CN113980353A - 一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂 - Google Patents
一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及环保阻燃剂技术领域，且公开了一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，包括以下重量份数配比的原料：5‑20份的表面改性剂、10‑30份的表面活性剂、150‑230份的次磷酸铝、40‑50份的水滑石类化合物、60‑80份的氢氧化物阻燃剂、40‑70份的溴系阻燃剂与5‑10份的铁粉，所述表面改性剂为钛酸酯偶联剂和铝酸脂偶联剂中的至少一种，所述表面改性剂的重量份数为10‑15份，所述表面活性剂为阳离子改性淀粉，所述表面活性剂的重量份数为5‑10份。该环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，可用于不同材料的混配阻燃，提高材料的阻燃性能，同时可对接触明火时产生的烟气进行有效抑制，有效降低次磷酸铝高温下形成的磷化氢气体浓度，避免其对人体造成较大危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保阻燃剂技术领域，具体为一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂。
背景技术
随着全球安全环保意识的日益加强，人们对防火安全及制品阻燃的要求越来越高，无卤、低烟、低毒的环保型阻燃剂已成为人们追求的目标，次磷酸铝作为环保阻燃剂的一种，其热稳定性好，在加工中不引起聚合物的分解，也不影响塑料模制组合物，微溶于水，在制备和加工热塑聚合物的通常条件下不挥发，使其应用产品具有较高的热稳定性，在加工过程中具有较好的机械性能和较好的抗侯性,含有次磷酸铝的聚合物组合物呈现较高的阻燃性。
次磷酸铝阻燃剂相容性较差，易分布不均，主要应用于工程塑料，存在一定的使用局限性，同时其遇到外界温度较高时会发生分解，产生剧毒的磷化氢气体，人体吸入磷化氢气体后，会对心脏、呼吸系统、肾、肠胃、神经系统和肝脏造成影响，故而提出了一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂来解决上述提出的问题。
发明内容
（一）解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，具备相容性好等优点，解决了次磷酸铝阻燃剂相容性较差，易分布不均，主要应用于工程塑料，存在一定的使用局限性，同时其遇到外界温度较高时会发生分解，产生剧毒的磷化氢气体，人体吸入磷化氢气体后，会对心脏、呼吸系统、肾、肠胃、神经系统和肝脏造成影响的问题。
（二）技术方案
为实现上述相容性好的目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，包括以下重量份数配比的原料：5-20份的表面改性剂、10-30份的表面活性剂、150-230份的次磷酸铝、40-50份的水滑石类化合物、60-80份的氢氧化物阻燃剂、40-70份的溴系阻燃剂与5-10份的铁粉。
本发明的有益效果是：
该环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，加入的表面改性剂可在塑料配混中，改善合成树脂与无机填充剂或增强材料的界面性能，降低合成树脂熔体的粘度，改善填充剂的分散度以提高加工性能，进而使制品获得良好的表面质量及机械、热和电性能，加入的表面活性剂有良好的乳化作用、凝聚作用和分散作用，设置的水滑石类化合物，经插层组装可使水滑石类化合物的层间具有丰富的阻燃性物种CO32-和结晶水，在受热燃烧时，释放阻燃性气体CO2起到隔绝氧气和降低材料表面温度的作用，同时水滑石类化合物在表面形成凝聚相，阻止燃烧面扩展，水滑石类化合物受热分解后，借助纳米尺寸在材料内部形成高分散的大比表面固体碱，对磷化氢具有一定的吸附作用，并对产生的酸性气体进行强吸附，从而起到优异的抑烟作用，加入的铁粉，可在次磷酸铝接触外界高温产生磷化氢时，在高温作用下与磷化氢接触反应，降低空气中的磷化氢含量，本次磷酸铝阻燃剂具有较强的相容性，可用于不同材料的混配阻燃，提高材料的阻燃性能，同时可对接触明火时产生的烟气进行有效抑制，有效降低次磷酸铝高温下形成的磷化氢气体浓度，避免其对人体造成较大危害。
进一步，所述表面改性剂为钛酸酯偶联剂和铝酸脂偶联剂中的至少一种，所述表面改性剂的重量份数为10-15份。
其中，钛酸酯偶联剂在热塑性塑料、热固性塑料及橡胶等填料体系中都具有较好的偶联效果，铝酸脂偶联剂可针对无机粉末进行表面活性改造，增加无机粉体与有机树脂的界面相容性。
进一步，所述表面活性剂为阳离子改性淀粉，所述表面活性剂的重量份数为5-10份。
其中，以阳离子改性淀粉作为表面活性剂，具有良好的乳化、分散和絮凝性能，可使阻燃剂与树脂等原料融合效果更好，并增加原料的保水能力。
进一步，所述氢氧化物阻燃剂为氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁中的至少一种，所述氢氧化物阻燃剂的重量份数为65-75份。
其中，氢氧化铝与氢氧化镁，氢氧化铝作为阻燃剂不仅能阻燃，而且可以防止发烟、不产生滴下物、不产生有毒气体，氢氧化镁是塑料、橡胶制品优良的阻燃剂。
