CN111020320A - High-strength aluminum alloy and production method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum alloy and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111020320A CN111020320A CN201910898973.4A CN201910898973A CN111020320A CN 111020320 A CN111020320 A CN 111020320A CN 201910898973 A CN201910898973 A CN 201910898973A CN 111020320 A CN111020320 A CN 111020320A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength aluminum alloy and a production method thereof, and mainly relates to the field of alloy processing technology. The high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.5 to 6.5 percent of Cu, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Ag, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Y, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The production method of the high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out smelting, refining, casting, homogenizing treatment and aging treatment on raw materials to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy consisting of alloy elements. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can solve the problem of poor mechanical property of the existing aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy product has good plasticity, high strength, simple and easy preparation method and strong process transportability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the field of alloy processing technology, in particular to a high-strength aluminum alloy and a production method thereof.
Background
In the development of modern industries such as aerospace, rail transit, new energy automobiles and the like, urgent requirements are put on the light weight of the structure. Aluminum alloy has received more and more attention as a common light metal structural material, and has been applied to a certain extent in the fields of national defense and military industry, aerospace, high-speed rail transit, electronic communication and the like. Currently, commercial aluminum alloys can be basically classified into cast aluminum alloys and wrought aluminum alloys. The 2-series aluminum alloys are widely used due to their low price and good casting process, and mainly include 2a12, 2024, and 2a70 aluminum alloys. Wherein the ultimate tensile strength of the 2A12-T6 aluminum alloy is 415-435MPa, the ultimate tensile strength of the 2024-T6 aluminum alloy is 435-455MPa, and the ultimate tensile strength of the 2A70-T6 aluminum alloy is 425-445 MPa. Because the strength of the aluminum alloy is low, the aluminum alloy is difficult to be applied to a large number of bearing structural members, especially the application amount of the wrought aluminum alloy is far behind that of steel, the mechanical property of the wrought aluminum alloy is obviously insufficient, and the further application of the wrought aluminum alloy is severely restricted. Meanwhile, in actual production, the existing large castings, die castings and certain special castings are difficult to carry out heat treatment, and the problem of low strength exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-strength aluminum alloy and a production method thereof, which can solve the problem of poor mechanical property of the existing aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy product has good plasticity, high strength, simple and easy preparation method and strong process transportability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.5 to 6.5 percent of Cu, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Ag, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Y, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
A production method of high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1: alloy smelting: putting raw materials of alloy elements Cu, Ag and Y, including pure Al and pure Mg, into a crucible, heating to melt, and adding preheated intermediate alloy raw materials of the alloy elements Y, Cu and Ag when the temperature is 700-720 ℃;
s2: refining: the product in the molten state in the step S1 is kept warm until the raw materials of the alloy elements Y, Cu and Ag are completely molten, the surface scum is removed, then the temperature is raised to 730-;
s3: alloy casting: pouring the alloy liquid obtained by refining in the step S2 into a preheated metal mold to cast an aluminum ingot;
s4: homogenizing: preserving the heat of the casting product obtained in the step S3 at the temperature of 520-540 ℃ for 10-16h for homogenization treatment;
s5: aging treatment: and (3) preserving the temperature of the product obtained in the step S5 at 200-220 ℃ for 2-4h for aging treatment.
Preferably, a method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy, comprising the steps of, between the steps of S4 and S5:
s4.5: hot extrusion: the product of the S4 step was hot extruded at 510-530 ℃ at an extrusion ratio of 10-20.
Preferably, in the step S1, the master alloy is Al-50Cu, Al-10Ag or Al-30Y master alloy.
Preferably, in the step S3, the temperature of the preheated metal mold is 250 to 300 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S3, a quick-drying high-temperature lubricating mold release agent is sprayed into the preheated metal mold before the alloy liquid is poured into the preheated metal mold.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy prepared by the production method of the high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.5 to 6.5 percent of Cu, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Ag, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Y, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following substantial effects:
the application provides a high-strength aluminum alloy and a production method thereof, which are used for improving or relieving the problem of poor mechanical property of the existing aluminum alloy.
