CN113854042A - 一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法，利用羊肚菌废弃营养袋(菌渣)作为饲料(食物)养殖昆虫(独角仙幼虫)，昆虫取食后，将其转化成虫粪，然后将虫粪作为辅料栽培羊肚菌。形成“羊肚菌‑菌渣‑昆虫‑虫粪‑羊肚菌”的循环种养技术模式。包括以下步骤：(1)收集羊肚菌菌渣；(2)独角仙幼虫取食菌渣；(3)收集虫粪；(4)按配方制作营养袋；(5)羊肚菌播种、覆土、摆放营养袋、采收。本发明有效地实现了废弃物的资源化循环利用，既降低了昆虫养殖的成本，又解决了随意丢弃废弃营养袋(菌渣)污染环境的问题，同时延长了产业链，经济、社会和生态效益也大大提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及菌渣和虫粪再利用的生物技术领域，尤其是一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法。
背景技术
羊肚菌，俗称羊肚菜、包谷菌等，其味道鲜美、营养丰富，富含蛋白质、多糖、核酸、多种微量元素和维生素，尤其含有人体7种人体必需氨基酸，具有独特的保健作用。多糖是羊肚菌中主要的药用有效成分，具有增强免疫功能、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、抗诱变、降血脂、预防动脉硬化等多种功效。
近年来，我国羊肚菌市场售价约1600-2000元/kg，市场供不应求，前景广阔。所以，野生羊肚菌完全不能够满足需求，促使羊肚菌人工栽培相关技术得到了研究与发展。例如公开号为CN103880538A的专利申请文件中公开了羊肚菌的培养基料及其制备方法，以泥炭、豆腐渣、柚子皮、西红柿秧、草木灰、磷酸二氢钾、尿素、石膏粉、生石灰和调节剂，按照备料、粉碎、混合、发酵、装料的工艺制备而成。但是该技术配料过多，一是原料获取不便，二是成本过高，三是羊肚菌菌丝生长不稳定，造成发菌速度慢，生长周期长。
独角仙幼虫是一种经济昆虫，还具有多种药用价值，可破血行瘀，散结通乳；近年来，药理学研究表明蛴螬富含有机酸、脂肪酸、酚性成分、多糖、矿物元素等药用化学成分，具有抗菌、抗肿瘤及治疗心脑血管疾病等重要作用。幼虫体内脂肪与蛋白质含量高达50％，富含磷、钾、铁、钠、铝等多种微量元素，可开发作补充人体所需蛋白的食品，也可作优质动物蛋白饲料用于家禽及鱼、龟、黄鳝、牛蛙、蝎子、蜈蚣、蛇等特种养殖。
近年来，市场供应仍以野外采挖独角仙幼虫为主，远不能满足急速增长的市场需求。所以，探索人工养殖是有效的途径。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题，本发明提供一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
本发明创造的目的之一，在于提供一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法：利用羊肚菌废弃营养袋(菌渣)作为饲料(食物)养殖昆虫(独角仙幼虫)，昆虫取食后，将其转化成虫粪，然后将虫粪作为辅料栽培羊肚菌。形成“羊肚菌-菌渣-昆虫-虫粪-羊肚菌”的循环种养技术模式。
优选，所述的羊肚菌废弃营养袋是指为羊肚菌生长过程中提供养分的基质，羊肚菌采收后成为菌渣。
优选，所述的昆虫养殖采用100％的羊肚菌废弃营养袋(菌渣)作为饲料(食物)。
优选，所述所述虫粪作为辅料制作营养袋来栽培羊肚菌，其配方为：虫粪10-15％，麦粒65-70％、玉米芯20％。
本发明创造的目的之二在于提供上述一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按常规栽培技术进行操作管理，羊肚菌采收结束后，就地用手工或袋料分离机将畦床上的营养袋(菌渣)打散，塑料袋收集另作回收处理；
(2)将菌渣平铺在畦床表面，厚度15-20cm；
(3)将独角仙幼虫按照30-40条/m2的密度投放于畦面；
