CN113897782A - 一种抗菌面料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌面料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113897782A
CN113897782A CN202111236693.0A CN202111236693A CN113897782A CN 113897782 A CN113897782 A CN 113897782A CN 202111236693 A CN202111236693 A CN 202111236693A CN 113897782 A CN113897782 A CN 113897782A
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CN113897782B (zh
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杨娜
汤龙世
刘衍华
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Weifang Xunfang New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种抗菌面料的制备方法，包括用二甲基十八烷基[3‑三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵改性聚酯纤维，再经涡流纺纺得短纤经纱，用顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵改性莱赛尔纤维，再与上述改性聚酯纤维经涡流纺纺得纬纱，上述经纬纱纺得抗菌面料；所得面料对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的抗菌率在洗涤前后分别为96.1~98.5%、95.4~98.4%、94.8~95.9%，93.2~96.6%、92.2~95.8%、91.8~92.8%；经纬向断裂强力911~993N、803~855N，经纬向撕破强力52~60N、33~39N，水洗尺寸变化率‑0.06~0.13%，起毛起球5级。

Description

一种抗菌面料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗菌面料的制备方法，属于纺织品材料技术领域。
背景技术
随着社会快速发展和经济水平的不断提高，衣物面料作为每个人日常生活不可或缺的关键物品，人们对其要求越来越高且多种多样。柔软富有弹性、舒适贴身、吸汗保暖、透气透湿以及各种保健功能等等要求均有提及，尤其关系到高品质穿着体验的抗菌抑菌功能，更是体现衣物面料的发展趋势。
抗菌面料的生产方法主要有两种，其一是从最根本的原材料开始，选用本身具有抗菌化学结构的抗菌纤维，这种方法需要化纤生产企业从最起始纤维合成阶段对纤维分子组成及结构做出重大改变，而抗菌纤维作为功能性产品，需求量不是特别大，以大型企业为主的化纤行业鲜有企业专门开发抗菌纤维；第二种方法是对制成的面料进行处理，通常是将面料在抗菌液中浸渍一段时间后，使抗菌液中的有效成分进入纤维织物中，而后烘干得到抗菌面料，不过该方法制备出的面料，抗菌成分和面料本身大多是物理结合，抗菌成分在后续面料使用过程中，水洗日晒的作用下，流失很快，抗菌效果难以持久。
中国专利CN103862778A公开的抗菌针织复合布料的生产方法，将面料放入38~42℃的抗菌液中浸泡30分钟，冷风烘干后再热压胶合上一层TPU薄膜和一层针织布料，这种复合结构中，面料中的抗菌成分与面料纤维是物理结合，虽然贴合TPU膜做了适当保护，但理论上推断多次漂洗日晒后，仍然难以避免抗菌成分的流失。中国专利CN106435944A公开的一种新型抗菌面料及其制备方法，多种纤维混纺后的面料浸入抗菌整理剂液体中浸渍30~70分钟，再经70~80℃烘干，抗菌成分与面料以物理方式结合，同样抗菌效果难以持久。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在不足，本发明提供一种抗菌面料的制备方法，实现以下发明目的：对纤维表面进行化学改性，使抗菌成分化学键合至纤维表面分子结构中，实现面料持久抗菌的效果；所制备的抗菌面料断裂强力、撕破强力高，水洗尺寸变化率小，不易起毛起球。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：
一种抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括季铵盐改性聚酯纤维制备，季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维制备，纤维混纺制备抗菌面料；其中季铵盐改性聚酯纤维制备所用季铵盐为二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵，季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维制备所用季铵盐为顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵，纤维混纺制备抗菌面料，抗菌经纱采用季铵盐改性聚酯纤维经涡流纺纺纱工艺制成的短纤，抗菌纬纱采用季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维与季铵盐改性聚酯纤维经涡流纺纺纱混纺而成。
以下是对上述技术方案的进一步改进：
步骤（1）季铵盐改性聚酯纤维制备
