CN104829734A - Method of producing pigment, protein, polysaccharide and dietary fiber from dry lentinula edodes - Google Patents
Method of producing pigment, protein, polysaccharide and dietary fiber from dry lentinula edodes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive utilization technology of dry lentinula edodes and includes the method of preparing lentinula edodes pigment, lentinula edodes protein, lentinula edodes polysaccharide and lentinula edodes dietary fiber. The method is advantaged in that by means of physical methods such as low temperature, high temperature, membrane filtration and the like, low-cost comprehensive utilization of the lentinula edodes is achieved, and the bioactivity the extracts can be maximumly maintained and meanwhile the safety of the extracts is ensured. The pigment, the protein, the polysaccharide and the dietary fiber can be added to foods directly and are not only nutritional and health-caring but also safe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of deep-processing and colligating-using technique of dried thin mushroom, particularly relate to a kind of method simultaneously extracting mushroom pigment, Lentinus Edodes protein, lentinan and mushroom dietary fiber from dried thin mushroom.
Background technology
Mushroom is the sporophore of Mycophyta door fungi mushroom, belongs to Basidiomycetes Agaricaceae, is that edible mushrooms famous is in the world held concurrently one of medicinal fungus.Due to nutritious, fragrance oozes spleen, and delicious flavour, have the laudatory title of " king in mushroom ", " mushroom queen ", " hats of vegetables ".
Mushroom has high protein, lower fat, multiple amino acids and multivitamin mushroom food.The edible part of dried thin mushroom accounts for 72%, and every 100g eats moisture 13g in part, fatty 1.8g, protein 17g, carbohydrate 54g, robust fibre 7.8g, ash content 4.9g.
Scientific research a large amount of both at home and abroad at present has demonstrated the multiple biological activity of lentinan, and such as lentinan can excite the foundation of mouse Th1 type immunne response; Can recover and protect the splenic function of rat bearing S180, enhancing body immunologic function; Antitumor, oxidation resistant effect is had to rat; Influenza virus can be suppressed to copy in vivo; Can anti-listeria infect, anti-malarial; Provide protection is had to radiation injury; Can alleviating fatigue; Also provide protection is had to optic nerve injury.Correlative study also shows: lentinan has activating cells immunity, regulates multiple humoral indications, induces alpha-interferon to generate, regulate body immune response, induction white corpuscle, to tumor-infiltrated, causes tumor locus vasodilation, hemorrhage, downright bad, stops the combination of virus and host cell, improve SOD active, suppress MDA to generate, lipid peroxidation inhibition, reduce cholesterol, regulate carbohydrate metabolism, improve sugar tolerance, expand gi tract generation satiety and alleviate appetite, reduce the effects such as blood sugar.
In the prior art, some are all had to report at home and abroad to the Extraction and isolation of Lentinan and albumen, but the preparation of lentinan all needs to adopt ethanol to be settled from dilute solution by polysaccharide in document, the preparation of Lentinus Edodes protein then needs to adopt alkali to put forward the method for alcohol precipitation, all need in these techniques to use ethanol, on the one hand because ethanol consumption is large, cost is high; On the other hand because ethanol is flammable, there is potential safety hazard, the industrialization constraining lentinan is to a certain extent produced.
If the production technique of a kind of safety, low cost can be studied, while extraction lentinan, by other nutritive ingredients in mushroom also extraction and application in the lump, that will promote the lifting of mushroom process deeply industry state of the art greatly, realizes the conversion increment of mushroom.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of comprehensive utilization process of dried thin mushroom, can extract in the process simultaneously and obtain mushroom pigment, Lentinus Edodes protein, lentinan and mushroom dietary fiber, realize making full use of resource to greatest extent, low and the safety of process energy consumption, meet the resource-conserving Development Strategy required by current China, also meet simultaneously and extend agricultural-food industrial chain, drive the development thought that agricultural-food industrialization level and agricultural-food comprehensive benefit improve comprehensively.
