CN113940387A - 一种益生元液及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种益生元液及其制备方法与应用,所述益生元液包括有如下原料组分:地衣芽孢杆菌、双花提取物,其中双花提取物含1.9%的绿原酸,所述益生元液通过培养基的制备;双花提取物溶液的制备;益生元液的制备,最终得到可以喷洒在畜禽饲料中用于防病促生长的益生元液。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于益生菌技术领域,具体涉及一种益生元液及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,肉蛋奶的需求量不断上升,要求畜牧业进一步发展。动物营养理念由全面补充、平衡动物生长发育所需的各种营养要素,发展到在此基础上调理动物消化道,使动物在面对平衡营养时能有效的吸收利用。抗生素作为一种提高畜禽生长效率的饲料添加剂推动了养殖业的发展,但由于长期不合理、无节制的使用,导致了多重耐药细菌的出现。我国农业农村部已在2019年7月9日颁布了相关的饲料禁抗政策,养殖业迎来了无抗养殖的新时代,研究开发无残留、无污染有效的替抗产品成为市场需求。我国已在研究替抗产品方面取得了一定的成果,益生素、中药提取物、抗菌肽、酶制剂等均能在一定程度上取代抗生素的使用。
益生菌是指定植在动物体内,通过提高免疫应答能力来增强机体的抗病力或通过抑制有害菌群的生长、调节肠道的菌群组成,从而优化肠道环境且对机体有益的活性微生物。养殖业应用益生菌产品以来,对益生菌的评价褒贬不一,经市场产品抽检发现,各种益生菌产品的标示菌种、活菌数含量差异非常大,或许这也是造成益生菌产品质量差异的原因之一。因此还需不断改善现有的菌剂制备工艺,提高益生菌制剂中活菌数的含量及稳定性。但单一的替抗产品有时作用效果不明显,不能满足养殖业的需求。复合益生菌,或将其与其他制剂联合使用、科学配伍,例如中药提取物等,则能使其最大化的发挥效用。研究表明,益生菌可以降低中药的毒副作用、促进中药有效成分的溶出、提高中药的药效,而中药则可以促进益生菌的增殖。两者结合既可以更好地提高动物的生长性能、免疫力,也可以加强其抑菌效果。但部分益生菌可能会分解代谢掉中药提取物中具有生物活性的有效成分,而部分中药提取物也可能会抑制益生菌的生长繁殖,两者联合应用可能会产生颉颃作用。
双花即金银花,一种常用的兽药被广泛应用。金银花含有丰富的有机酸、黄酮类、挥发油、萜类化合物和无机元素。具有抗菌和抗病毒,清热解毒,保护肝胆,抗发炎等作用。金银花提取物的的主要有效成分绿原酸、木犀草素。绿原酸通过不可逆性改变细胞膜的通透性杀死病原菌(志贺氏菌)。
发明内容
针对上述的不足,本发明的第一目的是提供一种益生元液;
本发明的第二目的是提供一种益生元液的制备方法;
本发明的第三目的是提供一种益生元液喷洒在畜禽饲料中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:
一种益生元液,所述益生元液包括有如下原料组分:地衣芽孢杆菌、双花提取物。
进一步,所述地衣芽孢杆菌的活菌数为1×109cfu/g,所述双花提取物含1.9%的绿原酸。
进一步,具体步骤如下:
1)培养基的制备:准确称取22g营养肉汤培养基,加入1000mL灭菌水搅拌均匀,微波高档火力3min溶解,121℃高压灭菌15min,冷却后,37℃恒温培养24h,无菌检查后,得到无菌培养基,4℃保存备用;
2)双花提取物溶液的制备:准确称取双花提取物1280mg,加入900mL灭菌水完全溶解,100℃水浴15min,37℃恒温振荡培养2h,100℃水浴15min,37℃恒温振荡培养2h,37℃恒温振荡培养2h,100℃水浴15min,37℃恒温培养24h,无菌检查后,得到无菌双花提取物溶液,4℃保存备用;
3)益生元液的制备:无菌取1mL地衣芽孢杆菌复苏菌液Ⅰ,接种到1000mL无菌培养基中,37℃恒温振荡培养6h,4℃冷藏6-12h,37℃回温2h,4-8℃冷藏6-12h,37℃回温2h,4-8℃冷藏6-12h,去上清液900mL,留下的为菌液Ⅱ,取100mL菌液Ⅱ加入无菌双花提取物溶液中,即成益生元液。
