CN105777926B - Method for comprehensively extracting effective components from walnuts - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively extracting effective components from walnuts, which comprises the following steps: 1) grinding semen Juglandis with water into semen Juglandis slurry, inactivating enzyme, adding complex enzyme, reacting, centrifuging to obtain clear oil, hydrolysate and residue, and collecting clear oil to obtain fatty acid; 2) inactivating enzyme of the hydrolysate, adding ethanol for precipitation, centrifuging, collecting supernatant and the first precipitate, and lyophilizing the supernatant to obtain active peptide; 3) adding deionized water into the residue obtained in the step 1), performing ultrasonic-vacuum extraction, and performing suction filtration to obtain a polysaccharide extracting solution; evaporating for concentration, precipitating with ethanol, centrifuging to obtain second precipitate, mixing with the first precipitate, decolorizing, centrifuging, and drying to obtain polysaccharide. The method can obtain the fatty acid, the active peptide and the polysaccharide in the walnut kernels, and has the advantages of simple operation, less time consumption, low energy consumption, environment-friendly solvent, high purity of the active peptide, good quality and high yield of the fatty acid, the active peptide and the polysaccharide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for obtaining active ingredient comprehensive from walnut.
Background technology
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) also known as English walnut, Qiang peach belong to Juglandaceae walnut.In China, walnut is planted
Training area occupies first place in the world.Walnut is a kind of to integrate the excellent of the nutritional factors such as protein, fat, cellulose, vitamin
Dry fruit based food, full of nutrition, economic value is high, warm-natured, sweet in flavor, nontoxic, has stomach invigorating, enriches blood, moistening lung, reposes and other effects.
The pharmacological activity of walnut has very much, most important to have：Antitumor activity, inoxidizability, bacteriostasis and blood pressure lowering
Effect etc..
It is reported that contain high-quality fatty 63.00~70.00g, 14.60~19.00g of protein, carbon water per 100g walnut kernel
5.40~10.00g of compound, phosphorus 280.00mg, calcium 85.00mg, iron 2.60mg, potassium 3.00mg, vitamin A 0.36mg, dimension life
Plain B10.26mg, vitamin B2 0.15mg, niacin 1.00mg, riboflavin 0.11mg, niacin 1.00mg, thiamine 0.17mg,
Also containing minerals and vitamins E, the vitamin Ks such as a small amount of selenium, manganese, chromium etc., contain abundant lecithin.
The highest ingredient of content is fat in walnut kernel, and the oil content of walnut kernel is up to 60%~70%, in walnut oil not
The content of saturated fatty acid is also up to 90%.The linoleic acid plus linolenic acid for having content relatively high especially in walnut kernel is beneficial
Health, palmitic acid and stearic acid belong to saturated fatty acid, using can excessively cause angiocardiopathy, and compared to other edible oils
Aliphatic acid, the stearic content for the palmitic acid that walnut oil contains are relatively low.
The content of albumen accounts for about 13~16% in walnut, and altogether containing 4 kinds of albumen, highest content is glutelin, is alkali soluble
Property albumen, account for more than the 70% of walnut protein total amount, in addition three kinds by content arrangement be followed successively by globulin, albumin and alcohol karst valley
Albumen.Walnut protein can obtain walnut polypeptide after protease hydrolytic, belong to biologically active peptide, have antioxidant activity, antibacterial
A variety of pharmacological activity such as property and hypotensive activity.
Walnut contains the polysaccharide of high level, and polysaccharide and its compound are the natural macromolecular substances of nature rich content
One of, the activity of sustaining life is played a crucial role.In immunological regulation, antitumor, antiviral, anti-oxidant and drop blood
Sugar etc. shows good application prospect.
For the method for extraction aliphatic acid mainly using organic phase lixiviation process, extraction process easily causes pollution at present, and obtain
Aliphatic acid is mostly remaining with organic reagent so that quality decline.The method of extraction active peptide and polysaccharide then mainly takes protease
Hydrolyze method and simple Hot water extraction, extraction time is long and yield is relatively low.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method of effective component extracting comprehensive from walnut.