Technical scheme of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) dried thin mushroom is pulverized: pulverized and sieved by dried thin mushroom, require that the grinding particle size of material is between 20 ~ 60 orders;
(2) cold water lixiviate: by the material after pulverizing by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:(20 ~ 25) add water and prepare burden, after stirring, at 0 ~ 5 DEG C, soak 35 ~ 45min;
(3) scalping: above-mentioned cold mixture of carrying is crossed 80 ~ 120 mesh sieves, screen overflow is used for step (6), enters next step (4) by the cold extract of sieve;
(4) dusting cover: the cold extract that step (3) obtains is crossed 300 ~ 400 mesh sieves, and screen overflow discards, enters next step (5) by the filtrate of sieve;
(5) ultrafiltration: by filtrate 0.4 ~ 0.6MPa, 20 ~ 40 DEG C, be the ultra-filtration membrane of 5000 ~ 10000 by molecular weight cut-off, be not 1:8 ~ 1:10 through the dope volume of film and the ratio of stoste volume, obtain mushroom pigment through after the clear liquid concentrate drying of ultra-filtration membrane, after not adopting vacuum and low temperature liquid continuous drier to carry out drying through the dope of ultra-filtration membrane, obtain Lentinus Edodes protein;
(6) hot water extraction: by the screen overflow in step (3) by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:(4 ~ 5) adding distil water prepares burden, after stirring, add the citric acid of dried thin mushroom weight 1.8% ~ 2.2%, 55 ~ 65min is extracted at 85 ~ 95 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugation time 5 ~ 10min, collect supernatant liquor, residue is used for second extraction, the distilled water of residue 4 ~ 5 times of volumes is added in residue, at 85 ~ 95 DEG C, carry out second time extract 55 ~ 65min, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugation time 5 ~ 10min, collect supernatant liquor, residue is used for three times and extracts, the distilled water of residue 3 ~ 4 times of volumes is added in residue, at 85 ~ 95 DEG C, carry out third time extract 55 ~ 65min, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugation time 5 ~ 10min, collect supernatant liquor, residue enters next step drying process, merge the supernatant liquor of above-mentioned three times and cross 300 ~ 400 mesh sieves, lentinan is obtained by the filtrate concentrate drying of sieve,
(7) residue is dry: by above-mentioned centrifugal after residue dry under 70 ~ 90 DEG C of conditions, pulverized 60 ~ 80 mesh sieves, can mushroom dietary fiber be obtained.
Just because of well-designed to above technique of contriver, each step is closely connected, all linked with one another, just achieves the comprehensive development and utilization of dried thin mushroom safety, low cost.Advantages found of the present invention formerly adopts low temperature immersing extraction to go out the material such as soluble proteins and small molecules carbohydrate, pigment in dried thin mushroom, make foreign matter content in the lentinan of subsequent extracted few, of light color, not needing to add maltodextrin directly can carry out spraying dry; In addition, this method can extract the lentinan of in dried thin mushroom more than 90%, and this effective constituent is fully utilized.Advantage of the present invention is also embodied in the separation of Lentinus Edodes protein and dry employing ultra-filtration and separation is concentrated and low temperature continous vacuum belt drying technology, Lentinus Edodes protein is separated with small-molecule substance, both achieved under normal temperature be separated, concentrated, dry Lentinus Edodes protein, the decomposition avoiding activeconstituents destroys, and synchronously can realize again decolouring and the preliminary purification of lentinan.
