CN114480922B - Ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum lithium alloys, and particularly relates to an ultra-light aluminum lithium alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention solves the problems of oxidation burning loss and layered segregation caused by high Li and Mg contents by composite microalloying and adopting the processes of vacuum casting, deformation processing, heat treatment and the like, and obtains the ultralight aluminum-lithium alloy with good strong plasticity matching. The ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: lithium: 3.0 to 8.0%, magnesium: 3.0 to 9.0%, beryllium: 0.01 to 0.03%, antimony: 0.01 to 0.30%, manganese: 0.10 to 0.80%, titanium: 0.02 to 0.20%, scandium: 0.10 to 0.30%, zirconium: 0.05 to 0.30 percent of aluminum and the balance of aluminum. The ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy obtained by the invention has excellent comprehensive performance and can realize the density of 2.18g/cm 3 Tensile strength of 340MPa, yield strength of 308MPa, and elongation after fracture of 10.4%. The ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy has good strong plasticity, can be used as an advanced lightweight structural material to replace the conventional aluminum alloy member on an aircraft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum lithium alloy processing, and particularly relates to an ultra-light aluminum lithium alloy and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy is used as a light metal structure material, the density is reduced by 3% when 1% of lithium is added into the alloy, if the ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy is used for replacing a conventional aluminum alloy, the structural mass can be reduced by 15% -30%, the elastic modulus is improved by 9%, the rigidity is improved by 15% -20%, and the ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy has great significance for realizing the lightweight of aerospace equipment and has wide application prospect.
The main research and development idea of the ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy is to add high-content Li (0.53 g/cm) into the alloy 3 ) And Mg (1.74 g/cm) 3 ) However, li and Mg are light, easy to oxidize and inflammable in the smelting process, and once the Li content exceeds 3%, the alloy produced by the traditional casting metallurgy method has serious segregation phenomenon.
Although the problems of oxidation and segregation can be effectively solved by adopting a vacuum electromagnetic simulation microgravity smelting technology by Gunn Guihong et Al (see the document Gunn Guihong, dadagan, haoweixin, zhang balance, rock. Microgravity electromagnetic simulation for preparing high-lithium-content aluminum-lithium alloy [ J ]. Special cast and non-ferrous alloy, 2003 (02): 11-13 +3.), the prepared alloy only contains two elements of Al and Li, has poor plasticity, is limited by cost and ingot casting size, is only suitable for laboratory research and cannot be industrially produced.
And when the content of Li and Mg in the aluminum lithium alloy is higher, large-size insoluble brittle phases such as Al can be precipitated on grain boundaries 6 Cu(LiMg) 3 And beta phase (Mg) 5 Al 8 Or Mg 2 Al 3 ) And the like, are harmful to the material properties, and particularly have the problem of poor plasticity. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN 112853172A discloses an ultra-low density aluminum-lithium alloy and a preparation method thereof, in which a higher proportion of Mg element (9-12.5%) is added to the alloy to improve the alloy performance, but because of the existence of more Mg-rich brittle phases on the grain boundary, the plasticity is poor, and the elongation after fracture is only about 6%.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a new ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy and a preparation process suitable for industrial production to solve the problem of layering segregation of alloy components and improve the plasticity of the alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the ultralight aluminum lithium alloy, which solves the problems of oxidation burning loss and layered segregation caused by high Li and Mg contents by composite microalloying and adopting the processes of vacuum casting, deformation processing, heat treatment and the like, and obtains the ultralight aluminum lithium alloy with good strong plasticity matching.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ultralight aluminum lithium alloy.
Based on the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: lithium: 3.0 to 8.0 percent, magnesium: 3.0-9.0%, beryllium: 0.01 to 0.03 percent, antimony: 0.01 to 0.30%, manganese: 0.10 to 0.80%, titanium: 0.02 to 0.20%, scandium: 0.10 to 0.30%, zirconium: 0.05 to 0.30 percent, and the balance of aluminum.
