CN113979769B - 一种刚性超薄隔热材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
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Abstract
本发明公开一种刚性超薄隔热材料及其制备方法,属于隔热材料制备技术领域,该刚性超薄隔热材料包括刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体和渗入到基体表面以内的有机硅致密层,基体厚度0.3‑2mm,致密层厚度不大于0.2mm,热导率低,密度小,压缩强度大,弯曲强度大,在300℃高真空环境下不分解、不产气。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于隔热材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种刚性超薄隔热材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
航天领域的电子元器件对隔热材料的耐热温度、高温热分解性能、绝缘性能、力学性能等有着特殊需求,例如某些电子元件的隔热板要求同时满足以下性能:热导率不低于0.08W/(mk),密度小于0.5g/cm3,压缩强度大于2MPa,弯曲强度大于10MPa,表面具有不大于0.2mm的致密化层且整体厚度0.4-0.8mm可调,在300℃高真空环境下不分解、不产气等。目前,市面上没有能够同时满足上述性能需求的材料,且此类材料的制备技术未见文献报道,航天电子领域对具有此类性能的隔热材料需求迫切。常见的隔热材料如气凝胶、聚酰亚胺等皆因存在较大的性能缺陷而不能满足使用需求,例如气凝胶材料存在较严重的掉粉问题,无法在高真空度、高清洁度的真空环境下使用,且力学性能及尺寸精度无法满足使用需求;聚酰亚胺材料的热导率、密度则均不满足要求。已公开专利CN112151918A公开了一种隔热膜及其制备方法及应用,其致密化方式为塑封,所用塑料类材料PE膜、PP膜、PET耐热温度低于200℃,铝膜高导热、导电,且塑封膜包裹在隔热材料外侧,受破坏后会剥离脱落。其隔热材料采用的是模压成形,属于简单物理成形,材料易松散,且不能证明为刚性材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有隔热材料的各项性能无法同时满足航天电子领域某些元器件对隔热材料的特殊需求,提出一种电子用刚性超薄隔热材料及其制备方法。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种刚性超薄隔热材料,包括刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体和渗入到基体表面以内的有机硅致密层,基体厚度0.3-2mm,致密层厚度不大于0.2mm。
一种刚性超薄隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)称取短切陶瓷纤维与助剂,在乙醇中充分混合,然后在滤网上进行过滤,得到厚度均匀掺杂助剂的纤维湿毡,再在通风处自然晾干后,得到纤维毡;
2)将纤维毡平铺于高温马弗炉中,纤维毡的上方和下方分别平铺不少于2层的陶瓷布;其中纤维毡铺设一层或多层,若为多层,则在每层纤维毡之间平铺不少于2层的陶瓷布;
3)在平铺好的纤维毡的最上方放置陶瓷平板,使纤维毡厚度被压缩至预设厚度,固定陶瓷平板的位置不动;
4)开启高温马弗炉,将温度升至700~1100℃,保温1~5h后降至室温,将马弗炉中烧结完毕的纤维毡取出,得到所述预设厚度的刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体;
5)将刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体摆放于清洁平台上,基体表面均匀流延覆盖厚度为0.1~0.2mm的有机硅胶;再在基体表面覆盖一层脱模布,然后覆盖一层真空袋,检测完气密性无误后抽真空,使脱模布、真空袋紧密贴合在基体表面;
6)采用改制后的刮胶板在真空袋的外表面反复滑动挤压,使基体表面的有机硅胶在真空压力及滑动挤压力的综合作用下全部浸入基体内部,然后整体转移至20-90℃的环境中干燥 6-48小时,最后将真空袋、脱模布拆除,得到单面致密化的刚性超薄隔热材料。
进一步地,所述陶瓷纤维优选石英纤维。