Specific implementation process of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) dried thin mushroom is pulverized and sieved, require that the grinding particle size of material is between 20 ~ 60 orders;
(2) material after pulverizing is by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:(20 ~ 25) add water and prepare burden, after stirring, at 0 ~ 5 DEG C, soak 35 ~ 45min;
(3) above-mentioned cold mixture of carrying is crossed 80 ~ 120 mesh sieves, the water content standard of screen overflow is: when firmly holding with hand, anhydrously oozes out;
(4) the cold extract having crossed 80 ~ 120 mesh sieves was continued 300 ~ 400 mesh sieves, screen overflow discards;
(5) by the extracting solution of having crossed 300 ~ 400 mesh sieves 0.4 ~ 0.6MPa, 20 ~ 40 DEG C, be the ultra-filtration membrane of 5000 ~ 10000 by molecular weight cut-off, be not 1:8 ~ 1:10 through the dope volume of film and the ratio of stoste volume, clear liquid through ultra-filtration membrane need carry out concentrating under reduced pressure at 75 ~ 85 DEG C, the volume of concentrated solution and the ratio of stoste volume are 1:10 ~ 1:12, then 80 ~ 90 DEG C of oven dry, the mushroom pigment obtained is very easily water-soluble, and with strong mushroom fragrance, can be used as natural essence and pigment; Dope not through ultra-filtration membrane adopts vacuum and low temperature liquid continuous drier to carry out drying, and temperature controls between 25 ~ 35 DEG C, and vacuum tightness is ﹣ 0.095 ~ ﹣ 0.099MPa, thus guarantees the biological activity of Lentinus Edodes protein;
(6) by the screen overflow of 80 ~ 120 mesh sieves by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:(4 ~ 5) adding distil water prepares burden, solid-to-liquid ratio is now the weight in wet base of screen overflow and the ratio of distilled water, as with the weighing scale of dried thin mushroom, to prepare burden in ratio below: the cold weight carrying rear wet feed is about 3 ~ 4 times of siccative weight, add the distilled water of 4 ~ 5 times on this basis again, after stirring, add the citric acid of dried thin mushroom weight 1.8% ~ 2.2%, 55 ~ 65min is extracted at 85 ~ 95 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugation time 5 ~ 10min, collect supernatant liquor, residue is used for second extraction, the distilled water of residue 4 ~ 5 times of volumes is added in residue, at 85 ~ 95 DEG C, carry out second time extract 55 ~ 65min, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugation time 5 ~ 10min, collect supernatant liquor, residue is used for three times and extracts, the distilled water of residue 3 ~ 4 times of volumes is added in residue, at 85 ~ 95 DEG C, carry out third time extract 55 ~ 65min, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugation time 5 ~ 10min, collect supernatant liquor, residue enters next step drying process, merge the supernatant liquor of above-mentioned three times and cross 300 ~ 400 mesh sieves, concentrating under reduced pressure is carried out at 80 ~ 90 DEG C by the filtrate of sieve, the volume of concentrated solution and the ratio of stoste volume are 1:8 ~ 1:10, then it is 180 ~ 190 DEG C in inlet temperature, air outlet temperature is carry out spraying dry while hot under the condition of 90 ~ 100 DEG C, obtain lentinan powder,
(7) by above-mentioned centrifugal after residue dry under 70 ~ 90 DEG C of conditions, pulverized 60 ~ 80 mesh sieves, can mushroom dietary fiber be obtained.
When aforesaid method carries out, in order to ensure the permeability of ultra-filtration membrane, as the case may be ultra-filtration membrane is cleaned at use 2 ~ 3 all after dates.During cleaning, first taken out of by the sample liquid remained in film with pure water, then wash by the NaOH solution of pH=11 ~ 12, pressure-controlling is at 0.2 ~ 0.4MPa, and temperature controls at 20 ~ 40 DEG C, and when effluent liquid is close to time colourless, alkali cleaning terminates, then uses pure water rinsing.
In sum, advantage of the present invention is can extract from dried thin mushroom simultaneously and obtains the product that mushroom pigment, Lentinus Edodes protein, lentinan and mushroom dietary fiber four kinds has nutrition and health care function concurrently.First, the mushroom pigment that the present invention obtains not only remains the reducing sugar of 1.5% and the oligose of 2% in dried thin mushroom, also has strong mushroom fragrance, can as the good source of natural pigment, not only nutritive health-care but also safety; Secondly, the Lentinus Edodes protein that the present invention obtains adopts low temperature extraction process by water, membrane filtration and low temperature continous vacuum belt drying technology to produce, with existing use alkalinity extraction or adopt different solvents to carry out compared with grading extraction, extraction time obviously shortens, extraction efficiency significantly improves, biological activity obviously strengthens, and the Lentinus Edodes protein powder adopting the present invention to obtain has good water-soluble, can widespread use in food; Again, the lentinan that the present invention obtains adopts step by step arithmetic in short-term, leaching process does not use ethanol, only with the addition of the citric acid of food grade, spray-drying process does not need to add maltodextrin yet, compared with existing method, and the polysaccharide lighter color of acquisition, extraction time is short, and extraction is complete and security is high; Finally, the mushroom dietary fiber that the present invention obtains remains fibers a large amount of in mushroom, ash content, mineral substance and provitamin D, has good nourishing function, can extensively make an addition in food.This invention not only makes various nutrition and health care composition in mushroom obtain fully effective utilization, and the whole explained hereafter cycle is short, and extraction yield is high, cost-saving and energy consumption, easy and simple to handle, achieves the comprehensive development and utilization of mushroom low cost.
