CN113968919A - Edible fungus extract without auxiliary materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Edible fungus extract without auxiliary materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to an edible fungus extract without auxiliary materials and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) pulverizing dried edible fungi into granules or powder; 2) adding the granules or powder into an extraction tank, adding purified water, heating to boil to 100 deg.C, extracting, press filtering, collecting filtrate, adding purified water into the filter residue, boiling to 100 deg.C, extracting once again, press filtering, collecting filtrate, and mixing the two filtrates; 3) filtering the filtrate by a centrifugal machine, performing membrane separation, collecting trapped fluid, and stopping after concentration; 4) concentrating the trapped solution under reduced pressure by using a concentrator, and collecting the concentrated solution; (5) preheating the concentrated solution, and spray drying to obtain edible fungus extract without adjuvant. The edible fungus extract without the auxiliary material takes the beta-glucan as a marked component, does not contain exogenous auxiliary materials, and has high product purity and good quality. The preparation method has the advantages of simple production process, high extraction efficiency, low energy consumption, no need of adding auxiliary materials in the production process, fine and uniform product and high purity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus processing, and particularly relates to an edible fungus extract without auxiliary materials and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Edible fungi are a general name of large fungi which can be eaten by human beings, commonly called mushrooms, and comprise two types of edible fungi and medicinal fungi. The edible fungi are high-quality foods with high protein, low fat and high dietary fiber, have rich nutritive value, also contain bioactive components such as polysaccharide, terpenes, adenosine, alkaloid and the like, have wide physiological and pharmacological activities, and show good health care and medical values. At present, the most widely used edible fungus bioactive components are edible fungus polysaccharides, and research shows that the edible fungus polysaccharides have a plurality of pharmacological activities of enhancing immunity, resisting tumors, resisting oxidation, protecting livers, resisting bacteria, viruses, resisting aging, resisting radiation and the like. With the vigorous market demand, a large number of edible fungus extract products appear in the market in recent years, polysaccharide is generally adopted as a mark component index, but the structure of the edible fungus polysaccharide is beta-glucan, and the exertion of the efficacy is closely related to the solubility, the spatial structure and the molecular weight of the edible fungus polysaccharide. The detection method of the polysaccharide cannot well distinguish beta-glucan and alpha-glucan represented by polysaccharide, dextrin and other auxiliary materials, so that the polysaccharide is used as a mark component index, and the actual active component content of the product cannot be well reflected. Due to the limitation of polysaccharide detection methods, the edible fungus extracts in the market are usually high in polysaccharide content indication values, but the purity and the quality of the edible fungus extracts are difficult to guarantee. The content of alpha-glucan and beta-glucan in the edible fungus product can be detected by adopting a Megazyme enzyme method, the content of the alpha-glucan and the content of the beta-glucan of the edible fungus extract added with auxiliary materials such as starch, dextrin and the like are higher and are generally more than 5%, the content of the beta-glucan is low, and the content of the alpha-glucan and the content of the beta-glucan of the edible fungus extract added with other non-polysaccharide auxiliary materials is lower because the added auxiliary materials are diluted, the content of the alpha-glucan and the content of the beta-glucan of the edible fungus extract without the auxiliary materials are higher and are generally lower than 5%.
The final product is usually dried by adopting a spray drying mode in the production process of the edible fungus extract, however, the extracting solution contains not only macromolecular polysaccharide but also a lot of micromolecular sugar with lower melting point, and the extracting solution is easy to adhere to the tower wall in the spray drying process, so that the product yield and the quality are reduced. In order to solve the problem of tower sticking in spray drying, auxiliary materials such as dextrin, starch and the like are generally added during spray drying at present, so that the effect of reducing tower sticking can be achieved, the product yield can be improved, and meanwhile, because the polysaccharide auxiliary materials such as dextrin, starch and the like are added, the product polysaccharide content is high, so that consumers are easily misled, and the product is essentially adulterated. The content of the polysaccharide of the edible fungus extract added with the polysaccharide auxiliary material also comprises the added inactive polysaccharide auxiliary material (mainly comprising alpha-glucan), and the content of the polysaccharide (beta-glucan) derived from the edible fungus cannot be accurately reflected, so that the quality of the edible fungus extract product in the market is uneven, and the development of the industry is seriously influenced by cheap low-quality products. The content of active beta-glucan of the extract added with other non-polysaccharide auxiliary materials is generally lower, and the product contains ingredients which are not derived from edible fungi, so that the development and application and quality control of subsequent products can be adversely affected if the identification is not clear. Therefore, there is a need to develop a high-quality edible fungus extract without adding auxiliary materials and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an edible fungus extract without auxiliary materials and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of an edible fungus extract without auxiliary materials comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing dried edible fungi into granules or powder;
(2) adding the particles or powder obtained in the step (1) into an extraction tank, adding purified water, heating to boil to 100 ℃ for extraction, performing pressure filtration to collect filtrate, adding purified water into filter residues, boiling to 100 ℃ for extraction once again, performing pressure filtration to collect filtrate, and combining the two filtrates;
(3) filtering the filtrate by a centrifugal machine, performing membrane separation, collecting trapped fluid, and stopping after concentrating by a certain multiple;
(4) concentrating the trapped solution under reduced pressure by using a concentrator, and collecting the concentrated solution;
(5) preheating the concentrated solution, and spray drying to obtain edible fungus extract without adjuvant.
