CN113998668A - 超薄二氧化钛纳米片作为光催化剂在太阳能分解木质纤维素制氢的应用 - Google Patents
超薄二氧化钛纳米片作为光催化剂在太阳能分解木质纤维素制氢的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开超薄二氧化钛纳米片作为光催化剂在太阳能分解木质纤维素制氢的应用。所述超薄二氧化钛纳米片通过一种水热合成方法控制二氧化钛的形貌获得较大的高活性暴露面超薄锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片，其呈现典型的二维形貌结构，尺寸在50‑100nm，厚度在2‑3nm。所制备的超薄二氧化钛纳米片可以有效地应用于太阳能光催化分解木质纤维素制备氢气，在光照下驱动木质纤维素和水反应制备氢气。本发明的超薄二氧化钛纳米片光催化剂具有绿色，稳定，制备快速和工艺简单等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新能源转换材料领域，尤其是涉及一种超薄二氧化钛纳米片光催化剂在太阳能光催化分解木质纤维素制备氢气上的应用。
背景技术
由于石油、煤炭等化石燃料的不断消耗，全球环境污染和化石资源枯竭日益严重，不利于人类经济社会的可持续发展。近年来，高能量需求、化石燃料消耗和环境污染已成为全球面临的重大挑战。随着能源和环境污染问题的日益严峻，对污染物的排放规定逐渐严格。而生物质作为地球上最大的可再生碳资源，将是最有希望部分替代化石资源实现可持续生产的选择。木质纤维素是生物质中最丰富的生物可再生资源，具有可持续生产化学燃料的巨大潜力。而光催化制氢作为绿色。许多研究都致力于通过常规的均相和多相催化转化木质纤维素生物质，包括热解、气化、酸催化和氢解，其中一些已经发展成为商业规模的技术。然而，在某些过程中，通常需要热或高温来克服激活势垒。木质纤维素生物质通常具有多个官能团，结果加热可导致高反应温度下有价值的产品的低选择性。因此，利用太阳能的光催化已成为木质纤维素在温和条件下转化为有价值的产品的一种有前景的方法。而实现光催化太阳能到化学能的转化，开发宽光谱响应、高载流子分离效率的光催化材料，是实现太阳能高效光化学转化的前提和基础。目前研究的光催化纤维素制氢催化剂中，TiO2半导体材料在环境治理及能源转化领域受到了广泛关注,TiO2拥有很多优点,例如它的催化活性很高,而且化学性质非常稳定,并且成本很低。但是TiO2基光催化剂的性能需要进一步提高。基于此，本发明提出通过一种简单的水热合成策略制备出超薄的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片的方法并应用于光催化分解木质素产氢领域。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是为了解决如何实现利用太阳能的光催化已成为木质纤维素在温和条件下转化制氢，提供超薄二氧化钛纳米片作为光催化剂在太阳能分解木质纤维素制氢的应用。
所述超薄二氧化钛纳米片通过一种水热合成方法控制二氧化钛的形貌获得较大的高活性暴露面超薄锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片，其呈现典型的二维形貌结构，尺寸在50～100nm，厚度在2～3nm。
作为优选，所述超薄二氧化钛纳米片的制备过程具体是以钛酸四丁酯为原料，氢氟酸为封端剂，乙醇为溶剂，在搅拌后移入高温反应釜，通过水热合成的方法制备。
作为优选，钛酸四丁酯、乙醇、氢氟酸的体积比为(10:10:4)～(10:1:4)。
作为优选，水热合成条件为120～200℃下加热8～24h。
作为优选，所述超薄二氧化钛纳米片的制备过程还包括将水热合成后的产物冷却至室温，然后经过去离子水和0.1～10mol/L NaOH溶液清洗并离心，最后置于真空干燥箱中保持20～100℃干燥1～24h。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种用于太阳能分解木质纤维素制氢的光催化剂，包括上述超薄二氧化钛纳米片。
作为优选，光催化剂还包括助催化剂Pt。
作为优选，助催化剂Pt的负载量为超薄二氧化钛纳米片质量的0.5％-2％，更为优选是1％。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种木质纤维素制氢方法，具体是将上述光催化剂分散在木质素悬浮液中，光照下将木质素和水转化为氢气。
