CN1139404A - 夹层结构建筑材料 - Google Patents

夹层结构建筑材料 Download PDF

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CN1139404A
CN1139404A CN95191332A CN95191332A CN1139404A CN 1139404 A CN1139404 A CN 1139404A CN 95191332 A CN95191332 A CN 95191332A CN 95191332 A CN95191332 A CN 95191332A CN 1139404 A CN1139404 A CN 1139404A
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彼特·辛
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Limited by Share Ltd, British Virgin Islands Business
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Abstract

一种夹层结构建筑材料，用胶合板、纤维板、碎料板、矿物板、木材、金属、塑料等的普通层及在此建筑材料的两个面之间的内芯制成，该内芯由天然薄木片，木纤维或刨花与合成树脂等结合制成的薄片构成，并做成有角度的波纹状或波状结构的细长条或卷成空心圆筒管。这种条或管横切成等高段，接近或邻接组装，形成具有透孔结构的内芯层，透孔可填塞绝缘体或加强材料，芯体可涂涂料，制成的建筑产品为组合件，质轻，坚固，适用作胶合板，地板等材料。

Description

夹层结构建筑材料
本发明的范围
本发明涉及夹层结构建筑材料，尤其涉及各种建筑用夹层结构建材产品中的新型透孔芯层。
本发明的背景
夹层结构建筑材料已使用多年。早在第二次世界大战期间，就开发出由两表层夹成的蜂窝状夹芯，主要用于飞机，以便使其比实心建筑材料具有更大的相对于重量的强度的优点。现在技术上广泛使用布片、金属片和纸片，做成几何形状各异的蜂窝状芯材料。1988年，美国农业部林业局林业产品实验室编写的“木材手册：木材作为工程材料”12-2至12-8页对建筑用夹层结构技术在以往的应用情况做了综术。
本发明的主要目的是，为夹层结构建筑材料提供新型芯层，其强度重量比要优良，价格低廉，用途广泛，使用容易获得对环境有利的原料。本发明的另一个目的是，为地板材料、墙壁、支柱、圆柱、横梁、托梁、桁架、拱等提供具有更大适用性，通用性的夹层结构建筑材料。
本发明概要
本发明涉及的建筑用“蜂窝”状夹层结构材料的外层用的是胶合板、金属板、塑料板，不同组分板、水泥和这些材料结合成的叠层的普通外层。表层中间的中心内芯层由芯体构成，它是由天然薄木片、木纤维或刨花用合成树脂粘结成的薄木片、刨花，做成选定的几何形状，或者通过横切竹杆，将竹子做成圆环而制成的。在装配时，这些芯体要配置在表层内，与之垂直、传统为平行或呈环绕状态，芯体配置要彼此邻接或相互靠近，使芯层呈现全面透孔结构，这些芯体要固定在外表层上，置于整体结构材料中，也可用含有散状纤维的合成树脂涂料以加强强度。芯体可由天然的或树脂粘结的薄木片制成，最好是带有等高纤维，将其做成有角的，波纹形或波形的，或将其卷成空管，再有选择地横切成条或空心圆环，并根据所需芯层厚度决定其高度。同样的，竹茎也可切成空心圆环，用作芯体，交错排列的成形长条或空心管环形成透孔或“蜂窝”状结构，并有一些或全部几何形状间隔，在装配这种建筑用夹层结构建筑材料时，将其填塞绝缘体或加强材料(轻质水泥或混凝土)。