In the invention, by performing membrane separation operation on the filtrate collected after extraction, the active macromolecular components such as polysaccharide and the like are intercepted, and simultaneously, the inactive micromolecular sugar with low melting point can be discharged together with the filtrate, so that the problem of sticking to a tower by spray drying is solved, the use of auxiliary materials is avoided, and the produced extract does not contain auxiliary materials, has high purity and fine quality; and through the selection of the type and the pore diameter of the membrane and the determination of the concentration multiple, the production efficiency can be improved, the loss of active substances can be reduced, and the content and the purity of active ingredients of the extract can be improved.
Specifically, in the step (2), two extraction processes are performed, the volume of the purified water is 10-80 times of the feeding amount of the edible fungi, and the extraction time is 0.5-4 h. Preferably, the volume of the purified water is 20-50 times of the feeding amount of the edible fungi, and the extraction time is 2-3 h.
Specifically, in the step (3), the membrane is an ultrafiltration membrane or a nanofiltration membrane, preferably a nanofiltration membrane.
Specifically, in the step (3), the concentration ratio is 2 to 8. Preferably, the concentration factor is 3 to 5.
Specifically, in the step (4), the specific gravity of the concentrated solution is 1.02 to 1.10, and the preferred specific gravity of the concentrated solution is 1.04 to 1.06.
Specifically, in the step (5), the air inlet temperature and the air outlet temperature of the spray drying are respectively 160-.
The edible fungus is selected from Hericium Erinaceus, Grifola Frondosa, Lentinus Edodes, Cordyceps militaris, Pleurotus Ostreatus, Coprinus comatus, Ganoderma, Coriolus versicolor, Chaba, Tremella, and Auricularia.
The invention also discloses an edible fungus extract without auxiliary materials, which is prepared by the preparation method.
The edible fungus extract without auxiliary materials takes the beta-glucan as a mark component, and the content is not lower than 20%. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the edible fungus extract without auxiliary materials takes the beta-glucan as a mark component, and the product has high purity and good quality.
The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple production process, high extraction efficiency, no need of adding auxiliary materials in the production process, 100% of the product is derived from the edible fungus raw materials, and the product has fine and uniform texture. Particularly, a membrane separation technology is adopted in the preparation process, so that the membrane separation device not only can play a role in concentration, but also can remove monosaccharide, oligosaccharide and other small molecular compounds in the extracting solution, effectively solves the problem of tower sticking in spray drying, avoids the use of auxiliary materials, and reduces the energy consumption in the production process.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the preferred embodiments below.
Example 1:
weighing 150kg of dried ganoderma lucidum raw material, selecting, removing impurities, crushing into coarse particles, putting into an extraction tank, adding 3000L of purified water, heating, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 3h, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, adding 6000L of purified water into filter residue, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 3h, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, and combining the two filtrates; filtering the filtrate by a centrifuge, concentrating and separating by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the concentration multiple of 3 times, collecting trapped fluid, concentrating under reduced pressure by using a double-effect concentrator, stopping concentrating when the specific gravity of the concentrated solution reaches 1.05, pumping into a spherical tank, preheating to 100 ℃, performing spray drying, controlling the air inlet temperature and the air outlet temperature to be 180 ℃ and 85 ℃ respectively, and collecting in a hundred thousand grade clean area to obtain 11.9kg of the ganoderma lucidum extract without auxiliary materials. The content of water in the ganoderma lucidum extract is 4.7%, the content of beta-glucan is 29.1% and the content of alpha-glucan is 2.5% through laboratory detection.