进一步,所述的一种益生元液在喷洒在畜禽饲料中的应用。
采用以上方案,本发明具有如下优点:
本发明中通过将地衣芽孢杆菌与含有绿原酸的双花提取物联合,制备益生元液,通过将益生元液喷洒在畜禽饲料中具有防病促生长的作用,其制备过程绿色无污染、操作简单、适合大规模生产,同时双花提取物不影响地衣芽孢杆菌,两者联合产生的作用更好。
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述,并且在某种程度上,基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书和权利要求书来实现和获得。
附图说明
图1为本发明小鼠胸腺的称重示意图;
图2为本发明小鼠脾脏的称重示意图;
图3为本发明小鼠剖杀的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的进行详细的描述,但实施例并不对本发明作任何形式的限定,除非特别说明,本发明所涉及的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1:益生元液的制备。
具体步骤如下:
1)培养基的制备:准确称取22g营养肉汤培养基,加入1000mL灭菌水搅拌均匀,微波高档火力3min溶解,121℃高压灭菌15min,冷却后,37℃恒温培养24h,无菌检查后,得到无菌培养基,4℃保存备用;
2)双花提取物溶液的制备:准确称取双花提取物1280mg,加入900mL灭菌水完全溶解,100℃水浴15min,37℃恒温振荡培养2h,100℃水浴15min,37℃恒温振荡培养2h,37℃恒温振荡培养2h,100℃水浴15min,37℃恒温培养24h,无菌检查后,得到无菌双花提取物溶液,4℃保存备用;
3)益生元液的制备:无菌取1mL地衣芽孢杆菌复苏菌液Ⅰ,接种到1000mL无菌培养基中,37℃恒温振荡培养6h,4℃冷藏6-12h,37℃回温2h,4-8℃冷藏6-12h,37℃回温2h,4-8℃冷藏6-12h,去上清液900mL,留下的为菌液Ⅱ,取100mL菌液Ⅱ加入无菌双花提取物溶液中,即成益生元液。
实施例2:益生元液活菌数计数
1、实验材料
实施例1中的条件下所制得的益生元液、营养琼脂培养基。
2、实验方法
0d、7d、14d、21d、42d分别测定地衣芽孢杆菌数量。取10支已灭菌试管进行编号,加入9mL灭菌生理盐水,取1mL益生元液加入1号试管,充分混匀后取1mL加入2号试管,将2号试管混匀后从2号试管取1mL加入至3号试管,依次操作至第10号试管,其稀释度为10-1-10-10。在培养皿中央加入1mL对应稀释度的益生元液,再倒入高压灭菌后冷却至50℃的营养琼脂培养基20mL,正逆向旋转混匀、凝固后倒放于37℃培养箱培养24h,观察计数。选菌落为30-300的平皿计菌落数,乘以稀释度,即为1mL中的活菌数,每个浓度做3个平行,取平均数。
3、实验结果
表1益生元液活菌数计数结果统计表
实施例3:益生元液对小鼠体重和免疫器官的影响
1、实验材料
实施例1中的条件下所制得的益生元液、灭菌生理盐水。
2、实验方法
取体重相近、禁食12h的小鼠10只,称重、编号,随机分为试验组和空白对照组。
分组后预饲3天,小鼠无异常表现后,试验组按0.1mL/10g体重灌胃益生元液,空白对照组灌胃给予等剂量灭菌生理盐水,连给6天,第7天小鼠称重、剖杀,分离胸腺、脾脏,用滤纸吸掉血液,剔除脂肪后分别称重,按公式计算免疫器官指数,胸腺指数(mg/g)=胸腺重/末重,脾脏指数(mg/g)=脾重/末重,如图1、图2、图3所示。
3、实验结果
表2益生元液对小鼠体重的影响情况统计表
注:*为与对照组相比差异显著。
表3益生元液对免疫器官指数的影响情况统计表
注:*为与对照组相比差异显著。
从表2可以看出,灌胃给予益生元液试验组小鼠平均日增重与空白对照组的相比较,差异显著(P<0.05),益生元液在试验周期内能提高小鼠日增重;
