CN113975273B - 一种抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113975273B CN113975273B CN202010731270.5A CN202010731270A CN113975273B CN 113975273 B CN113975273 B CN 113975273B CN 202010731270 A CN202010731270 A CN 202010731270A CN 113975273 B CN113975273 B CN 113975273B
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- nasal spray
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂及其制备方法。所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.007%w/v和μ‑阿片受体激动剂0.0004%w/v~0.007%w/v,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的平均粒径为100nm~600nm;这里,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂为包含水的混悬液。此外,还公开了制备所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的方法。本申请的抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,该喷雾剂稳定性好,给药方便,作用时间长,能满足焦虑症治疗的用药需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于但不限于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
焦虑症是一类常见的精神障碍,在北美、西欧和澳大利亚/新西兰影响约10%的人,在中东影响约8%的人,在亚洲影响约6%的人。患有焦虑症的患者通常会经历身体、情绪、认知和行为症状的联合作用,目前有许多不同的药物用于治疗焦虑症的一种或多种症状,具体包括5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂、α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂、苯并二氮杂β-阻滞剂等。作为一种精神类疾病,焦虑症的治疗通常需要一个较长的周期,若给药形式复杂(如静注)、给药频次高(如一天多次),必将给患者的长期治疗造成障碍。因此,现有的抗焦虑药物多被研制成口服制剂或者口服缓释制剂,但是口服制剂难免会产生首过效应、胃肠道破坏、血脑屏障等各种问题,不利于药物吸收利用的同时,还容易产生较多副作用。
在改变药物吸收途径的基础上,如果能进一步延长药物的作用时间,无疑会更加有利于焦虑症患者的治疗。通常情况下,将难溶性药物分散在溶剂中可以制备成混悬的缓释制剂,然而传统混悬制剂的平均粒径为数十微米甚至数百微米,若将其应用到鼻腔喷雾剂中,溶解度和生物利用度均会受到一定限制,药效微弱。
右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,DXM),它是一种新型的高选择性α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂,可以产生剂量依赖性的镇静、镇痛和抗焦虑作用。目前上市的是其盐酸盐形式的注射剂,用来维持成年人24h内的短期镇静。临床研究中,右美托咪定是可以产生抗焦虑效用的,但其较快的清除半衰期(2h)和现有的注射剂剂型使其不适用于焦虑症治疗。现有技术中,恒瑞报道了一种盐酸右美托咪定鼻喷剂(临床号CTR20191868、CTR20182153等)、公开号为CN104470516A的中国专利申请公开了一种鼻内右美托咪定组合物、公开号为CN109620802 A的中国专利申请也公开了一种由盐酸右美托咪定注射液和枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液组成的鼻喷雾剂,但这些鼻腔喷雾剂都是基于盐酸盐形式的右美托咪定,产品均为溶液剂,适应症为镇静或镇痛。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制本申请的保护范围。
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题,本发明第一方面提供了一种抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,该喷雾剂稳定性好,给药方便,作用时间长,能满足焦虑症治疗的用药需求。
本发明提供了一种抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.007%w/v和μ-阿片受体激动剂0.0004%w/v~0.007%w/v,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的平均粒径为100nm~600nm;这里,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂为包含水的混悬液。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述μ-阿片受体激动剂为瑞芬太尼或舒芬太尼。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述的水可以是去离子水或注射用水。
在上述实施方案中,本发明提供了一种抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.007%w/v和瑞芬太尼0.004%w/v~0.007%w/v,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的平均粒径为100nm~600nm。
