%, Mg: 0.85%, Cr: 0.20%, Zn: 0.10%, Ti: 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity in total, and the balance of Al.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that in the aluminum alloy raw material composition in the step A: si: 0.9%, Mg: 0.70 percent.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example 2 and the example 2 is that in the aluminum alloy raw material composition in the step A: si: 1.2%, Mg: 0.90 percent.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example 3 and the example 1 is that in the aluminum alloy raw material composition in the step A: mn: 0.4%, Cr: 0.10 percent.
Comparative example 4
The difference between the comparative example 4 and the example 2 is that in the aluminum alloy raw material composition in the step A: mn: 0.4%, Cr: 0.10 percent.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 is different from example 1 in that the quenching cooling rate in step D is 30 ℃/s.
Comparative example 6
Comparative example 6 is different from example 1 in that the quenching cooling rate in step D is 60 ℃/s.
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy bent profiles prepared in the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-6 are shown in the table I
Watch 1
Examples | Yield strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation percentage% |
Example 1 | 300 | 330 | 17 |
Example 2 | 305 | 335 | 16 |
Comparative example 1 | 280 | 300 | 15 |
Comparative example 2 | 275 | 290 | 14.5 |
Comparative example 3 | 285 | 295 | 15 |
Comparative example 4 | 290 | 310 | 14.5 |
Comparative example 5 | 300 | 310 | 14 |
Comparative example 6 | 285 | 315 | 15.5 |
As can be seen from the above table, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy bent section prepared by the extrusion process of the invention reaches 300MPa, the tensile strength reaches 330MPa, and the elongation reaches 16%. And the aluminum alloy section after the bending test adopts the over-aged and peak-aged hand end, and no obvious springback phenomenon is found, so on the basis of the improvement of the process system and components, the bending is carried out, and finally the peak-aged treatment is carried out, so that a good bent section product is obtained, and the problem of a small amount of springback is solved after fine adjustment.
According to the extrusion process of the automotive high-strength aluminum alloy bent section, the optimal process system is made by selecting reasonable extruder equipment and improving alloy components of cast ingots again, and meanwhile, in the later processing process, the optimal processing method is selected to be combined with the strengthening system, so that the product can reach the technical protocol standard in the aspects of surface quality, size and physical and chemical properties, and stable batch production is finally realized.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The extrusion process of the high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for the vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. preparing an aluminum alloy raw material according to the following parts by weight: si: 1.0% -1.1%, Fe: 0.25-0.35%, Cu: 0.045-0.050%, Mn: 0.50-0.55%, Mg: 0.75-0.85%, Cr: 0.12-0.20%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity in total and the balance of Al, adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace, uniformly mixing, smelting into liquid aluminum alloy, and casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy ingot;
B. homogenizing the cast aluminum alloy ingot at 550-580 ℃ for 4-6 h;
C. placing the homogenized aluminum alloy ingot into an extrusion die of an extruder for extrusion molding to obtain a required aluminum alloy section, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion die is 450-500 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 400-440 ℃, the extrusion ratio lambda of the extruder is 47.2, the aluminum alloy ingot is heated in a stepped mode, the heating temperature of the head of the aluminum alloy ingot is 480-510 ℃, the heating temperature of the middle of the aluminum alloy ingot is 470-500 ℃, the heating temperature of the tail of the aluminum alloy ingot is 460-490 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 4.5-5.5 m/min;
D. carrying out water mist quenching on the extruded aluminum alloy section, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy section entering a quenching area is 500-530 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum alloy section exiting the quenching area is 80-120 ℃, and the quenching cooling speed is 40-45 ℃/s;
E. stretching and straightening the quenched aluminum alloy section;
F. standing the stretched and straightened aluminum alloy section for 6-8 h, and then bending the aluminum alloy section, wherein the bending angle is 100-120 degrees;
G. and (3) carrying out artificial aging heat treatment on the bent aluminum alloy section, wherein the aging temperature is 175 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
2. The extrusion process of the high-strength aluminum alloy bent section bar for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy melting process in the step a is a semi-continuous casting method of melting, stirring, slagging, degassing and impurity removing, filtering and casting.
3. The process for extruding a high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for vehicles as claimed in claim 2, wherein the extruder in the step C is a 1250T extruder.
4. The extrusion process of the high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for the vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein a baffle is arranged at the water mist quenching outlet of the aluminum alloy bent section in the step D.
5. The extrusion process of the high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for the vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the quenching cooling rate in step D is 45 ℃/s.
6. The extrusion process of the high-strength aluminum alloy bent section for the vehicle as claimed in claim 5, wherein the tensile deformation of the aluminum alloy section in the step E is 1-2%.
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