从表3可以看出,灌胃给予益生元液试验组小鼠的胸腺指数、脾脏指数与空白对照组的相比较,无差异。
实施例4:地衣芽胞杆菌发酵双花提取物
1、实验材料
双花提取物、地衣芽胞杆菌。
2、实验方法
双花提取物半固体培养基配制
蛋白胨水100mL、氯化钠0.5g、双花提取物1g、琼脂0.5g、1.6%溴甲酚紫酒精溶液0.1m。溶解培养基各成分,加入指示剂混匀,经115℃高压灭菌20min,分装于2mL EP管中,每管1mL。
取培养18h的地衣芽孢杆菌接种于上述EP管,3个重复,置37℃培养2-3d后观察,指示剂由紫色变黄色或EP管变浑浊底部有沉淀,表示糖发酵产酸。
3、实验结果
培养48h观察到:双花提取物发酵管试验组与对照组均无菌生长。
实施例5:双花提取物对地衣芽胞杆菌的体外抑菌试验
1、实验材料
双花提取物、地衣芽胞杆菌。
2、实验方法
样品灭菌:双花提取物浓度1g/mL 115℃20min高压灭菌
菌液准备:取一环地衣芽孢杆菌培养液,接种于营养肉汤中37℃培养6h,再用营养肉汤做1:1000稀释备用;
加样:取无菌试管12支,第一管0.9mL肉汤+0.1mL药液,从第一管取0.5mL加入第二管,从第2管开始每管为0.5mL肉汤+前一管液体。稀释完毕将试管置37℃培养18h。判定标准:凡药物稀释管最高管中无菌生长,该管浓度即为试验均对此药物的敏感度。如果肉眼不易观察,可取一环接种于适合平板。
3、实验结果
表4双花提取物对地衣芽孢杆菌的体外抑菌试验结果
注:+表示有细菌生长,-表示无细菌生长。
培养18h后,除了阴性对照管外其他全部长菌,如表4-1所示,说明1mg/mL浓度的双花提取物对地衣芽孢杆菌没有抑制作用;
双花提取物对有益菌——地衣芽孢杆菌在双花提取物浓度1mg/mL的培养基中能生长良好,说明添加双花提取物能够保证益生菌的活性,为益生元液的制备提供了良好的数据支撑。
最后用说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行同等替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、同等替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种益生元液,其特征在于,所述益生元液包括有如下原料组分:地衣芽孢杆菌、双花提取物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种益生元液,其特征在于,所述地衣芽孢杆菌的活菌数为1×109cfu/g,所述双花提取物含1.9%的绿原酸。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种益生元液的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
1)培养基的制备:准确称取22g营养肉汤培养基,加入1000mL灭菌水搅拌均匀,微波高档火力3min溶解,121℃高压灭菌15min,冷却后,37℃恒温培养24h,无菌检查后,得到无菌培养基,4℃保存备用;
2)双花提取物溶液的制备:准确称取双花提取物1280mg,加入900mL灭菌水完全溶解,100℃水浴15min,37℃恒温振荡培养2h,100℃水浴15min,37℃恒温振荡培养2h,37℃恒温振荡培养2h,100℃水浴15min,37℃恒温培养24h,无菌检查后,得到无菌双花提取物溶液,4℃保存备用;
3)益生元液的制备:无菌取1mL地衣芽孢杆菌复苏菌液Ⅰ,接种到1000mL无菌培养基中,37℃恒温振荡培养6h,4℃冷藏6-12h,37℃回温2h,4-8℃冷藏6-12h,37℃回温2h,4-8℃冷藏6-12h,去上清液900mL,留下的为菌液Ⅱ,取100mL菌液Ⅱ加入无菌双花提取物溶液中,即成益生元液。
4.如权利要求1和2所述的一种益生元液在喷洒在畜禽饲料中的应用。
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