The preparation method of the ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Proportioning according to the mass percentage of each component in the alloy; smelting the prepared raw materials in an argon atmosphere at the temperature of 720-860 ℃ to obtain molten metal;
(2) Refining the molten metal obtained in the step (1) at 700-770 ℃ for 10-20 min under argon atmosphere, standing at 710-770 ℃ for 10-20 min to obtain casting liquid, and casting and molding the casting liquid to obtain a cast ingot; carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on the obtained cast ingot in an argon atmosphere to obtain a homogenized cast ingot;
(3) Removing a surface oxide layer from the ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (2), preheating to 400-470 ℃, forging and cogging, and obtaining a forging with the diameter of 200-380 mm by adopting a small-deformation multi-pass forging process;
(4) Removing the surface oxide layer of the forged piece obtained in the step (3), then loading the forged piece into an extruder, and extruding at the temperature of 400-470 ℃ to obtain an extruded plate blank;
(5) And (4) carrying out hot rolling on the plate blank obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 400-480 ℃, and finally obtaining a finished plate with the single-pass reduction of 5-10%.
Specifically, the smelting process in the step (1) comprises the following steps: the prepared raw materials are put into a vacuum induction smelting furnace, the vacuum induction smelting furnace is vacuumized until the vacuum degree in the furnace is 0.1-10 Pa, then argon is introduced until the pressure in the furnace reaches 200-350 Pa, then the temperature is raised to 720-860 ℃, the temperature is maintained until molten metal is obtained, and electromagnetic stirring is carried out in the smelting process.
Specifically, mechanical stirring is carried out in the refining process in the step (2), and the homogenization annealing treatment conditions in the step (2) are as follows: firstly, keeping the temperature at 400-490 ℃ for 12-60 h, and then cooling to room temperature in the air.
Specifically, the casting molding process in the step (2) is to cast the casting liquid into a water-cooled mold for cooling and solidification, wherein the cooling rate is 200-300 ℃/s.
Specifically, in the step (3), the multi-pass forging process is carried out for 5 to 8 times, and the tempering is carried out after the forging at the temperature of 400 to 470 ℃ each time.
Specifically, in the step (4), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion forming process is 5-20, and the extrusion speed is not more than 1.5mm/s.
Further, the preparation method further comprises the step of carrying out post-treatment on the plate blank obtained in the step (5), wherein the post-treatment comprises the following steps: and (4) carrying out solution treatment on the plate blank obtained in the step (5).
Specifically, the solution treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 60-180 min at the temperature of 400-480 ℃, and then quenching with water.
Preferably, the temperature of the cooling water for water quenching is 40-55 ℃.
The invention further provides an application of the ultralight aluminum-lithium alloy in preparing an aircraft case shell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention designs an ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy with high Li and Mg contents by optimizing alloy components, simultaneously adds a proper amount of trace elements and modifiers such as Al-5Ti-1B, be, sb and the like, and introduces Al which is coherent with a matrix 3 Sc、Al 3 (Sc x ,Zr 1-x )、Al 3 Zr and other heterogeneous nucleation points, and a water-cooled copper mold is utilized to improve the solidification speed and refine the as-cast structure; the coarse and large phases are crushed through multi-pass forging, multiple intermediate tempering is utilized to promote the crushed phases to be fully dissolved back, then the deformation is continuously increased by adopting extrusion and rolling, the grain structure is refined, and the strong plasticity of the alloy is improved.
2. Mn elementThe element can form a large amount of Al dispersed in the matrix 6 Mn pins the subgrain boundary, inhibits the occurrence of recovery and dynamic recrystallization, retains the subgrain structure with high dislocation density, and plays a role in dispersion strengthening; meanwhile, the solid solubility of Sc is reduced due to the solid solution of Mn element into alpha (Al), so that more Al is precipitated from the alloy 3 Sc、Al 3 (Sc x ,Zr 1-x )、Al 3 The fine-grained strengthening phases such as Zr inhibit the recrystallization of the alloy in the deformation and heat treatment processes, improve the recrystallization temperature of the alloy and further improve the strong plasticity of the alloy.
3. The invention adopts vacuum melting and casting technology to effectively reduce oxidation burning loss, solves the problem of layered segregation by electromagnetic stirring and mechanical stirring, prepares alloy ingot blanks with high purity and improves the natural defect of poor alloy plasticity.