这些制成的建筑产品质轻、结实，相当便宜，可以大幅度改变其芯体厚度、芯高度和总强度，以满足特种用途要求，它尤其适于作为改进胶合板、地板材料，墙壁、桁架、桩柱使用，也可装配到横梁、托梁、支柱、圆柱、建筑构件上。
附图简要说明
现将示出的非限定优选实例细节予以公开，并结合附图加以说明，其中，
图1是根据本发明装配的一个夹层结构建筑材料单元、有部分打开的顶视图。
图2和图3是沿图1线2-2和线3-3切下的局部断面图。
图4A，图4B和图4C是根据本发明制成的呈几何形状、并装配到透孔蜂窝状芯层中的板条示意平面图。
图5是本发明的另一实例、有部分打开的平面图，示出制好的建材组件。
图6和图7是其它优选实施例的局部断面图。
较8A是一片天然薄木片在形成根据本发明的一个几何芯体构造型过程中的顶部部分透视图。
图8B是由置入合成树脂中的木纤维制成的薄木片局部顶视图。
图9、图10和图11是由各种不同方式制成的空心木片管平面图。
图12是整个表面打孔的空心片管顶部透视图。
图13是一段竹子顶部透视图。
图14是一个套空心木管在切成芯层前的顶部透视图。
图15是成卷木薄片芯体顶部透视图。
图16是空心木片管和衬有细丝网的内外壁的横切断面图。
图17是填塞着水泥，并被圆形表层包封的空心片管圆环组成的一芯层横切局部断面图。
图18是带有一根插入实心木的、并部分塞有绝缘体的空心片管圆环组成的一芯层横切局部断面图。
图19是彼此有间隔并使各端置入一层轻质水泥中加以固定的空心木圆环芯层横切局部断面图。
图20是图19的实例垂直断面图。
图21是图5构件顶部透视图。
图22和图23分别是与图21的组件对应的组装建筑单元的水平和垂直组装件的局部主视图。
图24是一组构成拱形结构的拱形组件的局部主视图。
图25是根据本发明制出的桁架垂直断面图。
图26是图25的桁架顶视图。
最佳实例详细说明
图1-3所示夹层结构建筑材料10有胶合板上表层12和下表层14，覆盖芯层16，它由纵向成角度伸展的板条18构成，涂以树脂粘合剂20，相互粘结，并固定在表层12和14上，条18可以是天然薄木片，由木纤维或刨花用合成树脂粘结成的薄片或刨花形成，并相互交错或交叉排列，这样棱型的间隔22就使芯层16形成透孔或“蜂窝”状结构。
在图4A中，芯层16a是由木板条18a组装而成，该条做成纵向伸展的波状或波纹状，相互交错排列，形成基本上呈椭圆状的间隔22a。图4B示出内芯层16b，板条18b呈直角波形，形成长方形间隔22b。图4c的芯层16c有板条18c，为带角结构，形成六角形间隔22c。
图5示出另一种夹层结构建筑材料实例24。其中胶合板顶表层26和底表层28覆盖内芯层30。另外，建筑材料24被胶合板侧盖32和34，以及胶合板端盖36和38封闭，组成一个可以具体说明本发明的组合单元，此处的芯层30是由空心胶合管40构成，有选择的涂上树脂粘合剂42，相互粘结，并固定于表层26、28，侧面32、34和端面36、38。管40使芯层30形成由圆形间隔构成的透孔结构。
图6和图7是图5建筑材料实例的改进型。每图均有由管40构成的相同芯层30，在图6中，表层46和48是金属薄片50的叠层，上面覆盖纸表层52。在图7中，如图所示，芯层30的上面覆盖的是塑料表层54，另一面则为木表层56。
图8A示出木片板58在按箭头A方向弯折、做成前面所述的18、18a-c、40、40a-c开始时的情况。需要注意的是，板58或由其构成的任何形状均可在本发明的芯层形成的任何阶段按常规方法进行处理，以便于弯折或成型，并做成防火，防潮，防腐和防蛀。图8B示出板60，它是由把木纤维62放入合成树脂基体64中制成的。木纤维62最好是按一个方向摆齐，以提高板强度，树脂粘结的板可用木刨花代替，板60可以用与图8A的板58大体相同的方法成型，弯折和处理。由板58和60生产出的夹层结构建筑材料，根据其用途和强度要求，诸如18，18a-c，40和40a-d等芯体的厚度可在不足1/64英寸至大于1/4英寸范围内变化，而这些芯体的高度应与所需芯层厚度相适应，其范围可在1/16时至电话杆高度之间。