Example 2:
weighing 100kg of dried grifola frondosa raw material, selecting, removing impurities, crushing into coarse particles, putting into an extraction tank, adding 4000L of purified water, heating, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, adding 3000L of purified water into filter residue, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, and combining the two filtrates; filtering the filtrate by a centrifuge, concentrating and separating by adopting a nanofiltration membrane with the concentration multiple of 5 times, collecting trapped fluid, concentrating under reduced pressure by adopting a double-effect concentrator, stopping concentrating when the specific gravity of the concentrated solution reaches 1.07, pumping into a spherical tank, preheating to 100 ℃, performing spray drying, controlling the air inlet temperature and the air outlet temperature to be 185 ℃ and 90 ℃, and collecting in a hundred thousand grade clean area to obtain 13.9kg of grifola frondosa extract without auxiliary materials. Laboratory tests show that the grifola frondosa extract without auxiliary materials contains 4.3% of water, 23.6% of beta-glucan and 2.6% of alpha-glucan.
Example 3:
weighing 200kg of dried grifola frondosa raw material, selecting, removing impurities, crushing into coarse particles, putting into an extraction tank, adding 6000L of purified water, heating to boil to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, adding 6000L of purified water into filter residue, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h again, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, and combining the two filtrates; filtering the filtrate by a centrifuge, concentrating and separating by adopting a nanofiltration membrane with the concentration multiple of 5 times, collecting trapped fluid, concentrating under reduced pressure by adopting a double-effect concentrator, stopping concentrating when the specific gravity of the concentrated solution reaches 1.07, pumping into a spherical tank, preheating to 100 ℃, performing spray drying, controlling the air inlet temperature and the air outlet temperature to be 190 ℃ and 90 ℃ respectively, and collecting in a hundred thousand grade clean area to obtain 26.3kg of grifola frondosa extract without auxiliary materials. Laboratory tests show that the grifola frondosa extract without auxiliary materials has the water content of 3.9%, the beta-glucan content of 22.3% and the alpha-glucan content of 3.1%.
Example 4:
weighing 125kg of dried shiitake mushroom raw material, selecting, removing impurities, crushing into coarse particles, putting into an extraction tank, adding 5000L of purified water, heating, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 3h, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, adding 6000L of purified water into filter residue, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, and combining the two filtrates; filtering the filtrate by a centrifuge, concentrating and separating by adopting a nanofiltration membrane with the concentration multiple of 5 times, collecting trapped fluid, performing reduced pressure concentration by adopting a double-effect concentrator, stopping concentration when the specific gravity of the concentrated solution reaches 1.04, pumping into a spherical tank, preheating to 100 ℃, performing spray drying, controlling the air inlet temperature and the air outlet temperature to be 185 ℃ and 85 ℃ respectively, and collecting in a hundred thousand grade clean area to obtain 16.7kg of the mushroom extract without auxiliary materials. Through laboratory detection, the moisture content of the mushroom extract without the auxiliary materials is 4.1%, the beta-glucan content is 30.6%, and the alpha-glucan content is 2.7%.
Example 5:
weighing 200kg of dried cordyceps militaris raw materials, selecting, removing impurities, crushing into coarse particles, putting into an extraction tank, adding 6000L of purified water, heating to boil to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, adding 6000L of purified water into filter residues, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, and combining the two filtrates; filtering the filtrate by a centrifuge, concentrating and separating by an ultrafiltration membrane with concentration multiple of 4 times, collecting the trapped fluid, concentrating under reduced pressure by a double-effect concentrator, stopping concentrating when the specific gravity of the concentrated solution reaches 1.05, pumping into a spherical tank, preheating to 100 ℃, performing spray drying, controlling the air inlet temperature and the air outlet temperature to be 185 ℃ and 80 ℃, and collecting in a hundred thousand grade clean area to obtain 33.4kg of the cordyceps militaris extract without auxiliary materials. Laboratory tests show that the water content of the cordyceps militaris extract without the auxiliary materials is 5.2%, the beta-glucan content is 22.9%, and the alpha-glucan content is 1.6%.