进一步，所述溴系阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷、溴化环氧树脂与溴化聚苯乙烯中的至少一种，所述溴系阻燃剂的重量份数为50-60份。
其中，十溴二苯乙烷热稳定性好，抗紫外线性能佳，较其他溴系阻燃剂的渗出性低，溴化环氧树脂是分子结构里含溴元素具有自熄功能的环氧树脂，又称含溴环氧树脂，溴代环氧树脂，广泛添加于树脂等制品中，溴化聚苯乙烯具有高阻燃性、热稳定性及光稳定性等良好的机械物理和化学性质，广泛应用于尼龙等工程塑料中。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一：
一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，包括以下原料：13Kg的表面改性剂、20Kg的表面活性剂、180Kg的次磷酸铝、45Kg的水滑石类化合物、70Kg的氢氧化物阻燃剂、55Kg的溴系阻燃剂与8Kg的铁粉，所述表面改性剂为钛酸酯偶联剂和铝酸脂偶联剂中的至少一种，钛酸酯偶联剂在热塑性塑料、热固性塑料及橡胶等填料体系中都具有较好的偶联效果，铝酸脂偶联剂可针对无机粉末进行表面活性改造，增加无机粉体与有机树脂的界面相容性，所述表面活性剂为阳离子改性淀粉，以阳离子改性淀粉作为表面活性剂，具有良好的乳化、分散和絮凝性能，可使阻燃剂与树脂等原料融合效果更好，并增加原料的保水能力，所述氢氧化物阻燃剂为氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁中的至少一种，氢氧化铝与氢氧化镁，氢氧化铝作为阻燃剂不仅能阻燃，而且可以防止发烟、不产生滴下物、不产生有毒气体，氢氧化镁是塑料、橡胶制品优良的阻燃剂，所述溴系阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷、溴化环氧树脂与溴化聚苯乙烯中的至少一种，十溴二苯乙烷热稳定性好，抗紫外线性能佳，较其他溴系阻燃剂的渗出性低，溴化环氧树脂是分子结构里含溴元素具有自熄功能的环氧树脂，又称含溴环氧树脂，溴代环氧树脂，广泛添加于树脂等制品中，溴化聚苯乙烯具有高阻燃性、热稳定性及光稳定性等良好的机械物理和化学性质，广泛应用于尼龙等工程塑料中，加入的表面改性剂可在塑料配混中，改善合成树脂与无机填充剂或增强材料的界面性能，降低合成树脂熔体的粘度，改善填充剂的分散度以提高加工性能，进而使制品获得良好的表面质量及机械、热和电性能，加入的表面活性剂有良好的乳化作用、凝聚作用和分散作用，设置的水滑石类化合物，经插层组装可使水滑石类化合物的层间具有丰富的阻燃性物种CO32-和结晶水，在受热燃烧时，释放阻燃性气体CO2起到隔绝氧气和降低材料表面温度的作用，同时水滑石类化合物在表面形成凝聚相，阻止燃烧面扩展，水滑石类化合物受热分解后，借助纳米尺寸在材料内部形成高分散的大比表面固体碱，对磷化氢具有一定的吸附作用，并对产生的酸性气体进行强吸附，从而起到优异的抑烟作用，加入的铁粉，可在次磷酸铝接触外界高温产生磷化氢时，在高温作用下与磷化氢接触反应，降低空气中的磷化氢含量。
实施例二：
在实施例一的基础上，表面改性剂选用钛酸酯偶联剂，氢氧化物阻燃剂选用氢氧化镁，溴系阻燃剂选用溴化聚苯乙烯，可有效提高与工程塑料的相容性，相容更为均匀，有效发挥阻燃性能。
实施例三：
在实施例一的基础上，选用230Kg的次磷酸铝、80Kg的氢氧化物阻燃剂、70Kg的溴系阻燃剂与10Kg的铁粉，铁粉根据次磷酸铝的用量进行适当调整，增加组分的次磷酸铝、氢氧化物阻燃剂与溴系阻燃剂可增强阻燃效果，但其相容性将小幅下降。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (5)
1.一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数配比的原料：5-20份的表面改性剂、10-30份的表面活性剂、150-230份的次磷酸铝、40-50份的水滑石类化合物、60-80份的氢氧化物阻燃剂、40-70份的溴系阻燃剂与5-10份的铁粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述表面改性剂为钛酸酯偶联剂和铝酸脂偶联剂中的至少一种，所述表面改性剂的重量份数为10-15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为阳离子改性淀粉，所述表面活性剂的重量份数为5-10份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述氢氧化物阻燃剂为氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁中的至少一种，所述氢氧化物阻燃剂的重量份数为65-75份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保次磷酸铝阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述溴系阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷、溴化环氧树脂与溴化聚苯乙烯中的至少一种，所述溴系阻燃剂的重量份数为50-60份。
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