进一步地,所述预设厚度为0.3~2mm。
进一步地,所述短切陶瓷纤维与助剂的质量比为100:(1~10)。
进一步地,所述助剂为氮化硼、碳化硼、四硼化硅、六硼化硅中的一种。
进一步地,所述滤网的尺寸与要制备的刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体的平面尺寸相一致。
进一步地,所述陶瓷布为氧化铝布、氧化锆布中的一种。
进一步地,所述陶瓷平板为氧化铝板、碳化硅板、氧化锆板中的一种。
进一步地,所述有机硅胶包括红胶、白胶、黑胶、粉胶、甲基苯基有机硅树脂中的一种,或者为其他有机硅胶;所述有机硅胶无溶剂稀释。
进一步地,所述改制后的刮胶板的改制是指:将刮胶板用于刮胶的一端的锋利边缘进行倒圆角处理,圆角半径不小于2mm。
本发明为原位固化,耐温300℃以上且绝缘,致密材料浸渍于隔热材料基体内部,而非包裹在表面,隔热材料通过烧结成形,是通过化学成形的刚性材料。本发明制备的刚性超薄隔热材料,热导率不高于0.08W/(mk),密度不大于0.5g/cm3,压缩强度不小于2MPa,弯曲强度不小于10MPa,在300℃高真空环境下不分解、不产气,可以在高清洁、高真空环境下使用,不掉粉,性能优异,应用前景广阔。本发明提出的刚性超薄隔热材料的制备方法,流程简单,容易操作,使用现有的马弗炉、烘箱、真空泵等设备即可实现制备,无需新增复杂设备,成本低,可实现大批量生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种刚性超薄隔热材料的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举实施例,并配合所附图作详细说明如下。
实施例1
制备一种刚性超薄隔热材料,如图1所示,基体厚度0.3mm,致密层厚度0.1mm,密度0.5g/cm3。制备步骤如下:
1)称取6g石英纤维和0.36g氮化硼,在0.22L乙醇中充分混合,然后在滤网(滤网面积 200mm*200mm)上进行过滤,得到厚度均匀掺杂助剂的纤维湿毡,再在通风处自然晾干后,得到纤维毡;
2)将纤维毡平铺于高温马弗炉中,铺设一层纤维毡,其上方和下方分别平铺2层的陶瓷布;
3)在平铺好的纤维毡的最上方放置陶瓷平板,使纤维毡厚度被压缩至0.3mm,固定陶瓷平板的位置不动;
4)开启高温马弗炉,将温度升至1100℃,保温3h后降至室温,将马弗炉中烧结完毕的纤维毡取出,得到所述预设厚度的刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体;
5)将刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体摆放于清洁平台上,基体表面均匀流延覆盖厚度为0.1mm 的有机硅胶;再在基体表面覆盖一层脱模布,然后覆盖一层真空袋,检测完气密性无误后抽真空,使脱模布、真空袋紧密贴合在基体表面;
6)采用改制后的刮胶板在真空袋的外表面反复滑动挤压,使基体表面的有机硅胶在真空压力及滑动挤压力的综合作用下全部浸入基体内部,然后整体转移至20℃的环境中干燥48 小时,最后将真空袋、脱模布拆除,得到单面致密化的刚性超薄隔热材料。
制备的刚性超薄隔热材料测试的性能为:热导率0.058W/(mK),密度0.49g/cm3,压缩强度2.5MPa,弯曲强度13MPa,在300℃高真空环境下不分解、不产气。
实施例2
制备一种刚性超薄隔热材料,基体厚度2mm,致密层厚度0.1mm,密度0.5g/cm3。制备步骤如下:
1)称取10g石英纤维和0.4g氮化硼,在1.33L乙醇中充分混合,然后在滤网(滤网面积 200mm*200mm)上进行过滤,得到厚度均匀掺杂助剂的纤维湿毡,再在通风处自然晾干后,得到纤维毡;
2)将纤维毡平铺于高温马弗炉中,铺设一层纤维毡,其上方和下方分别平铺3层的陶瓷布;
3)在平铺好的纤维毡的最上方放置陶瓷平板,使纤维毡厚度被压缩至2mm,固定陶瓷平板的位置不动;
4)开启高温马弗炉,将温度升至1100℃,保温1h后降至室温,将马弗炉中烧结完毕的纤维毡取出,得到所述预设厚度的刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体;
5)将刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体摆放于清洁平台上,基体表面均匀流延覆盖厚度为0.1mm 的有机硅胶;再在基体表面覆盖一层脱模布,然后覆盖一层真空袋,检测完气密性无误后抽真空,使脱模布、真空袋紧密贴合在基体表面;