4. The invention adopts a forging cogging mode to break the grain structure and the coarse phase of the original cast ingot, promotes the dissolution of the broken phase by tempering for many times, and then solves the problems of poor alloy plasticity and large deformation resistance by high-temperature slow extrusion, further refines the grains and effectively improves the alloy plasticity.
5. According to the invention, the solid solution state is selected as the final finished product state, the ultralight aluminum-lithium alloy material with good strong plasticity matching is obtained, the product with excellent comprehensive performance is finally obtained, and the density can be realized at 2.18-2.40g/cm 3 Tensile strength of 340-463MPa, yield strength of 308-440MPa, and elongation after fracture of 7.2-10.4%. The ultralight aluminum-lithium alloy has good strength and plasticity, can be used as an advanced lightweight structural material to replace conventional aluminum alloy components on an aircraft, and achieves a weight reduction effect of 25%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic image of an ingot obtained in step (2) of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific examples, but the examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the examples do not indicate specific techniques or conditions, and are performed according to techniques or conditions described in documents in the art or according to product specifications, and the raw materials used in the examples are all commonly available products.
Wherein the raw materials comprise high-purity aluminum ingots (not less than 99.996%), pure lithium ingots (not less than 99.9%), pure magnesium ingots (not less than 99.95%), and pure Sb (not less than 99.7%), and the intermediate alloy adopts AlMn10, alTi10, alBe3, alSc2 and AlZr10.
Example 1
An ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: li:5%, mg:4.5%, mn:0.6%, ti:0.1%, sb:0.05%, be:0.01%, sc:0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the ultralight aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Proportioning according to the mass percentage of each component in the alloy; placing the prepared raw materials into a vacuum induction melting furnace, preheating to 100 ℃, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 10Pa, introducing high-purity argon until the pressure in the furnace reaches 300Pa, heating to 730 ℃, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring melting under the argon atmosphere to obtain molten metal;
(2) Refining the molten metal obtained in the step (1) for 15min at 730 ℃ in an argon atmosphere, and keeping mechanical stirring during refining; standing at 730 ℃ for 10min, casting the molten metal into a cylindrical water-cooled copper mould with the diameter of 350mm, cooling and solidifying at the cooling rate of 300 ℃/s, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cast ingot;
(3) Putting the ingot obtained in the step (2) into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing, introducing argon, and carrying out homogenization annealing to obtain a homogenized ingot; wherein the homogenizing annealing conditions are as follows: firstly, preserving heat for 40 hours at 400 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in the air;
(4) Turning the cast ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (3) to remove a surface oxide layer, preheating to 420 ℃, forging and cogging, and forging with small deformation by adopting a three-pier three-drawing process to obtain a forging piece with the diameter of 350 mm;
(5) After removing the surface oxide layer of the forged piece obtained in the step (4), preheating to 420 ℃, and then loading the forged piece into an extruder for extrusion to obtain an extruded plate blank, wherein the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 1.5mm/s, so that a plate blank with the thickness of 60mm is obtained;
(6) Carrying out hot rolling on the plate blank obtained in the step (5) at the temperature of 420 ℃, wherein the single-pass reduction is 10%, and finally obtaining a plate with the thickness of 5 mm;
(7) Carrying out solution treatment on the plate obtained in the step (6), wherein the solution treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 430 ℃ for 60min, and then quenching with water at 45 ℃ to obtain the product.
The gold phase diagram of the ingot obtained in step (2) of example 1 is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the plate grains are equiaxed, fine and uniform, and there are no large eutectic phases of metals near the grain boundaries.