Example 6:
weighing 100kg of dried oyster mushroom raw material, selecting, removing impurities, crushing into coarse particles, putting into an extraction tank, adding 3500L of purified water, heating, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h, filter-pressing, collecting filtrate, adding 6000L of purified water into filter residue, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h, filter-pressing, collecting filtrate, and combining the two filtrates; filtering the filtrate by a centrifuge, concentrating and separating by adopting a nanofiltration membrane with the concentration multiple of 6 times, collecting trapped fluid, concentrating under reduced pressure by adopting a double-effect concentrator, stopping concentrating when the specific gravity of the concentrated solution reaches 1.05, pumping into a spherical tank, preheating to 100 ℃, performing spray drying, controlling the air inlet temperature and the air outlet temperature to be 190 ℃ and 90 ℃ respectively, and collecting in a hundred thousand grade clean area to obtain 18.2kg of oyster mushroom extract without auxiliary materials. Laboratory tests show that the oyster mushroom extract without the auxiliary materials has the water content of 3.4 percent, the beta-glucan content of 41.9 percent and the alpha-glucan content of 2.7 percent.
Example 7:
weighing 100kg of dried coprinus comatus raw material, selecting, removing impurities, crushing into coarse particles, putting into an extraction tank, adding 4000L of purified water, heating, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, adding 6000L of purified water into filter residue, boiling to 100 ℃, extracting for 2h again, performing filter pressing, collecting filtrate, and combining the two filtrates; filtering the filtrate by a centrifugal machine, concentrating and separating by adopting a nanofiltration membrane, wherein the concentration multiple is 5 times, collecting trapped fluid, performing reduced pressure concentration by adopting a double-effect concentrator, stopping concentration when the specific gravity of the concentrated solution reaches 1.06, pumping into a spherical tank, preheating to 100 ℃, performing spray drying, controlling the air inlet temperature and the air outlet temperature to be 185 ℃ and 90 ℃, and collecting in a hundred thousand grade clean area to obtain 19.1kg of coprinus comatus extract without auxiliary materials. Through laboratory detection, the coprinus comatus extract without auxiliary materials has the water content of 4.3 percent, the beta-glucan content of 26.7 percent and the alpha-glucan content of 3.8 percent.
In the above embodiments and their alternatives, the specific process parameters can be arbitrarily selected within the corresponding ranges, for example: adding amount of purified water, temperature and time of extraction, type of membrane, speed multiplication of membrane concentration, specific gravity of concentrated solution, air inlet and outlet temperature of spray drying, and the like; in addition, filter residues obtained by the first filter pressing are not required to be treated, and the subsequent treatment is directly carried out on the filter liquor obtained by the first filter pressing.
The edible fungus extract without the auxiliary material takes the beta-glucan as a marked component, does not contain exogenous auxiliary materials, and has high product purity and good quality. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the working procedures of edible mushroom raw material pretreatment, enzymolysis, hot water extraction, membrane separation, reduced pressure concentration, spray drying and the like. The preparation method has the advantages of simple production process, high extraction efficiency, low energy consumption, no need of adding auxiliary materials in the production process, fine and uniform product and high purity.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the preferred embodiments and principles of the present invention and it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may devise variations of the present invention that are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an edible fungus extract without auxiliary materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pulverizing dried edible fungi into granules or powder;
(2) adding the particles or powder obtained in the step (1) into an extraction tank, adding purified water, heating to 90-100 ℃ for extraction, performing pressure filtration to collect filtrate, adding purified water into filter residues to 90-100 ℃ for extraction once again, performing pressure filtration to collect filtrate, and combining the two filtrates;
(3) filtering the filtrate by a centrifugal machine, performing membrane separation, collecting trapped fluid, and stopping after concentration;
(4) concentrating the trapped solution under reduced pressure by using a concentrator, and collecting the concentrated solution;
(5) preheating the concentrated solution, and spray drying to obtain edible fungus extract without adjuvant.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), in the two extraction processes, the volume of the purified water is 10-80 times of the feeding mass of the edible fungi, and the extraction time is 0.5-4 h.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the membrane is an ultrafiltration membrane or a nanofiltration membrane.
4. The production method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in the step (3), the concentration ratio is 2 to 8.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the specific gravity of the concentrate is 1.02 to 1.10.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the spray drying are respectively 160-220 ℃ and 70-100 ℃.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature of the inlet air and the temperature of the outlet air in the step (5) are respectively about 180 ℃ to 200 ℃ and 80-95 ℃.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the edible fungus is one of Hericium erinaceus, Grifola frondosa, Lentinus edodes, Cordyceps militaris, Pleurotus ostreatus, Coprinus comatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Coriolus versicolor, Chaba, Tremella, and Auricularia.
9. An edible fungus extract containing no auxiliary material, which is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The edible fungus extract without excipients as claimed in claim 9, wherein the beta-glucan is used as a marker component and the content is not less than 20%.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114949915A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-30 | 浙江百山祖生物科技有限公司 | Hericium erinaceus compound extract and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20220125 |