6)采用改制后的刮胶板在真空袋的外表面反复滑动挤压,使基体表面的有机硅胶在真空压力及滑动挤压力的综合作用下全部浸入基体内部,然后整体转移至90℃的环境中干燥6小时,最后将真空袋、脱模布拆除,得到单面致密化的刚性超薄隔热材料。
制备的刚性超薄隔热材料测试的性能为:热导率0.059W/(mK),密度0.51g/cm3,压缩强度2.6MPa,弯曲强度13.5MPa,在300℃高真空环境下不分解、不产气。
实施例3
制备一种刚性超薄隔热材料,基体厚度2mm,致密层厚度0.2mm,密度0.3g/cm3。制备步骤如下:
1)称取24g石英纤维和1.44g四硼化硅,在0.88L乙醇中充分混合,然后在滤网(滤网面积200mm*200mm)上进行过滤,得到厚度均匀掺杂助剂的纤维湿毡,再在通风处自然晾干后,得到纤维毡;
2)将纤维毡平铺于高温马弗炉中,铺设二层纤维毡,其上方和下方分别平铺3层的陶瓷布,二层纤维毡之间平铺2层的陶瓷布;
3)在平铺好的纤维毡的最上方放置陶瓷平板,使纤维毡厚度被压缩至2mm,固定陶瓷平板的位置不动;
4)开启高温马弗炉,将温度升至700℃,保温5h后降至室温,将马弗炉中烧结完毕的纤维毡取出,得到所述预设厚度的刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体;
5)将刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体摆放于清洁平台上,基体表面均匀流延覆盖厚度为0.15mm 的有机硅胶;再在基体表面覆盖一层脱模布,然后覆盖一层真空袋,检测完气密性无误后抽真空,使脱模布、真空袋紧密贴合在基体表面;
6)采用改制后的刮胶板在真空袋的外表面反复滑动挤压,使基体表面的有机硅胶在真空压力及滑动挤压力的综合作用下全部浸入基体内部,然后整体转移至80℃的环境中干燥30 小时,最后将真空袋、脱模布拆除,得到单面致密化的刚性超薄隔热材料。
制备的刚性超薄隔热材料测试的性能为:热导率0.048W/(mK),密度0.30g/cm3,压缩强度2.0MPa,弯曲强度10.2MPa,在300℃高真空环境下不分解、不产气。
实施例4
制备一种刚性超薄隔热材料,基体厚度1mm,致密层厚度0.2mm,密度0.4g/cm3。制备步骤如下:
1)称取16g石英纤维和1.6g六硼化硅,在0.59L乙醇中充分混合,然后在滤网(滤网面积200mm*200mm)上进行过滤,得到厚度均匀掺杂助剂的纤维湿毡,再在通风处自然晾干后,得到纤维毡;
2)将纤维毡平铺于高温马弗炉中,铺设二层纤维毡,其上方和下方分别平铺2层的陶瓷布,二层纤维毡之间平铺3层的陶瓷布;
3)在平铺好的纤维毡的最上方放置陶瓷平板,使纤维毡厚度被压缩至1mm,固定陶瓷平板的位置不动;
4)开启高温马弗炉,将温度升至900℃,保温5h后降至室温,将马弗炉中烧结完毕的纤维毡取出,得到所述预设厚度的刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体;
5)将刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体摆放于清洁平台上,基体表面均匀流延覆盖厚度为0.2mm 的有机硅胶;再在基体表面覆盖一层脱模布,然后覆盖一层真空袋,检测完气密性无误后抽真空,使脱模布、真空袋紧密贴合在基体表面;
6)采用改制后的刮胶板在真空袋的外表面反复滑动挤压,使基体表面的有机硅胶在真空压力及滑动挤压力的综合作用下全部浸入基体内部,然后整体转移至70℃的环境中干燥24 小时,最后将真空袋、脱模布拆除,得到单面致密化的刚性超薄隔热材料。
制备的刚性超薄隔热材料测试的性能为:热导率0.055W/(mK),密度0.41g/cm3,压缩强度2.3MPa,弯曲强度11.5MPa,在300℃高真空环境下不分解、不产气。
虽然本发明已以实施例公开如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的适当修改或者等同替换,均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围内,本发明的保护范围以权利要求所限定者为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种刚性超薄隔热材料,其特征在于,包括刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体和渗入到基体表面以内的有机硅致密层,基体厚度0.3-2mm,致密层厚度不大于0.2mm;