Example 2
An ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: li:4.5%, mg:4%, mn:0.6%, ti:0.1%, sb:0.05%, be:0.01%, sc:0.2%, zr:0.1 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the ultralight aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Proportioning according to the mass percentage of each component in the alloy; placing the prepared raw materials into a vacuum induction melting furnace, preheating to 100 ℃, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 10Pa, introducing high-purity argon until the pressure in the furnace reaches 300Pa, heating to 750 ℃, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring melting under the argon atmosphere to obtain molten metal;
(2) Refining the molten metal obtained in the step (1) for 15min at 750 ℃ in an argon atmosphere, and keeping mechanical stirring during refining; standing at 750 ℃ for 10min, casting the molten metal into a cylindrical water-cooled copper mould with the diameter of 350mm, cooling and solidifying at the cooling rate of 300 ℃/s, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot;
(3) Putting the ingot obtained in the step (2) into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing, introducing argon, and carrying out homogenization annealing to obtain a homogenized ingot; wherein the homogenizing annealing conditions are as follows: firstly, preserving heat at 420 ℃ for 24 hours, and then cooling to room temperature in the air;
(4) Turning the cast ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (3) to remove a surface oxide layer, preheating to 430 ℃ for forging cogging, and forging with small deformation by adopting a three-pier three-drawing process to obtain a forging with the diameter of 350 mm;
(5) After removing the surface oxide layer of the forged piece obtained in the step (4), preheating to 430 ℃, and then loading the forged piece into an extruder for extrusion to obtain an extruded plate blank, wherein the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 1.5mm/s, so that a plate blank with the thickness of 60mm is obtained;
(6) Carrying out hot rolling on the plate blank obtained in the step (5) at the temperature of 430 ℃, wherein the single-pass reduction is 10%, and finally obtaining a plate with the thickness of 5 mm;
(7) Carrying out solution treatment on the plate obtained in the step (6), wherein the solution treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 440 deg.C for 60min, and water quenching at 45 deg.C.
Example 3
An ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: li:3.2%, mg:4%, mn:0.6%, ti:0.1%, sb:0.05%, be:0.01%, sc:0.2%, zr:0.1 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the ultralight aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Proportioning according to the mass percentage of each component in the alloy; placing the prepared raw materials into a vacuum induction melting furnace, preheating to 100 ℃, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 10Pa, introducing high-purity argon until the pressure in the furnace reaches 300Pa, heating to 740 ℃, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring melting under the argon atmosphere to obtain molten metal;
(2) Refining the molten metal obtained in the step (1) for 15min in an argon atmosphere at 770 ℃, and keeping mechanical stirring during refining; standing at 770 ℃ for 10min, casting the molten metal into a cylindrical water-cooled copper mould with the diameter of 350mm, cooling and solidifying at the cooling rate of 300 ℃/s, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cast ingot;
(3) Putting the ingot obtained in the step (2) into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing, introducing argon, and carrying out homogenization annealing to obtain a homogenized ingot; wherein the homogenizing annealing conditions are as follows: preserving heat for 24 hours at 430 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in the air;
(4) Turning the homogenized ingot obtained in the step (3) to remove a surface oxide layer, preheating to 450 ℃ for forging cogging, and forging with small deformation by adopting a three-pier three-drawing process to obtain a forging piece with the diameter of 350 mm;
(5) After removing the surface oxide layer of the forged piece obtained in the step (4), preheating to 450 ℃, and then loading the forged piece into an extruder for extrusion to obtain an extruded plate blank, wherein the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 1.5mm/s, so that a plate blank with the thickness of 60mm is obtained;
(6) Carrying out hot rolling on the plate blank obtained in the step (5) at the temperature of 450 ℃, wherein the single-pass reduction is 10%, and finally obtaining a plate with the thickness of 5 mm;
(7) Carrying out solution treatment on the plate obtained in the step (6), wherein the solution treatment process comprises the following steps: preserving heat at 460 deg.C for 60min, and water quenching at 45 deg.C.