在上述实施方案中,本发明提供了一种抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.007%w/v和舒芬太尼0.0004%w/v~0.0007%w/v,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的平均粒径为100nm~600nm。
在一些实施方案中,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的平均粒径为150nm~500nm。优选地,平均粒径为150nm~350nm、200nm~350nm、200nm~400nm、或300nm~400nm。
在上述实施方案中,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.004%w/v。
在上述实施方案中,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v、0.0021%w/v、0.0022%w/v、0.0023%w/v、0.0024%w/v、0.0025%w/v、0.0026%w/v、0.0027%w/v、0.0028%w/v、0.0029%w/v、0.003%w/v、0.0031%w/v、0.0032%w/v、0.0033%w/v、0.0034%w/v、0.0035%w/v、0.0036%w/v、0.0037%w/v、0.0038%w/v、0.0039%w/v或者0.004%w/v。
在上述实施方案中,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含瑞芬太尼0.004%w/v~0.007%w/v。
在一些实施方案中,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含瑞芬太尼0.004%w/v、0.0041%w/v、0.0042%w/v、0.0043%w/v、0.0044%w/v、0.0045%w/v、0.0046%w/v、0.0047%w/v、0.0048%w/v、0.0049%w/v、0.005%w/v、0.0051%w/v、0.0052%w/v、0.0053%w/v、0.0054%w/v、0.0055%w/v、0.0056%w/v、0.0057%w/v、0.0058%w/v、0.0059%w/v、0.006%w/v、0.0061%w/v、0.0062%w/v、0.0063%w/v、0.0064%w/v、0.0065%w/v、0.0066%w/v、0.0067%w/v、0.0068%w/v、0.0069%w/v或者0.007%w/v。
在上述实施方案中,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含舒芬太尼0.0004%w/v~0.0007%w/v。
在一些实施方案中,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含舒芬太尼0.0004%w/v、0.00041%w/v、0.00042%w/v、0.00043%w/v、0.00044%w/v、0.00045%w/v、0.00046%w/v、0.00047%w/v、0.00048%w/v、0.00049%w/v、0.0005%w/v、0.00051%w/v、0.00052%w/v、0.00053%w/v、0.00054%w/v、0.00055%w/v、0.00056%w/v、0.00057%w/v、0.00058%w/v、0.00059%w/v、0.0006%w/v、0.00061%w/v、0.00062%w/v、0.00063%w/v、0.00064%w/v、0.00065%w/v、0.00066%w/v、0.00067%w/v、0.00068%w/v、0.00069%w/v或者0.0007%w/v。
在上述实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂还包含助悬剂;任选地,所述助悬剂可以是纤维素醚类化合物、或微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠混合物;这里,所述纤维素醚类化合物可以为选自甲基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丁基甲基纤维素、乙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素中的一种或者其组合;
所述微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠混合物,其中,所述微晶纤维素和所述羧甲基纤维素钠的质量比为95:5~60:40;优选地,所述微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠的质量比为90:10,更优选地,所述微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠的质量比为85:15;可选地,所述微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠混合物可以是商标产品Avicel RC591或Avicel CL611,也可以是按需求比例自配的机械混合物。
在一些实施方案中,所述纤维素醚类化合物为羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)或羟乙基甲基纤维素。
在上述实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含助悬剂0.1%w/v~10%w/v;优选地,包含助悬剂0.2%w/v~5%w/v、0.5%w/v~2%w/v或0.5%w/v~1.5%w/v。优选地,包含助悬剂0.5%w/v、0.6%w/v、0.7%w/v、0.8%w/v、0.9%w/v、1%w/v、1.1%w/v、1.2%w/v、1.3%w/v、1.4%w/v或者1.5%w/v。