二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵溶于去离子水和乙醇混合液中，加入氢氧化钠调节pH=11~12，加入甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基吡咯烷酮，加热至105~130℃，将聚酯纤维束丝浸渍入该液体中，浸渍15~25分钟后，用去离子水清洗后60~70℃下干燥2~3小时，得到季铵盐改性聚酯纤维；
所述去离子水和乙醇混合液，其组成为去离子水与乙醇的质量比10:3~4；
所述二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵加入量为去离子水和乙醇混合液质量的20~35%；
所述基丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基吡咯烷酮，其加入量分别为二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵质量的4~8%和3~5%。
步骤（2）季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维制备
顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵加入去离子水溶解完全后，再加入硫酸亚铁铵和双氧水，加热至50~70℃，将莱赛尔纤维束丝浸入该液体中，浸渍20~40分钟后用去离子水清洗，50~70℃下干燥1~3小时后得到季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维；
所述顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵加入量为去离子水质量的15~25%；
所述硫酸亚铁铵加入量为去离子水质量的1~3%；
所述双氧水，过氧化氢质量含量为20~25%，加入量为去离子水质量的30~40%。
步骤（3）纤维混纺制备抗菌面料
抗菌面料由抗菌经纱和抗菌纬纱相互垂直交织制得，所述抗菌经纱采用季铵盐改性聚酯纤维经涡流纺纺纱工艺制成的短纤得到，所述抗菌纬纱采用季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维与季铵盐改性聚酯纤维经涡流纺纺纱混纺而成；
所述抗菌经纱，季铵盐改性聚酯纤维，英制支数21~60s；
所述抗菌纬纱，季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维与季铵盐改性聚酯纤维质量比为1:3~5，英制支数16~60s；
所述抗菌面料成品密度：经密325根/10cm，纬密252根/10cm，组织为平纹组织，综页数为4页。
优选的技术方案：
上述步骤（1）二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵溶于去离子水和乙醇混合液中，加入氢氧化钠调节pH=11.6，加入甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基吡咯烷酮，加热至120℃，将聚酯纤维束丝浸渍入该液体中，浸渍20分钟后，用去离子水清洗后65℃下干燥2.5小时，得到季铵盐改性聚酯纤维；
所述去离子水和乙醇混合液，其组成为去离子水与乙醇的质量比10:3.6；
所述二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵加入量为去离子水和乙醇混合液质量的30%；
所述甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基吡咯烷酮，其加入量分别为二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵质量的6%和4%。
步骤（2）顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵加入去离子水溶解完全后，再加入硫酸亚铁铵和双氧水，加热至60℃，将莱赛尔纤维束丝浸入该液体中，浸渍25分钟后用去离子水清洗，60℃下干燥2小时后得到季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维；
所述顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵加入量为去离子水质量的20%；
所述硫酸亚铁铵加入量为去离子水质量的2%；
所述双氧水，过氧化氢质量含量为23%，加入量为去离子水质量的35%。
步骤（3）纤维混纺制备抗菌面料
所述抗菌经纱，季铵盐改性聚酯纤维英制支数40s；
所述抗菌纬纱，季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维与季铵盐改性聚酯纤维质量比为1:4，英制支数40s。
与现有技术相比，本发明取得以下有益效果：
1、聚酯纤维和莱赛尔纤维表面进行了季铵盐接枝改性，使季铵盐抗菌成分化学键合至纤维表面分子结构中，并将两种纤维混纺成抗菌面料；
2、所制备的抗菌面料抗菌性能优异且持久，对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌三种细菌的抗菌率分别为96.1~98.5%、95.4~98.4%、94.8~95.9%，洗涤暴晒循环50次后相应抗菌率分别为93.2~96.6%、92.2~95.8%、91.8~92.8%；
3、所制备的抗菌面料，断裂强力径向911~993N、纬向803~855N，撕破强力径向52~60N、纬向33~39N，水洗尺寸变化率-0.06~0.13%，面料起毛起球5级。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1：一种抗菌面料的制备方法