The technical method of the present invention is summarized as follows：
A kind of method of effective component extracting comprehensive from walnut, it is characterized in that including the following steps：
1) walnut kernel is added into water mill into walnut pulp, enzyme deactivation adds in complex enzyme, complex enzyme for walnut kernel quality 2%~
5%, at 30 DEG C~60 DEG C, under conditions of pH is 7~9,1.5h~4h is reacted, centrifugation obtains edible vegetable oil, hydrolyzate and residue three
Point, edible vegetable oil is collected, obtains aliphatic acid；
2) hydrolyzate is warming up to 80~100 DEG C of enzyme deactivations, adds in ethyl alcohol to more than 70% ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration and precipitated,
Centrifugation collects supernatant and the first sediment, supernatant is lyophilized, obtains active peptide；
3) it is 1 in mass ratio:20~1:40 ratio adds in deionized water, in ultrasound into the residue of step 1) acquisition
Wave power 400W~700W, vacuum degree 0.02MPa~0.08MPa under conditions of 60 DEG C~80 DEG C, extract 10min~50min,
It filters, filter residue, which repeats, extracts secondary, merging filtrate, obtains the extracting solution of polysaccharide；By the polysaccharide extraction liquid at 40~60 DEG C
With concentrate is concentrated by evaporation to obtain under the conditions of 0.06~0.1MPa, ethyl alcohol is added in concentrate to more than 70% ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration
It is precipitated, is centrifuged, collect second of sediment, described second precipitation is merged into always with the first described sediment
Sediment washs decoloration with absolute ethyl alcohol, centrifuges, dry, obtains polysaccharide.
Complex enzyme is by 1:1:1~3 pectase, cellulase and protease composition.
The protease be alkali protease, trypsase, neutral proteinase and composite plant hydrolysising protease at least
It is a kind of.
The method of the present invention can obtain aliphatic acid, active peptide and polysaccharide in walnut kernel, easy to operate, take few, energy consumption
Low, solvent environmental protection, active peptide purity are high, and quality is good, and the yield of aliphatic acid, active peptide and polysaccharide is high, respectively 47.5%,
17.6% and more than 9.3%, it can reach 61.6%, 24.2% and 11.3%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that aliphatic acid, active peptide, the polysaccharide that walnut conventional method and method (synthesis) of the invention obtain averagely obtain
Rate compares.
Fig. 2 is the method process flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Composite plant hydrolysising protease is produced for Tianjin Nuo Ao enzyme preparations Co., Ltd.
With reference to specific embodiment to a kind of method of effective component extracting comprehensive from walnut provided by the invention into
Row is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of effective component extracting comprehensive from walnut, includes the following steps：
1) by under the conditions of 4 DEG C of walnut kernel plus the water of 10 mass times impregnates for 24 hours, walnut pulp is worn into, 100 DEG C of enzyme deactivation 5min add
Enter complex enzyme, complex enzyme is the 2% of walnut kernel quality, at 40 DEG C, under conditions of pH is 7.5, reacts 4h, centrifugation, obtain edible vegetable oil,
Hydrolyzate and residue three parts collect edible vegetable oil, obtain aliphatic acid, yield 52.9%；Complex enzyme is 1 by mass ratio:1:1:1
Pectase, cellulase, trypsase and neutral proteinase composition；
2) hydrolyzate described in step 1) is warming up to 100 DEG C of enzyme deactivations, adds in ethyl alcohol to ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration 70% and carry out
Precipitation, centrifugation collect supernatant and the first sediment, supernatant are lyophilized, obtains active peptide, yield 18.3%；
3) it is 1 in mass ratio:20 ratio adds in deionized water into the residue of step 1) acquisition, is placed in ultrasound-vacuum
Device, in ultrasonic power 600W, vacuum degree 0.02MPa under conditions of 80 DEG C, extracts 10min, filters, filter residue, which repeats, to be carried
Secondary, merging filtrate is taken, obtains the extracting solution of polysaccharide；The polysaccharide extraction liquid is concentrated by evaporation under the conditions of 40 DEG C and 0.1MPa
Concentrate is obtained, ethyl alcohol to ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration 70% is added in concentrate and is precipitated, is centrifuged, collects second of precipitation
Described second precipitation is merged into total sediment, with the anhydrous second of total 2 mass of sediment times by object with the first described sediment