Embodiment
Following examples are intended to the present invention instead of limitation of the invention further are described.
Embodiment 1
Dried thin mushroom (perigone mushroom) is crushed to 20 orders, adds water by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:20 and prepare burden, after stirring, at 0 DEG C, soak 40min; Cold mixture of carrying crosses 100 mesh sieves, and the water content standard of stand-by screen overflow is: when firmly holding with hand, anhydrously oozes out; Filtered solution continued 300 mesh sieves, and screen overflow discards; Filtered solution 0.5MPa, 40 DEG C, be the ultra-filtration membrane of 5000 by molecular weight cut-off, be not 1:8 through the dope volume of film and the ratio of stoste volume, clear liquid through ultra-filtration membrane carries out concentrating under reduced pressure at 80 DEG C, the volume of concentrated solution and the ratio of stoste volume are 1:10, then 85 DEG C of oven dry, mushroom pigment can be obtained.This pigment is very easily water-soluble, and with strong mushroom fragrance, the aqueous solution is shiny red, and this pigment remains the reducing sugar of 1.43% in mushroom dry powder, the oligose of 2.08% after measured, can be used as natural essence and pigment; The vacuum and low temperature liquid continuous drier not adopting Shanghai Minjie Machinery Co. Ltd. to develop through the dope of ultra-filtration membrane carries out drying, temperature of charge is 30 DEG C, vacuum tightness is ﹣ 0.098MPa, the Lentinus Edodes protein powder obtained has good instantly-soluble, yield is 8.6%, after testing, containing 34.2% protein, the soluble dietary fibre of 3.1%, the insoluble dietary fibre of 1.8%.
Prepared burden by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:4.5 adding distil water by the stand-by screen overflow of 100 mesh sieves, solid-to-liquid ratio is now the weight in wet base of screen overflow and the ratio of distilled water, as with the weighing scale of dried thin mushroom, to prepare burden in ratio below: the cold weight carrying rear wet feed is 3.3 times of siccative weight, adds the distilled water of 4.5 times on this basis again, after stirring, add the citric acid of dried thin mushroom weight 1.9%, 60min is extracted at 90 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000r/min, centrifugation time 5min, collect clear liquid, residue is used for second extraction, the distilled water of residue 4 times of volumes is added in residue, 60min is extracted at 90 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000r/min, centrifugation time 5min, collect clear liquid, residue is used for three times and extracts, the distilled water of residue 3 times of volumes is added in residue, 60min is extracted at 90 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000r/min, centrifugation time 5min, collect clear liquid, merge the supernatant liquor of three times and cross 300 mesh sieves, clear liquid after sieving is carried out concentrating under reduced pressure at 85 DEG C, the volume of concentrated solution and the ratio of stoste volume are 1:8, then it is 180 DEG C in inlet temperature, air outlet temperature is carry out spraying dry while hot under the condition of 90 DEG C, obtain flaxen lentinan powder, yield is 13.3%, after testing, polysaccharide content is 43%, insoluble dietary fibre content is 0.28%.Dried under 70 DEG C of conditions by residue after centrifugal for above-mentioned third time, pulverized 60 mesh sieves, can obtain mushroom dietary fiber, after testing, its polysaccharide content is 0.65%, shows that the soluble saccharide of in dried thin mushroom more than 90% is effectively separated.By this technique, the activeconstituents in mushroom obtains enrichment in various degree, forms the multiple product with nutrition and health care function, achieves mushroom comprehensive utilization and maximizes.