图9至11示出将板58或60做成空心圆筒管后的三种不同的粘紧板58、60的方法。在图9中，管40a在对头连接点66处连接，图10的管40b在68处嵌接，而图11的管40c则是成螺旋形缠绕，做成双层管结构。
图12的空心管40d示出，孔72覆盖了其内外表面，以促进其表面所用任何物质的粘结，其中包括树脂粘合剂、涂料、轻质水泥等，点划线表示切削平面，将管40d切成等高的空心圆环76，用于本发明的芯层，与此相似的是，图13的空心管是一段天然竹，切成尺寸相等的用于芯层的空心环件78，切线为线80。与图12和图13的实例的不同之处是，图14中管40在沿切削面84切成芯层之前，先粘结成组合体82。
图15还示出另一种芯体实例86，它是将一块木刨花88卷成松散的螺旋卷，并涂以树脂粘合剂20制成的。
在图16中，空心管40的内表面90和外表面92装以细丝网罩94覆盖表面，借以加强在其上面所用物质的粘着性，增加芯体圆环40的强度。作为例子，图中示出内表面90和丝网94带有一层轻质水泥96，很显然，水泥或类似材料可用于空心管圆环40的外表面92，或者用其完全填塞空间44。
图17的芯层98是由粘结在一起的空心管圆环40构成，并有选择地填塞轻质水泥100，周围包上表层101，形成柱或杆103，图18是一种类似图17的结构，但该图显示出芯层102的一些管圆环40填塞绝缘材料104，并有整体木质横梁106插入圆环40当中，借以提高刚度和强度，并可起到方便的固定作用，使组合到一起的夹层结构建筑材料固定到其它结构件上。
图19和图20示出另一种芯体实例108，其中空心管40并不是邻接的，而相互稍有间隔地配置，并通过插入轻质水泥表层110的端点加以固定，管40由散布着纤维丝112的树脂粘合剂涂料20a覆盖着，以提高管的强度，纤维112可以是玻璃纤维、木纤维、天然布纤维和合成纤维。需要注意的是，在此实例中，在管子40之间的间隔114和管内空间44可以有选择地填塞绝缘体等。最终得到的产品可以直接作为建筑材料使用，或者也可按需要进一步增加表层。
实际表明，前面讲的空心圆筒形管40对每个已公开的实例来说，在材料和尺寸上都是一样的，然而可以预见到，在长度、直径和厚度大不相同的管40可混合，并结合在任一建筑材料中，管子或管子组合体会按纵向牢牢地相互固定在一起，形成一个像电话杆那样细长的芯，甚至预计到，芯体18，18a-c可以跟空心管40，40a-e混合在任一构件中，所有这些都在本发明的概念之中。
图21是图5所示建筑单元24的顶部透视图，着重强调了其单元组合性，图22示出一组组合件24水平重叠，并交错摆放，以砌成墙116，而图23，则是把组件24垂直层叠，并靠侧壁或表层118固定，形成垂直的柱或杆120。
图24中的拱形组合结构122是由组件24a组装的，每个组件由芯层30构成拱形，芯层由空心圆筒形管构成，在上下两面由平行的曲面层26a和28a覆盖，其侧面则由侧表层32a和34a封闭。每个构件24a在其一侧均有一阳件124，对面有一阳件126，目的是使每个构件与其相邻的构件24a牢牢地联锁在一起。
图25和图26示出的是，根据本发明的构思制出的托梁128，空心圆筒形筒40排成一行，相互粘结到一起，并粘结到顶表层130，底表层132，端表层134和136，及侧表层138和140上。
对目前考虑到的有关本发明的最佳实例已做了说明，很显然，对那些精通此种技术的人来说，根据此处公开的构想可以很容易地做出并使用各种新的有用的建筑材料。在通过所附的权利要求书所规定和限制的范围内，会引伸并设想出更多的产品，并改进、组合和更换出更多产品。