Alcohol washing decoloration, totally 5 times, centrifugation precipitates drying, obtains polysaccharide, yield 9.7%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of effective component extracting comprehensive from walnut, includes the following steps：
1) by under the conditions of 4 DEG C of walnut kernel plus the water of 10 mass times impregnates for 24 hours, walnut pulp is worn into, 100 DEG C of enzyme deactivation 5min add
Enter complex enzyme, complex enzyme is the 3% of walnut kernel quality, at 45 DEG C, under conditions of pH is 8, reacts 2h, centrifugation obtains edible vegetable oil, water
Liquid and residue three parts are solved, edible vegetable oil is collected, obtains aliphatic acid, yield 52.3%；Complex enzyme is 1 by mass ratio:1:1 pectin
Enzyme, cellulase and composite plant hydrolysising protease composition；
2) hydrolyzate described in step 1) is warming up to 90 DEG C of enzyme deactivations, adds in ethyl alcohol to ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration 75% and sunk
It forms sediment, centrifugation collects supernatant and the first sediment, supernatant is lyophilized, obtains active peptide, yield 17.6%；
3) it is 1 in mass ratio:30 ratio adds in deionized water into the residue of step 1) acquisition, is placed in ultrasound-vacuum
Device, in ultrasonic power 500W, vacuum degree 0.05MPa under conditions of 70 DEG C, extracts 20min, filters, filter residue, which repeats, to be carried
Secondary, merging filtrate is taken, obtains the extracting solution of polysaccharide；The polysaccharide extraction liquid is evaporated under the conditions of 50 DEG C and 0.08MPa dense
Contract to obtain concentrate, and ethyl alcohol to ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration 80% is added in concentrate and is precipitated, is centrifuged, and collects second and sinks
Described second precipitation is merged into total sediment by starch with the first described sediment, anhydrous with total 2 mass of sediment times
Ethyl alcohol washing decoloration, totally 5 times, centrifugation precipitates drying, obtains polysaccharide, yield 9.3%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of effective component extracting comprehensive from walnut, includes the following steps：
1) by under the conditions of 4 DEG C of walnut kernel plus the water of 10 mass times impregnates for 24 hours, walnut pulp is worn into, 100 DEG C of enzyme deactivation 5min add
Enter complex enzyme, complex enzyme is the 5% of walnut kernel quality, at 30 DEG C, under conditions of pH is 7, reacts 3h, centrifugation obtains edible vegetable oil, water
Liquid and residue three parts are solved, edible vegetable oil is collected, obtains aliphatic acid, yield 47.5%；Complex enzyme is 1 by mass ratio:1:1:1:1
Pectase, cellulase, alkali protease, neutral proteinase and composite plant hydrolysising protease composition；
2) hydrolyzate described in step 1) is warming up to 80 DEG C of enzyme deactivations, adds in ethyl alcohol to ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration 80% and sunk
It forms sediment, centrifugation collects supernatant and the first sediment, supernatant is lyophilized, obtains active peptide, yield 19.2%；
3) it is 1 in mass ratio:40 ratio adds in deionized water into the residue of step 1) acquisition, is placed in ultrasound-vacuum
Device, in ultrasonic power 400W, vacuum degree 0.07MPa under conditions of 75 DEG C, extracts 30min, filters, filter residue, which repeats, to be carried
Secondary, merging filtrate is taken, obtains the extracting solution of polysaccharide；The polysaccharide extraction liquid is evaporated under the conditions of 60 DEG C and 0.06MPa dense
Contract to obtain concentrate, and ethyl alcohol to ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration 85% is added in concentrate and is precipitated, is centrifuged, and collects second and sinks
Described second precipitation is merged into total sediment by starch with the first described sediment, anhydrous with total 2 mass of sediment times
Ethyl alcohol washing decoloration, totally 5 times, centrifugation precipitates drying, obtains polysaccharide, yield 10.4%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method of effective component extracting comprehensive from walnut, includes the following steps：
1) by under the conditions of 4 DEG C of walnut kernel plus the water of 10 mass times impregnates for 24 hours, walnut pulp is worn into, 100 DEG C of enzyme deactivation 5min add
Enter complex enzyme, complex enzyme is the 4% of walnut kernel quality, at 60 DEG C, under conditions of pH is 9, reacts 1.5h, centrifugation, obtain edible vegetable oil,