在上述实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂还包含润湿剂;任选地,所述润湿剂可以是脂肪醇、酯或醚;优选地,为丙二醇、聚山梨酯80或泊洛沙姆188。
在一些实施方案中,所述润湿剂为丙二醇。
在上述实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含润湿剂1%w/v~50%w/v;优选地,包含润湿剂5%w/v~20%w/v或5%w/v~15%w/v。优选地,包含润湿剂5%w/v、6%w/v、7%w/v、8%w/v、9%w/v、10%w/v、11%w/v、12%w/v、13%w/v、14%w/v或者15%w/v。
在上述实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂还包括等渗调节剂、防腐剂和pH调节剂中的一种、两种或者三种;任选地,所述等渗调节剂非限制性地选自下列中的一种或多种:葡萄糖、甘油、山梨醇、氯化钠、右旋糖、氯化钾、氯化钙;所述防腐剂非限制性地选自下列中的一种或多种:苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、西曲溴胺、西吡氯铵、三氯叔丁醇、苯基乙醇、苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、EDTA、山梨醇钾;所述pH调节剂使所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂通常保持在4.5~6.5之间,所述pH调节剂非限制性地选自下列中的一种或多种:枸橼酸、枸橼酸三钠、盐酸、磷酸、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、硼酸、硼酸盐。
在一些实施方案中,所述等渗调节剂为氯化钠。
在一些实施方案中,所述防腐剂为苯扎氯铵。
在一些实施方案中,所述pH调节剂为枸橼酸三钠。
在上述实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含等渗调节剂1%w/v~10%w/v。优选地,包含等渗调节剂2%w/v~8%w/v或3%w/v~6%w/v。更优选地,包含等渗调节剂3%w/v、4%w/v、5%w/v或者6%w/v。
在上述实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含防腐剂0.001%w/v~1%w/v;优选地,包含防腐剂0.001%w/v~0.1%w/v、0.001%w/v~0.05%w/v、0.001%w/v~0.02%w/v或0.005%w/v~0.01%w/v。更优选地,包含防腐剂0.005%w/v、0.006%w/v、0.007%w/v、0.008%w/v、0.009%w/v或0.01%w/v。
在上述实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含pH调节剂0.1%w/v~10%w/v。优选地,包含pH调节剂0.2%w/v~5%w/v或0.5%w/v~1%w/v。更优选地,包含pH调节剂0.5%w/v、0.6%w/v、0.7%w/v、0.8%w/v、0.9%w/v、或1%w/v。
在一些实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.007%w/v、瑞芬太尼0.004%w/v~0.007%w/v、助悬剂0.5%w/v~1.5%w/v、润湿剂5.0%w/v~15.0%w/v、等渗调节剂3.0%w/v~6.0%w/v、防腐剂0.005%w/v~0.01%w/v和pH调节剂0.5%w/v~1.0%w/v,余量为水。
在一些实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.004%w/v、瑞芬太尼0.004%w/v~0.007%w/v、助悬剂1.0%w/v、润湿剂15%w/v、等渗调节剂4.0%w/v、防腐剂0.01%w/v和pH调节剂1.0%w/v,余量为水。
在一些实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.007%w/v、瑞芬太尼0.004%w/v~0.007%w/v、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)或者质量比为90:10或85:15的微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠混合物0.5%w/v~1.5%w/v、丙二醇5.0%w/v~15.0%w/v、氯化钠3.0%w/v~6.0%w/v、苯扎氯铵0.005%w/v~0.01%w/v和枸橼酸三钠0.5%w/v~1.0%w/v,余量为水。
在一些实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.004%w/v、瑞芬太尼0.004%w/v~0.007%w/v、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)或者质量比为90:10或85:15的微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠混合物1.0%w/v、丙二醇15%w/v、氯化钠4.0%w/v、苯扎氯铵0.01%w/v和枸橼酸三钠1.0%w/v,余量为水。
在又一些实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.007%w/v、舒芬太尼0.0004%w/v~0.0007%w/v、助悬剂0.5%w/v~1.5%w/v、润湿剂5.0%w/v~15.0%w/v、等渗调节剂3.0%w/v~6.0%w/v、防腐剂0.005%w/v~0.01%w/v和pH调节剂0.5%w/v~1.0%w/v,余量为水。