所述刚性超薄隔热材料通过以下步骤制备得到:
1)称取短切陶瓷纤维与助剂,所述助剂为氮化硼、碳化硼、四硼化硅、六硼化硅中的一种,在乙醇中充分混合,然后在滤网上进行过滤,得到厚度均匀掺杂助剂的纤维湿毡,再在通风处自然晾干后,得到纤维毡;
2)将纤维毡平铺于高温马弗炉中,纤维毡的上方和下方分别平铺不少于2层的陶瓷布;其中纤维毡铺设一层或多层,若为多层,则在每层纤维毡之间平铺不少于2层的陶瓷布;
3)在平铺好的纤维毡的最上方放置陶瓷平板,使纤维毡厚度被压缩至预设厚度,固定陶瓷平板的位置不动;
4)开启高温马弗炉,将温度升至700~1100℃,保温1~5h后降至室温,将马弗炉中烧结完毕的纤维毡取出,得到所述预设厚度的刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体;
5)将刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体摆放于清洁平台上,基体表面均匀流延覆盖厚度为0.1~0.2mm的有机硅胶;再在基体表面覆盖一层脱模布,然后覆盖一层真空袋,检测完气密性无误后抽真空,使脱模布、真空袋紧密贴合在基体表面;
6)采用改制后的刮胶板在真空袋的外表面反复滑动挤压,使基体表面的有机硅胶在真空压力及滑动挤压力的综合作用下全部浸入基体内部,所述改制后的刮胶板的改制是指:将刮胶板用于刮胶的一端的锋利边缘进行倒圆角处理,圆角半径不小于2mm;然后整体转移至20-90℃的环境中干燥6-48小时,最后将真空袋、脱模布拆除,得到单面致密化的刚性超薄隔热材料。
2.一种刚性超薄隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)称取短切陶瓷纤维与助剂,所述助剂为氮化硼、碳化硼、四硼化硅、六硼化硅中的一种,在乙醇中充分混合,然后在滤网上进行过滤,得到厚度均匀掺杂助剂的纤维湿毡,再在通风处自然晾干后,得到纤维毡;
2)将纤维毡平铺于高温马弗炉中,纤维毡的上方和下方分别平铺不少于2层的陶瓷布;其中纤维毡铺设一层或多层,若为多层,则在每层纤维毡之间平铺不少于2层的陶瓷布;
3)在平铺好的纤维毡的最上方放置陶瓷平板,使纤维毡厚度被压缩至预设厚度,固定陶瓷平板的位置不动;
4)开启高温马弗炉,将温度升至700~1100℃,保温1~5h后降至室温,将马弗炉中烧结完毕的纤维毡取出,得到所述预设厚度的刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体;
5)将刚性陶瓷隔热材料基体摆放于清洁平台上,基体表面均匀流延覆盖厚度为0.1~0.2mm的有机硅胶;再在基体表面覆盖一层脱模布,然后覆盖一层真空袋,检测完气密性无误后抽真空,使脱模布、真空袋紧密贴合在基体表面;
6)采用改制后的刮胶板在真空袋的外表面反复滑动挤压,使基体表面的有机硅胶在真空压力及滑动挤压力的综合作用下全部浸入基体内部,所述改制后的刮胶板的改制是指:将刮胶板用于刮胶的一端的锋利边缘进行倒圆角处理,圆角半径不小于2mm;然后整体转移至20-90℃的环境中干燥6-48小时,最后将真空袋、脱模布拆除,得到单面致密化的刚性超薄隔热材料。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述陶瓷纤维为石英纤维。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预设厚度为0.3~2mm。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述短切陶瓷纤维与助剂的质量比为100:(1~10)。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述陶瓷布为氧化铝布、氧化锆布中的一种。
7.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述陶瓷平板为氧化铝板、碳化硅板、氧化锆板中的一种。
8.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述有机硅胶为红胶、白胶、黑胶、粉胶、甲基苯基有机硅树脂中的一种,或者为无溶剂稀释的有机硅胶。
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