Hydrolyzate and residue three parts collect edible vegetable oil, obtain aliphatic acid, yield 61.6%；Complex enzyme is 1 by mass ratio:1:1:1
Pectase, cellulase, trypsase and alkali protease composition；
2) hydrolyzate described in step 1) is warming up to 95 DEG C of enzyme deactivations, adds in ethyl alcohol to ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration 90% and sunk
It forms sediment, centrifugation collects supernatant and the first sediment, supernatant is lyophilized, obtains active peptide, yield 24.2%；
3) it is 1 in mass ratio:35 ratio adds in deionized water into the residue of step 1) acquisition, is placed in ultrasound-vacuum
Device, in ultrasonic power 700W, vacuum degree 0.08MPa under conditions of 60 DEG C, extracts 50min, filters, filter residue, which repeats, to be carried
Secondary, merging filtrate is taken, obtains the extracting solution of polysaccharide；The polysaccharide extraction liquid is concentrated by evaporation under the conditions of 45 DEG C and 0.1MPa
Concentrate is obtained, ethyl alcohol to ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration 90% is added in concentrate and is precipitated, is centrifuged, collects second of precipitation
Described second precipitation is merged into total sediment, with the anhydrous second of total 2 mass of sediment times by object with the first described sediment
Alcohol washing decoloration, totally 5 times, centrifugation precipitates drying, obtains polysaccharide, yield 11.3%.
Embodiment 5
The method that conventional method distinguishes effective component extracting from walnut, includes the following steps：
1) walnut kernel is crushed into obtain the broken benevolence of walnut using medicinal material pulverizer, adds in the petroleum ether of walnut broken 8 mass of benevolence times,
Under conditions of ultrasonic power is 300W, 60min is reacted, is filtered, collects supernatant and the first residue, the supernatant is at 40 DEG C
Petroleum ether is removed with being concentrated by evaporation under the conditions of 0.1MPa, obtains aliphatic acid, yield 34.0%；
2) it is in mass ratio 1 by the first residue of step 1) degreasing:35 ratio adds in deionized water, at 100 DEG C
Under conditions of, 2.5h is extracted, is filtered, filter residue, which repeats, extracts secondary, merging collection filtrate and second of residue, the filtrate,
Concentrate is concentrated by evaporation to obtain under the conditions of 40 DEG C and 0.1MPa, ethyl alcohol to ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration 70% is added in concentrate and is carried out
Precipitation centrifuges, and collects sediment, and decoloration is washed with the absolute ethyl alcohol of sediment 2 mass times, totally 5 times, centrifugation, and precipitation is dry
It is dry, obtain polysaccharide, yield 6.7%；
3) it is in mass ratio 1 by residue in the second of step 2):20 ratio adds in deionized water, and it is the to add
6% alkali protease of two kinds of mass of residue at 50 DEG C, under conditions of pH is 9, reacts 2.5h, and hydrolyzate is collected in centrifugation,
Freeze-drying, obtains active peptide, yield 19.6%.
Embodiment 6
The method that conventional method distinguishes effective component extracting from walnut, includes the following steps：
1) walnut kernel is crushed into obtain the broken benevolence of walnut using medicinal material pulverizer, adds in the petroleum ether of walnut broken 10 mass of benevolence times,
Under conditions of ultrasonic power is 450W, 40min is reacted, is filtered, collects supernatant and the first residue, the supernatant is 45
DEG C and 0.08MPa under the conditions of be concentrated by evaporation remove petroleum ether, obtain aliphatic acid, yield 35.1%；
2) it is in mass ratio 1 by the first residue of step 1) degreasing:40 ratio adds in deionized water, at 90 DEG C
Under conditions of, 2h is extracted, is filtered, filter residue, which repeats, extracts secondary, merging collection filtrate and second of residue, the filtrate,
Concentrate is concentrated by evaporation to obtain under the conditions of 45 DEG C and 0.08MPa, ethyl alcohol to ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration 80% is added in concentrate and is carried out
Precipitation centrifuges, and collects sediment, and decoloration is washed with the absolute ethyl alcohol of sediment 2 mass times, totally 5 times, centrifugation, and precipitation is dry
It is dry, obtain polysaccharide, yield 6.1%；
3) second of residue by step 2) is in mass ratio 1:25 ratio adds in deionized water, and it is the to add
6% trypsase of two kinds of mass of residue at 40 DEG C, under conditions of pH is 8, reacts 3.5h, hydrolyzate is collected in centrifugation, is frozen
It is dry, obtain active peptide, yield 17.3%.