The rare earth aluminum alloy provided by the application can form a long-period stacking phase, has an obvious strengthening effect, is beneficial to the mechanical property of the alloy, and has an obvious strengthening effect. Ag and Y elements are added into the Al-Cu-Mg alloy, so that quasi-crystal or long-period phases are formed in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy, the quasi-crystal or long-period phases can effectively improve the strength and damping performance of the aluminum alloy, and the mechanical performance of the aluminum alloy can be greatly improved after deformation treatment.
Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Y series high-strength wrought aluminium alloy obtained by passing through β -Al2Cu phase, β -Al3The composite strengthening and toughening of the Y phase and the nanometer precipitated phase obviously improves the mechanical property of the alloy.
According to the high-strength aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the application, the strength is high, the plasticity is better, and the requirement of practical use is met. The main second phase of the high-strength aluminum alloy of the embodiment of the application is a long-period stacking phase, which is a special phase or structure formed by long-period ordered arrangement of rare earth elements and transition group elements in an aluminum matrix and is an effective strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy. A coherent or semi-coherent interface is formed between the long-period stacking phase and the aluminum alloy matrix, so that cracks are not easy to generate in the stress process, and the plasticity is not easy to deteriorate.
The method combines the microalloying technology, introduces trace Ag element and Y element, can refine crystal grains, improve the strength of the alloy, effectively obstruct the growth of the second phase, avoid forming massive second phase in the alloy and avoid the problem of early fracture of the material when the material is stressed. The excessive Cu in the alloy is distributed at the grain boundary, and due to the surface activity of the excessive Cu, the excessive Cu can promote the rare earth atoms to diffuse into an aluminum matrix, and the excessive Cu is enriched at the crystallization front in the solidification process to prevent the growth of a ternary phase, so that the semi-continuous net-shaped ternary phase is promoted to be changed into an intermittent state, and the casting performance of the alloy is improved.
The high-strength aluminum alloy provided by the application has high strength and good plasticity, and meanwhile, the preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy is simple and easy to implement, the test parameters are convenient to control, and the requirements of the prepared material in practical application are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cast microstructure of an as-cast aluminum alloy of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a homogenized microstructure of an aluminum alloy according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of an aged aluminum alloy of example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.
The processing technology of the invention is detailed as follows:
the production method of the aluminum alloy is simple in process, strong in transportability and easy to operate, and the prepared high-strength aluminum alloy can be applied to industrial production in the fields of aerospace, rail transit, new energy automobiles and the like.
In some embodiments shown in the application, the raw materials of the alloy elements Cu, Ag and Y are Al-50Cu, Al-10Ag and Al-30Y master alloy.
In some embodiments illustrated herein, smelting and refining comprises: melting the preheated pure raw materials of the alloy elements Al and Mg, adding the preheated raw materials of the alloy elements Y, Cu and Ag when heating to the temperature of 700-plus-720 ℃, preserving the heat until the raw materials of the alloy elements Y, Cu and Ag are completely melted, removing the surface scum, then heating to the temperature of 730-plus-740 ℃, stirring, and then cooling to the temperature of 690-plus-700 ℃ for heat preservation. It should be noted that, when the raw materials of the alloying elements Al and Mg include not only pure raw materials, but also Al-50Cu master alloy, Al-10Ag master alloy, Al-30Y master alloy, etc., the smelting and refining include: melting the preheated pure raw materials of the alloy elements Al and Mg, adding the preheated raw materials of the alloy element Y and the intermediate alloy raw materials of the alloy elements Al and Mg when heating to the temperature of 700-plus-720 ℃, preserving the heat until the raw materials of the alloy elements Y, Cu and Ag and the intermediate alloy are completely melted, removing the surface scum, then heating to the temperature of 730-plus-740 ℃, stirring, and then cooling to the temperature of 690-plus-700 ℃ for heat preservation.