Embodiment 2
Dried thin mushroom (937) is crushed to 40 orders, adds water by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:25 and prepare burden, after stirring, at 4 DEG C, soak 35min; Cold mixture of carrying crosses 80 mesh sieves, and the water content standard of stand-by screen overflow is: when firmly holding with hand, anhydrously oozes out; Filtered solution continued 300 mesh sieves, and screen overflow discards; Filtered solution 0.5MPa, 35 DEG C, be the ultra-filtration membrane of 5000 by molecular weight cut-off, be not 1:9 through the dope volume of film and the ratio of stoste volume, clear liquid 85 DEG C through ultra-filtration membrane carries out concentrating under reduced pressure, the volume of concentrated solution and the ratio of stoste volume are 1:11, then 90 DEG C of oven dry, mushroom pigment can be obtained.This pigment is very easily water-soluble, and with strong mushroom fragrance, the aqueous solution is shiny red, and this pigment remains the reducing sugar of 1.49% in mushroom dry powder, the oligose of 2.18% after measured, can be used as natural essence and pigment; The vacuum and low temperature liquid continuous drier not adopting Shanghai Minjie Machinery Co. Ltd. to develop through the dope of ultra-filtration membrane carries out drying, temperature of charge is 30 DEG C, vacuum tightness is ﹣ 0.098MPa, the Lentinus Edodes protein powder obtained has good instantly-soluble, yield is 8.9%, after testing, containing 35.8% protein, the soluble dietary fibre of 3.4%, the insoluble dietary fibre of 1.9%.
Prepared burden by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:5 adding distil water by the stand-by screen overflow of 80 mesh sieves, solid-to-liquid ratio is now the weight in wet base of screen overflow and the ratio of distilled water, as with the weighing scale of dried thin mushroom, to prepare burden in ratio below: the cold weight carrying rear wet feed is 3.8 times of siccative weight, adds the distilled water of 5 times on this basis again, after stirring, add the citric acid of dried thin mushroom weight 2%, 60min is extracted at 95 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4500r/min, centrifugation time 8min, collect clear liquid, residue is used for second extraction, the distilled water of residue 4.5 times of volumes is added in residue, 60min is extracted at 95 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4500r/min, centrifugation time 8min, collect clear liquid, residue is used for three times and extracts, the distilled water of residue 3.5 times of volumes is added in residue, 60min is extracted at 95 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4500r/min, centrifugation time 8min, collect clear liquid, merge the supernatant liquor of three times and cross 300 mesh sieves, clear liquid after sieving is carried out concentrating under reduced pressure at 80 DEG C, the volume of concentrated solution and the ratio of stoste volume are 1:9, then it is 190 DEG C in inlet temperature, air outlet temperature is carry out spraying dry while hot under the condition of 95 DEG C, obtain lentinan powder, yield is 13.8%, after testing, polysaccharide content is 45%, insoluble dietary fibre content is 0.33%.Dried under 80 DEG C of conditions by residue after centrifugal for above-mentioned third time, pulverized 80 mesh sieves, can obtain mushroom dietary fiber, after testing, its polysaccharide content is 0.61%, shows that the soluble saccharide of in dried thin mushroom more than 90% is effectively separated.By this technique, the activeconstituents in mushroom obtains enrichment in various degree, forms the multiple product with nutrition and health care function, achieves mushroom comprehensive utilization and maximizes.
Embodiment 3
Dried thin mushroom (937) is crushed to 60 orders, adds water by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:25 and prepare burden, after stirring, at 4 DEG C, soak 45min; Cold mixture of carrying crosses 120 mesh sieves, and the water content standard of stand-by screen overflow is: when firmly holding with hand, anhydrously oozes out; Filtered solution continued 300 mesh sieves, and screen overflow discards; Filtered solution 0.6MPa, 35 DEG C, be the ultra-filtration membrane of 10000 by molecular weight cut-off, be not 1:10 through the dope volume of film and the ratio of stoste volume, clear liquid 80 DEG C through ultra-filtration membrane carries out concentrating under reduced pressure, the volume of concentrated solution and the ratio of stoste volume are 1:12, then 80 DEG C of oven dry, mushroom pigment can be obtained.This pigment is very easily water-soluble, and with strong mushroom fragrance, the aqueous solution is shiny red, and this pigment remains the reducing sugar of 1.53% in mushroom dry powder, the oligose of 2.24% after measured, can be used as natural essence and pigment; The vacuum and low temperature liquid continuous drier not adopting Shanghai Minjie Machinery Co. Ltd. to develop through the dope of ultra-filtration membrane carries out drying, temperature of charge is 30 DEG C, vacuum tightness is ﹣ 0.098MPa, the Lentinus Edodes protein powder obtained has good instantly-soluble, yield is 9.1%, after testing, containing 36.7% protein, the soluble dietary fibre of 3.1%, the insoluble dietary fibre of 1.7%.