Claims (12)

1.一种夹层结构建筑材料，包括：
至少一个表层件，形成覆盖夹层结构建筑材料的每一外表面，所述在每一面的至少一表层件由下组物质选出的一种制成：胶合板、纤维板、碎料板、矿物板、木材、金属、合成树脂、水泥、水泥配丝网、层板及上述材料的合制品，和
一个内芯层，牢牢地垂直固定在每一所述至少一个表层件的内表面上，所述芯层至少包括一个做成事先选好的几何形状的芯体，所述至少一个芯体是由下组材料选出的一种制成的单元件构成：天然薄木片，木纤维与合成树脂结合成的薄片，刨花与合成树脂结合制成的薄片，所述至少一个芯体要在所述芯层配置成一个完全透孔结构，每一所述几何形芯体的对面要大体在一个平面上，并相互平行，所述对面均固定于夹层结构建筑材料每一面上的一个所述至少一个表层件上。
2.如权利要求1所述的建筑材料，其特征在于，所述至少一个芯体还包括一种用于其至少一个表面的外层，所述外层选自下列一组物质：合成树脂外层，粘合剂，包含纤维丝的外层、丝网，轻质水泥和丝网与轻质水泥的结合产物。
3.如权利要求1所述的建筑材料，其特征在于，所述芯层包括多个所述至少一个芯体，每个均做成纵向伸展，并重复出现的形状，所述多个形状组装成相互离开一点，形成一系列间隔，所述间隔形状由下列形状选出：多边形，椭圆和圆形，所述芯体要在下列应选时间，横切成与所要求的所述芯层厚度相等的高度：将所述多个芯体组装成所述内芯层之前和其后。
4.如权利要求1所述的建筑材料，其特征在于，所述至少一个芯体形成下列空心圆筒管中的一种：对头接板，嵌接板，叠加板，所述至少一个空心圆筒管横切成与所需所述芯层厚度等高的管段。
5.如权利要求1所述的建筑材料，其特征在于，所述板芯层包括多个所述至少一个芯体：所述多个芯体配置位置从下列形式选出：邻接和很接近但彼此间有间隔。
6.如权利要求5所述的建筑材料，其特征在于，在所述表层件成形时，使每一所述多个芯体的一个端部嵌入并固定在所述至少一个表层件上。
7.如权利要求1所述的建筑材料，还包括：
所述至少一个芯体经受过下列处理方法中至少一种的处理：在所述芯体表面打孔以提高其表面的粘结能力，增加防火、防潮、防腐、防蛀的能力和
在所述芯层中的所述透孔结构中的间隔可有选择地填塞下列物质中的至少一种：隔热材料、隔音材料、轻质水泥和至少一种实体木质构件插在其中，并至少沿所述内芯层的一个尺寸延伸，并与内芯层等高。
8.如权利要求1所述的建筑材料，其特征在于，所述至少一个芯体的高度为1/16英寸至8英尺，其厚度可为1/64英寸至1/4英寸。
9.如权利要求1所述的建筑材料，其特征在于，所述外表层件用于包封建筑材料的其它暴露面中至少一个面，其中该材料生产适于组装到建筑物上的建筑组件，所述组装形式从下列形式选择：将所述组件垂直叠放成叠堆，做成柱和杆，将所述组件水平排好，每一所述层排都要与邻排交错叠加。
10.如权利要求9所述的建筑材料，其特征在于，所述建筑组件有每面呈弧形的所述至少一个表层件，所述内芯层相应地呈弧形，并且包括为形成一个拱形结构把所述弧形组件并排锁在一起的装置。
11.如权利要求4所述的建筑材料，其特征在于，所述内芯层包括多个所述至少一个空心圆筒管，所述多个管可组装延伸数倍的长度且并排固定，所述至少一个表层件的形状要环绕并包住所述内芯层，从而形成便于用作杆、柱和桩的细长结构。
12.一种夹层结构建筑材料包括众所周知的普通表层件和内芯层，所述内芯层与每一所述表层件垂直，并在其内表面牢牢固定，所述内芯层包括至少一个由下列材料组成的单元件构成的芯体：刨花，竹杆横切制成的空心圆环，所述至少一个芯体的布局配置是在所述内芯层形成一个完全透孔结构。
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CA2180553A1 (en) 1995-08-03
CN1095743C (zh) 2002-12-11
EP0741638A4 (en) 1998-12-02
EP0741638A1 (en) 1996-11-13
AU697396B2 (en) 1998-10-08
US5738924A (en) 1998-04-14
AU1681495A (en) 1995-08-15
JPH09508329A (ja) 1997-08-26

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