在另一些实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.004%w/v、舒芬太尼0.0004%w/v~0.0007%w/v、助悬剂1.0%w/v、润湿剂15.0%w/v、等渗调节剂4.0%w/v、防腐剂0.01%w/v和pH调节剂1.0%w/v,余量为水。
在又一些实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.007%w/v、舒芬太尼0.0004%w/v~0.0007%w/v、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)或者质量比为90:10或85:15的微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠混合物0.5%w/v~1.5%w/v、丙二醇5.0%w/v~15.0%w/v、氯化钠3.0%w/v~6.0%w/v、苯扎氯铵0.005%w/v~0.01%w/v和枸橼酸三钠0.5%w/v~1.0%w/v,余量为水。
在另一些实施方案中,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v~0.004%w/v、舒芬太尼0.0004%w/v~0.0007%w/v、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)或者质量比为90:10或85:15的微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠混合物1.0%w/v、丙二醇15%w/v、氯化钠4.0%w/v、苯扎氯铵0.01%w/v和枸橼酸三钠1.0%w/v,余量为水。
在理解本发明所述混悬液中各物质浓度时,可以将“%w/v”理解为每百毫升溶液中含有溶质的克数,也可以将“w/v”直接理解为“g/mL”。
第二方面,本发明公开了一种制备抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将助悬剂和润湿剂溶解于部分水中,充分溶胀后,用高剪切乳化机搅拌,制得混合物A;
(2)将右美托咪定加入混合物A中,分散后,用高剪切乳化机搅拌,静置消泡,制得预混悬液B;
(3)将μ-阿片受体激动剂溶解于另一部分水中,搅拌均匀,制得混合物C;
(4)将等渗调节剂、防腐剂溶解于第三部分水中,搅拌均匀,制得混合物D;
(5)合并预混悬液B、混合物C、混合物D,搅拌均匀后,用pH调节剂调节pH值,加水定容;采用高压均质机进行均质,得到所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂。
在上述实施方案中,优选地,混合物A的制备中所述高剪切乳化机的搅拌速度为10kr/min,搅拌时间15min。
在上述实施方案中,优选地,预混悬液B的制备中高剪切乳化机的搅拌速度为15kr(千转)/min,搅拌时间为20min。
在上述实施方案中,优选地,所述高压均质机的均质压力为450-800bar,循环次数为15-50次。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定和μ-阿片受体激动剂,将右美托咪定做成纳米晶,与μ-阿片受体激动剂联用,起效快,作用时间长,减少了用药不方便;右美托咪定和μ-阿片受体激动剂的用量减少,减轻了二者单独用药时的不良反应。例如:μ-阿片受体激动剂的肌肉僵直、成瘾、便秘、呼吸抑制等不良反应;右美托咪定的低血压、恶心、心搏徐缓、组织缺氧和心房颤动等不良反应。
本发明所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂分散均匀,稳定性好,用药方便。
本发明所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂中的μ-阿片受体激动剂快速发挥镇静效用,右美托咪定能在至少7天内持续稳定释放,维持焦虑症的有效防治。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述,并且,部分地从说明书中变得显而易见,或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的其它优点可通过在说明书以及附图中所描述的方案来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案,并不构成对本申请技术方案的限制。
图1为本发明实施例1样品的粒径分布图;
图2为本发明实施例2样品的粒径分布图;
图3为本发明实施例3样品的粒径分布图;
图4为本发明实施例4样品的粒径分布图;
图5为本发明实施例5样品的粒径分布图;
图6为本发明实施例6样品的粒径分布图;
图7为本发明实施例7样品的粒径分布图;
图8为本发明实施例8样品的粒径分布图;
图9为本发明实施例9样品的粒径分布图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下文中将对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
以下详细说明本发明的实施情况,但它们不构成对本发明的限定,仅作举例而已。
实施例1
1、配方:
2、制备方法:
(1)将处方量的HPMC(15000cps)和丙二醇溶解于40mL去离子水中,充分溶胀后,用高剪切乳化机以10or/min的速度,搅拌15min,制得A。
(2)将处方量的右美托咪定加入A中,分散后,用高剪切乳化机以15cry/min的速度,搅拌20min,静置消泡,制得预混悬液B。
(3)将处方量的瑞芬太尼溶解于10mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,制得C。
(4)将处方量的等渗调节剂氯化钠、防腐剂苯扎氯铵溶解于10mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,制得D。