In some embodiments illustrated herein, the casting comprises: the refined alloy liquid is poured into a preheated metal mold, the preheating temperature is 250-300 ℃, the reaction between the alloy element aluminum and the like and the water vapor and the like possibly existing in the metal mold is effectively avoided, the impurity content of the high-strength aluminum alloy is reduced, and the mechanical property of the high-strength aluminum alloy is improved. The metal mold is, for example, a low carbon steel metal mold. In some embodiments shown in the application, before the alloy liquid is poured into the preheated metal mold, a quick-drying high-temperature lubricating release agent is sprayed in the preheated mold, so that the subsequent demolding is facilitated.
In some embodiments illustrated herein, the homogenization treatment comprises incubation at a temperature of 520 ℃ to 540 ℃ for 11 to 13 hours, for example at a temperature of 520 ℃, 525 ℃, 530 ℃, 535 ℃, 540 ℃ for 11 hours, 12 hours, or 13 hours.
In some embodiments illustrated herein, the hot extrusion may be a hot extrusion involved in a conventional production method of an aluminum alloy. Alternatively, hot extrusion is carried out at an extrusion temperature of 510 ℃ and 530 ℃, an extrusion ratio of 10-20, and an extrusion speed of 0.1-1 m/min. Through the hot extrusion process, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved.
In some embodiments illustrated herein, the aging process comprises: keeping the temperature at 200 ℃ and 220 ℃ for 2-4 h. For example, aging treatments include: keeping the temperature at 200 ℃, 205 ℃, 210 ℃, 215 ℃ or 220 ℃ for 2h, 3h or 4 h.
Example 1:
a high-strength aluminum alloy is prepared by the following production method:
(1) preparing raw materials
The alloy is prepared according to the weight percentage of Cu5.5 percent, Mg0.6 percent, Ag0.4 percent and Y0.2 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the raw materials of elements Al and Mg are pure aluminum and magnesium, and the raw materials of elements Cu, Ag and Y are intermediate alloys of Al-50Cu, Al-10Ag and Al-30Y.
（2）
S1, smelting the prepared materials: preheating pure aluminum, magnesium and intermediate alloys of Al-50Cu, Al-10Ag and Al-30Y at 280 ℃; melting the preheated pure aluminum and magnesium, heating to 710-720 ℃, and adding the master alloys Al-50Cu, Al-10Ag and Al-30Y.
S2: refining: and (4) keeping the temperature of the routine obtained in the step S1 until the alloy is completely melted, removing the surface scum, then heating to 740 ℃, stirring, cooling to 700 ℃, and keeping the temperature to obtain alloy liquid.
S3: casting: pouring the alloy liquid obtained in the step S2 into a metal mold to obtain an ingot; in step S3, the mold is a metal mold, and the mold is preheated before use at a temperature of 250-300 ℃. And then spraying a quick-drying high-temperature lubricating release agent on the inner wall of the mold, and then pouring to obtain the prepared sample.
S4: homogenizing: homogenizing the smelted aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the temperature is 520 ℃ and the time is 12 h.
S5: aging treatment: and preserving the heat of the homogenized aluminum alloy ingot for 3 hours at the aging treatment temperature of 210 ℃.
Example 2
A high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu6%, Mg0.7%, Ag0.5%, Y0.3%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
The high strength aluminum alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
A high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu6.5%, Mg0.8%, Ag0.6%, Y0.4%, and the balance Al and inevitable impurities.
The high strength aluminum alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
A high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu6.5%, Mg0.7%, Ag0.5%, Y0.3%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The high strength aluminum alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 5
A high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu6.5%, Mg0.6%, Ag0.4%, Y0.2%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The high strength aluminum alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 6
A high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu6%, Mg0.8%, Ag0.6%, Y0.4%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
The high strength aluminum alloy was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 7
A high-strength aluminum alloy which differs from example 4 only in the production method. The production method of the present embodiment adds step S4.5 between steps S4 and S5:
s4.5: hot extrusion: homogenizing the smelted aluminum alloy ingot at 520 ℃ for 8 h. And then carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the hot extrusion conditions are as follows: the extrusion temperature was 510 ℃ and the extrusion ratio was 16.