Prepared burden by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:4 adding distil water by the stand-by screen overflow of 120 mesh sieves, solid-to-liquid ratio is now the weight in wet base of screen overflow and the ratio of distilled water, as with the weighing scale of dried thin mushroom, to prepare burden in ratio below: the cold weight carrying rear wet feed is 4 times of siccative weight, adds the distilled water of 4 times on this basis again, after stirring, add the citric acid of dried thin mushroom weight 2.2%, 60min is extracted at 90 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 5000r/min, centrifugation time 10min, collect clear liquid, residue is used for second extraction, the distilled water of residue 4 times of volumes is added in residue, 60min is extracted at 90 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 5000r/min, centrifugation time 10min, collect clear liquid, residue is used for three times and extracts, the distilled water of residue 4 times of volumes is added in residue, 60min is extracted at 90 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 5000r/min, centrifugation time 10min, collect clear liquid, merge the supernatant liquor of three times and cross 300 mesh sieves, clear liquid after sieving is carried out concentrating under reduced pressure at 90 DEG C, the volume of concentrated solution and the ratio of stoste volume are 1:10, then it is 180 DEG C in inlet temperature, air outlet temperature is carry out spraying dry while hot under the condition of 100 DEG C, obtain lentinan powder, yield is 14.1%, after testing, polysaccharide content is 46%, insoluble dietary fibre content is 0.37%.Dried under 90 DEG C of conditions by residue after centrifugal for above-mentioned third time, pulverized 80 mesh sieves, can obtain mushroom dietary fiber, after testing, its polysaccharide content is 0.66%, shows that the soluble saccharide of in dried thin mushroom more than 90% is effectively separated.By this technique, the activeconstituents in mushroom obtains enrichment in various degree, forms the multiple product with nutrition and health care function, achieves mushroom comprehensive utilization and maximizes.
The present invention is by the use of the physical methods such as low temperature, high temperature, membrane filtration, achieve the comprehensive utilization of mushroom low cost, maintain the biological activity of each extract to greatest extent, in turn ensure that its security, the pigment produced by this method, albumen, polysaccharide, food fibre can directly add in food, not only nutritive health-care but also safety.Secondly the mushroom pigment produced by this method is very easily water-soluble and have strong mushroom fragrance, wherein containing the reducing sugar of 1.5%, the oligose of 2% in dried thin mushroom, can be used as natural essence and pigment; The Lentinus Edodes protein produced by this method has good instantly-soluble, and yield is about 9%, and wherein protein content is 35%, and soluble dietary fibre content is 3.3%, and insoluble dietary fibre content is 1.8%; The lentinan produced by this method is pale yellow powder, and yield is about 14%, and its polysaccharide content is 45%, and the content of insoluble dietary fibre is 0.3%; Residue after extraction can be used as the good source of food fibre, wherein the content of soluble polysaccharide is only 0.6%, by this technique, the polysaccharide of in dried thin mushroom more than 90% can be extracted, and form the multiple product having nutrition and health care function concurrently, this not only can reduce the production cost of mushroom deep processing enterprise, improves value-added content of product, and can promote the development of mushroom plant husbandry and food service industry.