(5)合并B、C、D,搅拌均匀后,枸橼酸三钠调节pH至4.5-6.5,用去离子水定容至100ml。采用高压均质机,均质压力750bar,循环次数30次,形成均匀的混悬液。
(6)将所述混悬液按照每支10mL进行分装。
实施例2
1、配方:
2、制备方法:
同实施例1,均质压力更改为600bar,均质周期更改为25次。
实施例3
1、配方:
2、制备方法:同实施例2。
实施例4
1、配方:
2、制备方法:同实施例2。
实施例5
1、配方:
2、制备方法:同实施例2。
实施例6
1、配方:
2、制备方法:同实施例1,均质压力更改为450bar,均质周期更改为15次。
实施例7
1、配方:
2、制备方法:同实施例1。
实施例8
1、配方:
2、制备方法:同实施例1。
实施例9
1、配方:
2、制备方法:同实施例1。
实施例10纳米混悬鼻喷剂粒径及Zeta电位的测定
取所制得的纳米混悬鼻喷剂1mL,用蒸馏水稀释至适宜浓度(PDI<0.7),搅拌使其分散均匀。用Malvern公司的ZETASIZER Nano series Nano-ZS90测量纳米晶的粒径,结果如表1。
表1:纳米混悬鼻喷剂粒径测定结果
样品 | 粒径(nm) | Zeta电位(mv) | PDI(多分散指数) |
实施例1 | 156.2±35.8 | -25.1 | 0.317 |
实施例2 | 329.1±33.3 | -26.4 | 0.405 |
实施例3 | 276.3±44.9 | -30.5 | 0.388 |
实施例4 | 238.5±59.7 | -27.1 | 0.359 |
实施例5 | 221.7±25.9 | -25.9 | 0.376 |
实施例6 | 501.4±41.6 | -26.7 | 0.711 |
实施例7 | 317.9±51.2 | -26.2 | 0.411 |
实施例8 | 299.6±40.8 | -25.3 | 0.399 |
实施例9 | 269.5±43.1 | -30.1 | 0.314 |
图1-9是实施例1-9的粒径测定图。从表1和图1-9中可以看出使用本发明的方法制备的纳米混悬鼻喷剂的粒径分布范围在100-1000nm的范围内,PDI在0.2-0.8的范围内,粒径分布均匀。实施例1-9的Zeta电位均小于-25mv(Zeta电位小于-25mv认为纳米晶体处于稳定状态),实施例3、9的Zeta电位均小于-30mv相较于实施例1-2与实施例4-8更稳定。
实施例11稳定性试验
1、试验样品:将实施例1-9方案制得的纳米混悬鼻喷剂灌装至透明玻璃瓶中,每个实验例样品灌装10瓶,并压盖,密封,作为试验样品。
2、试验方法:在温度为(30±2)℃、相对湿度(60±5)%、光照度为(4500±500)lx的条件下进行考察,10天后对样品的外观性状、再分散性、粒径、Zeta电位进行测定考察。
3、试验结果:见表2
表2:稳定性试验结果
由表2的试验结果可知,与其它实施例相比,实施例3与实施例9提供的纳米混悬鼻喷雾剂的稳定性为最优选,放置10天后,药液无沉降颗粒,制剂稳定性好。其它实施例放置10天后,Zeta电位变化不大,较稳定,再分散性良好。
实施例12本发明实施例抗焦虑作用的研究
通过开场试验筛选出自主活动能力强的雄性小鼠156只,随机分为生理盐水组、空白溶媒对照组、阳性对照组和给药组(实施例1-9制剂和CN109620802A实施例1(含30μg/ml右美托咪定和8μg/ml舒芬太尼))四大组,每小组12只。生理盐水组经鼻给予10μl生理盐水,空白溶媒组经鼻给予10μl空白制剂(不含右美托咪定和瑞芬太尼的仅含辅料的制剂),阳性对照组灌胃给予2.5mg/kg的地西泮混悬液,给药组分别经鼻给予10μl对应实施例制剂,给药后立即进行高架十字迷宫实验和明暗箱穿梭实验。
高架十字迷宫试验:
将小鼠的头朝向开臂方向放在十字迷宫中央,记录5min内小鼠的开臂滞留时间百分比(OT%)及开臂进入次数百分比(OE%)。每天在同一时间段测试一次,直至给药组与生理盐水组无显著差异后停止试验。
明暗箱穿梭实验:
将小鼠背对暗箱放入明箱,记录10min内小鼠在明、暗两箱之间的穿梭次数。每天在同一时间段测试一次,直至给药组与生理盐水组无显著差异后停止试验。
试验结果:
高架十字迷宫试验和明暗箱穿梭试验的结果显示,第二天测量时,CN109620802A实施例1给药组与生理盐水组和空白溶媒组的结果无显著差异;而其它给药组(实施例1-9给药组)与生理盐水组和空白溶媒组有显著差异,与阳性对照组无显著差异。值得注意的是,直至试验第7天,实施例1-9给药组与生理盐水组合空白溶媒组有显著差异。提示给药组(实施例1-9制剂和CN109620802A实施例1)对小鼠的焦虑模型具有明显的抗焦虑作用,且实施例1-9制剂的抗焦虑作用时间较CN109620802A实施例1的抗焦虑作用时间长,可至少持续7天。
试验第一天,与生理盐水组和空白溶媒组相比,阳性对照组、给药组均能显著提高焦虑模型小鼠EPM中开臂次数百分比OE%(P<0.01);阳性对照组、给药组能显著提高焦虑模型小鼠EPM中开臂时间百分比OT%(P<0.05);阳性对照组、给药组能显著增加焦虑模型小鼠明暗箱穿梭次数(P<0.05);生理盐水组和空白溶媒组小鼠EPM及明暗箱穿梭实验均无显著影响(P>0.05),见表3。
表3:试验第一天实施例对小鼠焦虑模型行为学影响(x±s,n=12)
试验第七天,与生理盐水组和空白溶媒组相比,实施例1-9给药组均能显著提高焦虑模型小鼠EPM中开臂次数百分比OE%(P<0.01);实施例1-9给药组能显著提高焦虑模型小鼠EPM中开臂时间百分比OT%(P<0.05);实施例1-9给药组能显著增加焦虑模型小鼠明暗箱穿梭次数(P<0.05);CN109620802A实施例1给药组、阳性对照组、生理盐水组和空白溶媒组小鼠EPM及明暗箱穿梭实验均无显著影响(P>0.05),见表4。
表4:试验第七天实施例对小鼠焦虑模型行为学影响(x±s,n=12)
本申请描述了多个实施例,但是该描述是示例性的,而不是限制性的,并且对于本领域的普通技术人员来说显而易见的是,在本申请所描述的实施例包含的范围内可以有更多的实施例和实现方案。
Claims (12)