Conventional method bibliography：
1. peaceful space, Lin Lijie, Wang Feng person of outstanding talent's ultrasonic wave assisted extractions Juglans mandshurica oil and its fatty acid analysis [J] food section
Skill, 2014,39 (10):184-188.
2. Zhao Ken fields, beautiful Juglans mandshuricas benevolence soluble polysaccharide hot water Study on extraction [J] the China Forest by-product and specialities of Yan Xiu,
2008(2):17-18.
3. text is emerald green, process optimization [J] the Chinese foods of Zhang Peizheng Enzymatic walnut polypeptides and nutrition, 2010 (4):
52-55。
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method of effective component extracting comprehensive from walnut, it is characterized in that including the following steps：
1) walnut kernel being added into water mill into walnut pulp, enzyme deactivation adds in complex enzyme, and complex enzyme is the 2%~5% of walnut kernel quality,
30 DEG C~60 DEG C, under conditions of pH is 7~9,1.5h~4h is reacted, centrifugation obtains edible vegetable oil, hydrolyzate and residue three parts, receives
Collect edible vegetable oil, obtain aliphatic acid；
2) hydrolyzate is warming up to 80~100 DEG C of enzyme deactivations, adds in ethyl alcohol to more than 70% ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration and precipitated, from
The heart collects supernatant and the first sediment, supernatant is lyophilized, obtains active peptide；
3) it is 1 in mass ratio:20~1:40 ratio adds in deionized water, in ultrasonic wave work(into the residue of step 1) acquisition
Rate 400W~700W, vacuum degree 0.02MPa~0.08MPa under conditions of 60 DEG C~80 DEG C, extract 10min~50min, filter,
Filter residue, which repeats, extracts secondary, merging filtrate, obtains the extracting solution of polysaccharide；By the polysaccharide extraction liquid at 40~60 DEG C and 0.06
Concentrate is concentrated by evaporation to obtain under the conditions of~0.1Mpa, ethyl alcohol to more than 70% ethyl alcohol volumetric concentration is added in concentrate and is sunk
It forms sediment, centrifuges, collect second of sediment, described second precipitation is merged into total precipitation with the first described sediment
Object washs decoloration with absolute ethyl alcohol, centrifuges, dry, obtains polysaccharide；The complex enzyme is by 1:1:1~3 pectase, cellulose
Enzyme and protease composition.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the protease is alkali protease, trypsase, neutrality
At least one of protease and composite plant hydrolysising protease.
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| CN106086143A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-11-09 | 慈晓丽 | A kind of preparation method of kudzu root peptides |
| CN106350555A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-25 | 慈晓丽 | Preparation method of Chinese chestnut peptide |
| CN106333056A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-18 | 慈晓丽 | Method for preparing walnut oil and walnut peptide synchronously |
| CN107259365A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-10-20 | 长沙爱扬医药科技有限公司 | Polysaccharide health-care product is prepared using Talinum crassifolium |
| CN107446978A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-08 | 陈玫辛 | A kind of stem of noble dendrobium small-molecular peptides and preparation method thereof |
| CN108997509B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2021-01-01 | 山东省医学科学院药物研究所（山东省抗衰老研究中心、山东省新技术制药研究所） | Diaphragma juglandis polysaccharide, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109315759A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-12 | 岳西县良中电子商务有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the freeze-drying full powder health-care chewable tablet of agaric rich in Auricularia polysaccharide |
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| CN102080107A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-06-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for synchronously preparing walnut oil and walnut protein peptide by microwave-assisted protease hydrolysis |
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