Example 4
An ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: li:2.1%, mg:8%, mn:0.6%, ti:0.1%, sb:0.05%, be:0.01%, sc:0.2%, zr:0.1 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the ultralight aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Proportioning according to the mass percentage of each component in the alloy; placing the prepared raw materials into a vacuum induction melting furnace, preheating to 100 ℃, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 10Pa, introducing high-purity argon until the pressure in the furnace reaches 300Pa, heating to 750 ℃, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring melting under the argon atmosphere to obtain molten metal;
(2) Refining the molten metal obtained in the step (1) for 15min in an argon atmosphere at 770 ℃, and keeping mechanical stirring during refining; standing at 770 ℃ for 10min, casting the molten metal into a cylindrical water-cooled copper mould with the diameter of 350mm, cooling and solidifying at the cooling rate of 300 ℃/s, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cast ingot;
(3) Putting the ingot obtained in the step (2) into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing, introducing argon, and carrying out homogenization annealing to obtain a homogenized ingot; wherein the homogenizing annealing conditions are as follows: firstly, preserving heat for 20 hours at 440 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in the air;
(4) Turning the homogenized ingot obtained in the step (3) to remove a surface oxide layer, preheating to 460 ℃ for forging cogging, and forging with small deformation by adopting a three-pier three-drawing process to obtain a forging with the diameter of 350 mm;
(5) After removing the surface oxide layer of the forged piece obtained in the step (4), preheating to 460 ℃, and then loading the forged piece into an extruder for extrusion to obtain an extruded plate blank, wherein the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 1.5mm/s, so that a plate blank with the thickness of 60mm is obtained;
(6) Carrying out hot rolling on the plate blank obtained in the step (5) at the temperature of 460 ℃, wherein the single-pass reduction is 10%, and finally obtaining a plate with the thickness of 5 mm;
(7) Carrying out solution treatment on the plate obtained in the step (6), wherein the solution treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 480 deg.C for 60min, and water quenching at 45 deg.C.
Comparative example 1
The 1420 aluminum lithium alloy is taken as a comparison group, and compared with the ultralight aluminum lithium alloy, specifically, the 1420 aluminum lithium alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: li:2.1%, mg:5.3%, zr:0.1 percent and the balance of Al.1420 aluminum lithium alloy is prepared by the same method as example 4.
Next, mechanical properties of the samples (the ultra-light aluminum lithium alloys produced in examples 1 to 4 and the 1420 aluminum lithium alloy of comparative example 1) were measured using a SUN10 electronic universal tester, and 3 sets of parallel samples were taken and averaged for each state. The results of the performance tests are shown in table 1.
Table 1 results of performance tests of low density ultra-light aluminum lithium alloys described in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1
| Sample numbering | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Density (g/cm) 3 ) |
| Example 1 | 340 | 308 | 10.4 | 2.18 |
| Example 2 | 385 | 362 | 8.1 | 2.25 |
| Example 3 | 462 | 440 | 7.5 | 2.35 |
| Example 4 | 428 | 400 | 7.2 | 2.40 |
| Comparative example 1 | 460 | 290 | 10.1 | 2.47 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the minimum density of the ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy prepared by the invention is only 2.18g/cm under the condition of the same mechanical property 3 Compared with conventional aluminum alloys (the density is 2.66-2.83 g/cm) such as 5083, 7050 and the like 3 In between) can reduce weight by more than 25%.
Application example 1
As a general structural form applied in the aerospace field, the case shell is usually machined from a whole metal and requires good electromagnetic shielding property and shock absorption property, in the prior art, most of the case shell is made of 2A12 aluminum alloy, but in order to pursue lightweight design, a light metal material with high elastic modulus is urgently needed to replace the light metal material.
The invention prepares an ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy, and the ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy of embodiment 1 of the invention is applied to the case shell, so that the structural strength of the case can reach more than 300MPa, and the plasticity can reach 10%. Because of the elastic modulus is high, can carry out the thin-walled design, in addition self density is low, and the machine case casing subtracts heavy proportion and reaches up to 25%, can realize completely that the replacement of machine case casing with 2A12 aluminum alloy. The ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy has wide application prospect in the field of machine case shells.