1. 一种抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,其特征在于:所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v ~ 0.007%w/v、μ-阿片受体激动剂0.0004%w/v ~ 0.007%w/v、助悬剂0.5%w/v ~ 1.5%w/v、润湿剂5.0%w/v ~ 15.0%w/v、等渗调节剂3.0%w/v ~ 6.0%w/v、防腐剂0.005%w/v ~ 0.01%w/v和pH调节剂0.5%w/v ~ 1.0%w/v,余量为水,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的平均粒径为100 nm ~ 600 nm;所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂为包含水的混悬液;
所述μ-阿片受体激动剂为瑞芬太尼或舒芬太尼;
水是去离子水或注射用水。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂包含右美托咪定0.002%w/v ~ 0.004%w/v、μ-阿片受体激动剂0.004%w/v ~ 0.007%w/v、助悬剂1.0%w/v、润湿剂15%w/v、等渗调节剂4.0%w/v、防腐剂0.01%w/v和pH调节剂1.0%w/v,余量为水。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的平均粒径为150 nm ~500 nm。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的平均粒径为150 nm ~ 350 nm、200 nm ~ 350 nm、200 nm ~ 400 nm、或300nm ~ 400 nm。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述助悬剂是纤维素醚类化合物、或微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠混合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述纤维素醚类化合物为选自甲基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丁基甲基纤维素、乙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素中的一种或者其组合;
所述微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠混合物中,所述微晶纤维素和所述羧甲基纤维素钠的质量比为95:5 ~ 60:40。
7.根据权利要求6所述的抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠的质量比为90:10,或所述微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠的质量比为85:15。
8.根据权利要求1所述的抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述润湿剂为丙二醇、聚山梨酯80或泊洛沙姆188。
9.根据权利要求1所述的抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述等渗调节剂选自下列中的一种或多种:葡萄糖、甘油、山梨醇、氯化钠、右旋糖、氯化钾、氯化钙;
所述防腐剂选自下列中的一种或多种:苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、西曲溴胺、西吡氯铵、三氯叔丁醇、苯基乙醇、苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、EDTA、山梨醇钾;
所述pH调节剂使所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂保持在4.5 ~ 6.5之间,所述pH调节剂选自下列中的一种或多种:枸橼酸、枸橼酸三钠、盐酸、磷酸、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、硼酸、硼酸盐。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述助悬剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素、或微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠混合物;
所述润湿剂为丙二醇;
所述等渗调节剂为氯化钠;
所述防腐剂为苯扎氯铵;
所述pH调节剂为枸橼酸三钠。
11.一种制备权利要求1至10中任一项所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将助悬剂和润湿剂溶解于部分水中,充分溶胀后,用高剪切乳化机搅拌,制得混合物A;
(2)将右美托咪定加入混合物A中,分散后,用高剪切乳化机搅拌,静置消泡,制得预混悬液B;
(3)将μ-阿片受体激动剂溶解于另一部分水中,搅拌均匀,制得混合物C;
(4)将等渗调节剂和防腐剂溶解于第三部分水中,搅拌均匀,制得混合物D;
(5)合并预混悬液B、混合物C、混合物D,搅拌均匀后,用pH调节剂调节pH值,加水定容;采用高压均质机进行均质,得到所述抗焦虑用纳米混悬鼻腔喷雾剂。
12.根据权利要求11中所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述高剪切乳化机的搅拌速度为10kr/min,搅拌时间15min;
步骤(2)中高剪切乳化机的搅拌速度为15 kr(千转)/min,搅拌时间为20 min;
步骤(5)中所述高压均质机的均质压力为450-800bar,循环次数为15-50次。
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