S5: aging treatment: and (5) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the extruded alloy obtained in the step (S4.5), wherein the specific process parameters are as follows: the aging treatment temperature is 210 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h.
Example 8
A high-strength aluminum alloy is different from the high-strength aluminum alloy in the embodiment 7 only in the difference between an extrusion process and an artificial aging process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s4.5: hot extrusion: homogenizing the smelted aluminum alloy ingot at 520 ℃ for 8 h. And then carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the hot extrusion conditions are as follows: the extrusion temperature was 520 ℃ and the extrusion ratio was 16.
S5: aging treatment: and (4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the extruded alloy obtained in the step S4, wherein the specific process parameters are as follows: the aging treatment temperature is 220 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h.
The strength of the high strength aluminum alloys provided in examples 1 to 8 was measured by a universal electronic tensile testing machine, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: results of Performance test of the aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 8
| Serial number | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage |
| Example 1 | 465MPa | 344MPa | 11.2% |
| Example 2 | 472MPa | 369MPa | 9.7% |
| Example 3 | 488MPa | 361Mpa | 9.1% |
| Example 4 | 495MPa | 385Mpa | 8.5% |
| Example 5 | 470MPa | 346Mpa | 8.1% |
| Example 6 | 472MPa | 341MPa | 8.5% |
| Example 7 | 505MPa | 399Mpa | 8.2% |
| Example 8 | 518MPa | 401Mpa | 7.5% |
As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1-6 had room temperature tensile strength of 465-495Mp and elongation of 8.1-11.2%, and after hot extrusion, room temperature tensile strength of 505-518Mp had elongation of 7.5-8.2%.
Experimental results show that the obtained extruded aluminum alloy has high mechanical property within the room temperature range.
In conclusion, the high strength and plasticity can be obtained by controlling the alloy components and the smelting process, the heat treatment process and the extrusion process. The method has the advantages of simple process, strong transportability and easy operation, and the prepared aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength and high plasticity and can be applied to industrial production in the fields of aerospace, rail transit, new energy automobiles and the like.
Claims (7)
1. The high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.5 to 6.5 percent of Cu, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Mg0.4 to 0.6 percent of Ag, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Y, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
2. The production method of the high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: alloy smelting: putting raw materials of alloy elements Cu, Ag and Y, including pure Al and pure Mg, into a crucible, heating to melt, and adding preheated intermediate alloy raw materials of the alloy elements Y, Cu and Ag when the temperature is 700-720 ℃;
s2: refining: the product in the molten state in the step S1 is kept warm until the raw materials of the alloy elements Y, Cu and Ag are completely molten, the surface scum is removed, then the temperature is raised to 730-;
s3: alloy casting: pouring the alloy liquid obtained by refining in the step S2 into a preheated metal mold to cast an aluminum ingot;
s4: homogenizing: preserving the heat of the casting product obtained in the step S3 at the temperature of 520-540 ℃ for 10-16h for homogenization treatment;
s5: aging treatment: and (3) preserving the temperature of the product obtained in the step S5 at 200-220 ℃ for 2-4h for aging treatment.
3. The method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein: the following steps are added between the steps S4 and S5:
s4.5: hot extrusion: the product of the S4 step was hot extruded at 510-530 ℃ at an extrusion ratio of 10-20.
4. The method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S1, the intermediate alloy is Al-50Cu, Al-10Ag or Al-30Y intermediate alloy.
5. The method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S3, the temperature of the preheated metal mold is 250-300 ℃.
6. The method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein: and in the step S3, before the alloy liquid is poured into the preheated metal mold, a quick-drying high-temperature lubricating release agent is sprayed into the preheated mold.
7. The aluminum alloy prepared by the production method of the high-strength aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.5 to 6.5 percent of Cu5, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Ag, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Y, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
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| CN111996426A (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2020-11-27 | 中南大学 | High-strength Al-Cu-Mg-Mn aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114905182A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-08-16 | 新乡市特美特热控技术股份有限公司 | Preparation method of solder and method for welding cold plate through solder |
| CN115747592A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2023-03-07 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Isotropic high-strength wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200417 |