While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Various changes or modifications within the scope of the appended claims may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: lithium: 3.0 to 8.0%, magnesium: 3.0 to 9.0%, beryllium: 0.01 to 0.03%, antimony: 0.01 to 0.30%, manganese: 0.10 to 0.80%, titanium: 0.02 to 0.20%, scandium: 0.10 to 0.30%, zirconium: 0.05 to 0.30 percent of aluminum, and the balance of aluminum;
the preparation method of the ultra-light aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Proportioning according to the mass percentage of each component in the alloy; smelting the prepared raw materials in an argon atmosphere at the temperature of 720-860 ℃ to obtain molten metal;
(2) Refining the molten metal obtained in the step (1) in an argon atmosphere at 700-770 ℃ for 10-20min, standing at 710-770 ℃ for 10-20 min to obtain a casting liquid, and casting and molding the casting liquid to obtain an ingot; carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on the obtained cast ingot in an argon atmosphere to obtain a homogenized cast ingot;
(3) Removing a surface oxide layer from the ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (2), preheating to 400-470 ℃, forging and cogging, and obtaining a forging with the diameter of 200-380mm by adopting a small-deformation multi-pass forging process;
(4) Removing the surface oxide layer of the forged piece obtained in the step (3), then loading the forged piece into an extruder, and extruding at the temperature of 400-470 ℃ to obtain an extruded plate blank;
(5) Carrying out hot rolling on the plate blank obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 400-480 ℃, and obtaining a finished plate with the single-pass reduction of 5-10%;
the homogenizing annealing treatment conditions in the step (2) are as follows: preserving heat for 12 to 60h at 400 to 490 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in air;
in the step (3), the multi-pass forging process is carried out for 5 to 8 times, and the tempering is carried out after forging at the temperature of 400 to 470 ℃ each time;
in the step (4), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion forming process is 5-20, and the extrusion speed is not more than 1.5mm/s;
the preparation method also comprises the step of carrying out solution treatment on the plate blank obtained in the step (5); the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 60 to 180min under the temperature condition of 400 to 480 ℃, and then quenching with water.
2. The method for preparing the ultra-light aluminum lithium alloy of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Proportioning according to the mass percentage of each component in the alloy; smelting the prepared raw materials in an argon atmosphere at the temperature of 720-860 ℃ to obtain molten metal;
(2) Refining the molten metal obtained in the step (1) in an argon atmosphere at 700-770 ℃ for 10-20min, standing at 710-770 ℃ for 10-20 min to obtain a casting liquid, and casting and molding the casting liquid to obtain an ingot; carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on the obtained cast ingot in an argon atmosphere to obtain a homogenized cast ingot;
(3) Removing a surface oxide layer from the ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (2), preheating to 400-470 ℃, forging and cogging, and obtaining a forging with the diameter of 200-380mm by adopting a small-deformation multi-pass forging process;
(4) Removing the surface oxide layer of the forged piece obtained in the step (3), then loading the forged piece into an extruder, and extruding at the temperature of 400-470 ℃ to obtain an extruded plate blank;
(5) And (4) carrying out hot rolling on the plate blank obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 400-480 ℃, and finally obtaining a finished plate with the single-pass reduction of 5-10%.
3. The production method according to claim 2, wherein the melting process in the step (1) is: the prepared raw materials are put into a vacuum induction melting furnace, the vacuum degree in the furnace is 0.1 to 10Pa, then argon is introduced until the pressure in the furnace reaches 200 to 350Pa, the temperature is raised to 720 to 860 ℃, and the temperature is maintained until molten metal is obtained.
4. The manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the homogenizing annealing conditions in the step (2) are: preserving the heat at 400 to 490 ℃ for 12 to 60h, and then cooling to room temperature in air.
5. The production method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the extrusion ratio of the extrusion molding process is 5 to 20, and the extrusion speed is not more than 1.5mm/s.
6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising subjecting the slab obtained in step (5) to solution treatment; the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 60 to 180min under the temperature condition of 400 to 480 ℃, and then quenching with water.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the water quenching is carried out at a cooling water temperature of 40 to 55 ℃.
8. Use of the ultra-light aluminum lithium alloy of claim 1 for the manufacture of an aircraft cabin housing.
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| CN115505807B (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2023-06-27 | 郑州轻研合金科技有限公司 | High-specific-strength aluminum lithium alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116875839B (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-12-12 | 山东伟盛铝业有限公司 | Aluminum lithium alloy profile and preparation method thereof |
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