包括以下步骤：
1、季铵盐改性聚酯纤维制备
163.2千克二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵溶于400千克去离子水和144千克乙醇组成的混合液中，加入氢氧化钠调节pH=11.6，加入9.8千克甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和6.5千克乙烯基吡咯烷酮，加热至120℃，将聚酯纤维束丝浸渍入该液体中，浸渍20分钟后，用去离子水清洗后65℃下干燥2.5小时，得到季铵盐改性聚酯纤维；
2、季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维制备
100千克顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵加入500千克去离子水溶解完全后，再加入10千克硫酸亚铁铵和175千克过氧化氢质量含量23%的双氧水，加热至60℃，将莱赛尔纤维束丝浸入该液体中，浸渍25分钟后用去离子水清洗，60℃下干燥2小时后得到季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维；
3、纤维混纺制备抗菌面料
季铵盐改性聚酯纤维经涡流纺纺纱工艺得到英制支数40s的抗菌经纱；质量比为1:4的季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维与聚酯纤维混纺得到英制支数40s的抗菌纬纱；将抗菌经纱和抗菌纬纱在喷气织机上进行编织，抗菌经纱和抗菌纬纱相互垂直交织，组织为平纹组织，综页数为4页，经密325根/10cm，纬密252根/10cm，得到抗菌面料；
实施例1中所得抗菌面料对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌三种细菌的抗菌率分别为98.5%、97.6%、95.9%，洗涤暴晒循环50次后相应抗菌率分别为95.3%、93.5%、92.8%；断裂强力径向993N、纬向855N，撕破强力径向58N、纬向39N，水洗尺寸变化率-0.06%，面料起毛起球5级。
实施例2：一种抗菌面料的制备方法
包括以下步骤：
1、季铵盐改性聚酯纤维制备
104千克二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵溶于400千克去离子水和120千克乙醇组成的混合液中，加入氢氧化钠调节pH=11，加入4.2千克甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和3.1千克乙烯基吡咯烷酮，加热至105℃，将聚酯纤维束丝浸渍入该液体中，浸渍15分钟后，用去离子水清洗后60℃下干燥2小时，得到季铵盐改性聚酯纤维；
2、季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维制备
75千克顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵加入500千克去离子水溶解完全后，再加入5千克硫酸亚铁铵和100千克过氧化氢质量含量20%的双氧水，加热至50℃，将莱赛尔纤维束丝浸入该液体中，浸渍20分钟后用去离子水清洗，50℃下干燥1小时后得到季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维；
3、纤维混纺制备抗菌面料
季铵盐改性聚酯纤维经涡流纺纺纱工艺得到英制支数21s的抗菌经纱；质量比为1:3的季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维与聚酯纤维混纺得到英制支数16s的抗菌纬纱；将抗菌经纱和抗菌纬纱在喷气织机上进行编织，抗菌经纱和抗菌纬纱相互垂直交织，组织为平纹组织，综页数为4页，经密325根/10cm，纬密252根/10cm，得到抗菌面料；
实施例2中所得抗菌面料对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌三种细菌的抗菌率分别为96.1%、95.4%、94.8%，洗涤暴晒循环50次后相应抗菌率分别为93.2%、92.2%、91.8%；断裂强力径向911N、纬向803N，撕破强力径向52N、纬向33N，水洗尺寸变化率0.13%，面料起毛起球5级。
实施例3：一种抗菌面料的制备方法
包括以下步骤：
1、季铵盐改性聚酯纤维制备
196千克二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵溶于400千克去离子水和160千克乙醇组成的混合液中，加入氢氧化钠调节pH=12，加入15.7千克甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和9.8千克乙烯基吡咯烷酮，加热至130℃，将聚酯纤维束丝浸渍入该液体中，浸渍25分钟后，用去离子水清洗后70℃下干燥3小时，得到季铵盐改性聚酯纤维；
2、季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维制备
125千克顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵加入500千克去离子水溶解完全后，再加入15千克硫酸亚铁铵和200千克过氧化氢质量含量25%的双氧水，加热至70℃，将莱赛尔纤维束丝浸入该液体中，浸渍40分钟后用去离子水清洗，70℃下干燥3小时后得到季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维；