Claims (8)
1. utilize dried thin mushroom to produce a method for pigment, albumen, polysaccharide and food fibre, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) dried thin mushroom is pulverized: pulverized and sieved by dried thin mushroom, require that the grinding particle size of material is between 20 ~ 60 orders;
(2) cold water lixiviate: by the material after pulverizing by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:(20 ~ 25) add water and prepare burden, after stirring, at 0 ~ 5 DEG C, soak 35 ~ 45min;
(3) scalping: above-mentioned cold mixture of carrying is crossed 80 ~ 120 mesh sieves, screen overflow is used for step (6), enters next step (4) by the cold extract of sieve;
(4) dusting cover: the cold extract that step (3) obtains is crossed 300 ~ 400 mesh sieves, and screen overflow discards, enters next step (5) by the filtrate of sieve;
(5) ultrafiltration: by filtrate 0.4 ~ 0.6MPa, 20 ~ 40 DEG C, be the ultra-filtration membrane of 5000 ~ 10000 by molecular weight cut-off, be not 1:8 ~ 1:10 through the dope volume of film and the ratio of stoste volume, obtain mushroom pigment through after the clear liquid concentrate drying of ultra-filtration membrane, after not adopting vacuum and low temperature liquid continuous drier to carry out drying through the dope of ultra-filtration membrane, obtain Lentinus Edodes protein;
(6) hot water extraction: by the screen overflow in step (3) by solid-liquid mass ratio 1:(4 ~ 5) adding distil water prepares burden, after stirring, add the citric acid of dried thin mushroom weight 1.8% ~ 2.2%, 55 ~ 65min is extracted at 85 ~ 95 DEG C, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugation time 5 ~ 10min, collect supernatant liquor, residue is used for second extraction, the distilled water of residue 4 ~ 5 times of volumes is added in residue, at 85 ~ 95 DEG C, carry out second time extract 55 ~ 65min, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugation time 5 ~ 10min, collect supernatant liquor, residue is used for three times and extracts, the distilled water of residue 3 ~ 4 times of volumes is added in residue, at 85 ~ 95 DEG C, carry out third time extract 55 ~ 65min, after extraction terminates, centrifugal, revolution is 4000 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugation time 5 ~ 10min, collect supernatant liquor, residue enters next step drying process, merge the supernatant liquor of above-mentioned three times and cross 300 ~ 400 mesh sieves, lentinan is obtained by the filtrate concentrate drying of sieve,
(7) residue is dry: by above-mentioned centrifugal after residue dry under 70 ~ 90 DEG C of conditions, pulverized 60 ~ 80 mesh sieves, can mushroom dietary fiber be obtained.
2. utilize dried thin mushroom to produce the method for pigment, albumen, polysaccharide and food fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (3), the screen overflow water content standard of scalping is: when firmly holding with hand, anhydrously to ooze out.
3. utilize dried thin mushroom to produce the method for pigment, albumen, polysaccharide and food fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: need at 75 ~ 85 DEG C of concentrating under reduced pressure through the clear liquid of ultra-filtration membrane in step (5), the volume of concentrated solution and the ratio of stoste volume are 1:10 ~ 1:12, then 80 ~ 90 DEG C of oven dry, the mushroom pigment obtained is very easily water-soluble, after dissolving, solution is shiny red, and with strong mushroom fragrance.
4. utilize dried thin mushroom to produce the method for pigment, albumen, polysaccharide and food fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the dope not through ultra-filtration membrane in step (5) need adopt vacuum and low temperature liquid continuous drier to carry out drying, whole drying process, temperature of charge controls between 25 ~ 35 DEG C, vacuum tightness, at ﹣ 0.095 ~ ﹣ 0.099MPa, can guarantee the biological activity of Lentinus Edodes protein like this.
5. utilize dried thin mushroom to produce the method for pigment, albumen, polysaccharide and food fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the solid-to-liquid ratio in step (6) during hot water extraction is the weight in wet base of screen overflow and the ratio of distilled water; As with the weighing scale of dried thin mushroom, to prepare burden in ratio below: the cold weight carrying rear wet feed is about 3 ~ 4 times of siccative weight, add the distilled water of 4 ~ 5 times on this basis again.
6. utilize dried thin mushroom to produce the method for pigment, albumen, polysaccharide and food fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: after 300 ~ 400 mesh sieves crossed by the supernatant liquor that in step (6), three times are extracted, concentrating under reduced pressure need be carried out at 80 ~ 90 DEG C, the volume of concentrated solution and the ratio of stoste volume are 1:8 ~ 1:10, then under the condition of inlet temperature 180 ~ 190 DEG C, air outlet temperature 90 ~ 100 DEG C, carry out spraying dry, obtain lentinan powder.
7. the dried thin mushroom that utilizes as described in claim 1 or 6 produces the method for pigment, albumen, polysaccharide and food fibre, it is characterized in that: need spray while hot when lentinan concentrated solution carries out spraying dry.
8. utilize dried thin mushroom to produce the method for pigment, albumen, polysaccharide and food fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described dried thin mushroom is the various models of booth plantation, the mushroom of various quality, comprises 937 and/or perigone mushroom etc.
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