本发明的二氧化钛纳米片是一种稳定、制备快速、工艺简单以及光催化制氢性能优异的光催化剂。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备的超薄二氧化钛纳米片X射线电子衍射图。
图2(a)-(b)分别是本发明制备的超薄二氧化钛纳米片原子力显微镜图及厚度分析。
图3是本发明制备的超薄二氧化钛纳米片光催化剂透射电镜图。
图4是不同Pt助催化剂修饰的超薄二氧化钛纳米片光催化分解α-纤维素制氢性能。
图5是1.0％Pt助催化剂修饰的超薄二氧化钛纳米片光催化分解杨树木屑制氢性能。
具体实施方式
以下将通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述，但本领域技术人员了解，下述实施例不是对本发明保护范围的限制，任何在本发明基础上做出的改进和变化都在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1-1：
在50ml反应釜中加入10ml钛酸四丁酯，4ml氢氟酸，10ml乙醇，搅拌均匀，180℃下加热16h。反应釜冷却至室温后，将产物先后用0.1M NaOH溶液和去离子水离心清洗五次，放入真狠空干燥箱中80℃干燥12h。收集干燥粉末即为二氧化钛纳米片。如图1所示，由X射线电子衍射图像可以证明得到的二氧化钛的晶型，具有良好的晶体结构。如图2(a)-(b)所示，超薄二氧化钛纳米片厚度在2-3nm。如图3二氧化钛纳米片呈现典型的二维形貌结构，尺寸在50-100nm。
实施例2-1：以实施例1-1制备得到的超薄二氧化钛纳米片作为光催化剂，在玻璃反应器中倒入250ml去离子水，100mg光催化剂，1gα-纤维素。以300W的氙灯为光源，测试光催化剂太阳能光催化分解α-纤维素产氢性能。如图4所示。连续测试4h。
实施例2-2：对实施例2-1中光催化剂由实施例1-1制备得到的超薄二氧化钛纳米片，负载不同含量的Pt作为助催化剂，其余条件不变，太阳能光催化分解α-纤维素产氢性能如表1所示。
表1
实施例3-1：对实施例2-1中光催化剂由实施例1-1制备得到的超薄二氧化钛纳米片，负载1.0％Pt作为助催化剂，使用杨树木屑替代α-纤维素，其余条件不变，太阳能光催化分解杨树木屑产氢性能。如图5所示。连续测试4h。
Claims (10)
1.超薄二氧化钛纳米片作为光催化剂在太阳能分解木质纤维素制氢的应用，其特征在于所述超薄二氧化钛纳米片为超薄锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片，其呈现典型的二维形貌结构，尺寸在50～100nm，厚度在2～3nm。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于所述超薄二氧化钛纳米片的制备过程具体是以钛酸四丁酯为原料，氢氟酸为封端剂，乙醇为溶剂，在搅拌后移入高温反应釜，通过水热合成的方法制备。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用，其特征在于钛酸四丁酯、乙醇、氢氟酸的体积比为(10:10:4)～(10:1:4)。
4.如权利要求2所述的应用，其特征在于水热合成条件为120～200℃下加热8～24h。
5.如权利要求2或3或4所述的应用，其特征在于所述超薄二氧化钛纳米片的制备过程还包括将水热合成后的产物冷却至室温，然后经过去离子水和0.1～10mol/LNaOH溶液清洗并离心，最后置于真空干燥箱中保持20～100℃干燥1～24h。
6.一种用于太阳能分解木质纤维素制氢的光催化剂，包括超薄锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片；所述超薄锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片呈现典型的二维形貌结构，尺寸在50～100nm，厚度在2～3nm。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种用于太阳能分解木质纤维素制氢的光催化剂，其特征在于光催化剂还包括助催化剂Pt。
8.如权利要求7所述的一种用于太阳能分解木质纤维素制氢的光催化剂，其特征在于助催化剂Pt的负载量为超薄二氧化钛纳米片质量的0.5％～2％。
9.如权利要求8所述的一种用于太阳能分解木质纤维素制氢的光催化剂，其特征在于助催化剂Pt的负载量为超薄二氧化钛纳米片质量的1％。
10.一种木质纤维素制氢方法，具体是将上述光催化剂分散在木质素悬浮液中，光照下将木质素和水转化为氢气。
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