3、纤维混纺制备抗菌面料
季铵盐改性聚酯纤维经涡流纺纺纱工艺得到英制支数60s的抗菌经纱；质量比为1:5的季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维与聚酯纤维混纺得到英制支数60s的抗菌纬纱；将抗菌经纱和抗菌纬纱在喷气织机上进行编织，抗菌经纱和抗菌纬纱相互垂直交织，组织为平纹组织，综页数为4页，经密325根/10cm，纬密252根/10cm，得到抗菌面料；
实施例3中所得抗菌面料对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌三种细菌的抗菌率分别为98.2%、98.4%、95.1%，洗涤暴晒循环50次后相应抗菌率分别为96.6%、95.8%、92.7%；断裂强力径向976N、纬向820N，撕破强力径向60N、纬向37N，水洗尺寸变化率-0.09%，面料起毛起球5级。
面料性能评价方法：
抗菌能力评价参照GB/T20944-2007，测试所得抗菌面料对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌三种细菌的抗菌率；
抗菌效果耐水洗及日晒性能测试：室温，洗涤剂为市售普通洗衣粉，洗衣粉质量浓度0.5%，洗涤一次的程序为洗涤15分钟，清水漂洗两次，每次8分钟，室外暴晒两小时；
断裂强力、撕破强力、水洗尺寸变化率、面料起毛起球参照GB/T 21295-2014服装理化性能的技术要求方法检测。

Claims (9)

1.一种抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括季铵盐改性聚酯纤维制备，季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维制备，纤维混纺制备抗菌面料；
所述季铵盐改性聚酯纤维制备所用季铵盐为二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵；
所述季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维制备所用季铵盐为顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵；
所述纤维混纺制备抗菌面料，抗菌经纱采用季铵盐改性聚酯纤维经涡流纺纺纱工艺制成的短纤，抗菌纬纱采用季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维与季铵盐改性聚酯纤维经涡流纺纺纱混纺而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述季铵盐改性聚酯纤维制备，二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵溶于去离子水和乙醇混合液中，加氢氧化钠调节pH=11~12，加入甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基吡咯烷酮，得到聚酯纤维改性浸渍液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于：聚酯纤维改性浸渍液加热至105~130℃，将聚酯纤维束丝浸入该液体，浸渍15~25分钟后，用去离子水清洗后60~70℃下干燥2~3小时，得到季铵盐改性聚酯纤维。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述去离子水和乙醇混合液，其组成为去离子水与乙醇的质量比10:3~4；所述二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵加入量为去离子水和乙醇混合液质量的20~35%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述基丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基吡咯烷酮，其加入量分别为二甲基十八烷基[3-三甲氧基硅丙烷]氯化铵质量的4~8%和3~5%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维制备，顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵加入去离子水溶解后再加硫酸亚铁铵和双氧水，加热至50~70℃，将莱赛尔纤维束丝浸入该液体中浸渍20~40分钟后用去离子水清洗，50~70℃下干燥1~3小时后得到季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述顺丁烯二酸二乙酯撑基双[十八烷基二甲基]氯化铵加入量为去离子水质量的15~25%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述硫酸亚铁铵加入量为去离子水质量的1~3%；所述双氧水，过氧化氢质量含量为20~25%，加入量为去离子水质量的30~40%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述抗菌经纱，英制支数为21~60s；
所述抗菌纬纱，季铵盐改性莱赛尔纤维与季铵盐改性聚酯纤维质量比为1:3~5，英制支数为16~60s；
所述抗菌面料成品密度：经密325根/10cm，纬密252根/10cm，组织为平纹组织，综页数为4页。
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