(4)独角仙幼虫取食菌渣后，排出虫粪；
(5)收集虫粪，采用太阳暴晒或机械烘干至含水率13-15％，储存备用；
(6)按照配方(虫粪10-15％，麦粒65-70％、玉米芯20％)将各种原料混合均匀，然后装袋、灭菌、冷却后，成为新的营养袋，待用；
(7)按照常规技术，在畦面播撒羊肚菌菌种后覆土，土表覆盖地膜。羊肚菌菌丝蔓延整个畦面后，放置新的营养袋，营养袋长满菌丝后，进行喷水催蕾和出菇采收管理。
与现有技术相比，本发明创造的技术效果体现在：
(1)羊肚菌废弃营养袋(菌渣)作为饲料(食物)养殖昆虫的比例达到100％，有效地实现了废弃物的资源化循环利用，既降低了昆虫养殖的成本，又解决了随意丢弃废弃营养袋(菌渣)污染环境的问题，同时，菌渣转化成虫粪，养殖了昆虫，延长了产业链，经济、社会和生态效益也大大提高。
(2)虫粪作为辅料，可以减少其他材料的收集和使用，既解决了材料收集不便和制作费工的问题，也实现了循环再利用，降低了原料成本和人工成本。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定，但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
实施例1
利用羊肚菌废弃营养袋(菌渣)作为饲料(食物)养殖昆虫(独角仙幼虫)，昆虫取食后，将其转化成虫粪，然后将虫粪作为辅料栽培羊肚菌。形成“羊肚菌-菌渣-昆虫-虫粪-羊肚菌”的循环种养技术模式。包括以下步骤：
(1)按常规栽培技术进行操作管理，羊肚菌采收结束后，就地用手工或袋料分离机将畦床上的营养袋(菌渣)打散，塑料袋收集另作回收处理；
(2)将菌渣平铺在畦床表面，厚度15-20cm；
(3)将独角仙幼虫按照30-40条/m2的密度投放于畦面；
(4)独角仙幼虫取食菌渣后，排出虫粪；
(5)收集虫粪，采用太阳暴晒或机械烘干至含水率13-15％，储存备用；
(6)按照配方(虫粪10-15％，麦粒65-70％、玉米芯20％)将各种原料混合均匀，然后装袋、灭菌、冷却后，成为新的营养袋，待用；
(7)按照常规技术，在畦面播撒羊肚菌菌种后覆土，土表覆盖地膜。羊肚菌菌丝蔓延整个畦面后，放置新的营养袋，营养袋长满菌丝后，进行喷水催蕾和出菇采收管理。
Claims (5)
1.一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法，其特征在于，利用羊肚菌废弃营养袋(菌渣)作为饲料(食物)养殖昆虫(独角仙幼虫)，昆虫取食后，将其转化成虫粪，然后将虫粪作为辅料栽培羊肚菌。形成“羊肚菌-菌渣-昆虫-虫粪-羊肚菌”的循环种养技术模式。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法，其特征在于，所述的羊肚菌废弃营养袋是指为羊肚菌生长过程中提供养分的基质，羊肚菌采收后成为废弃物(菌渣)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法，其特征在于，所述的昆虫养殖采用100％的羊肚菌废弃营养袋(菌渣)作为饲料(食物)。
4.如权利要求1-3所述的一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法，其特征在于，所述虫粪作为辅料制作营养袋来栽培羊肚菌，其配方为：虫粪10-15％，麦粒65-70％、玉米芯20％。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述一种羊肚菌和昆虫循环种养的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)按常规栽培技术进行操作管理，羊肚菌采收结束后，就地用手工或袋料分离机将畦床上的营养袋(菌渣)打散，塑料袋收集另作回收处理；
(2)将菌渣平铺在畦床表面，厚度15-20cm；
(3)将独角仙幼虫按照30-40条/m2的密度投放于畦面；
(4)独角仙幼虫取食菌渣后，排出虫粪；
(5)收集虫粪，采用太阳暴晒或机械烘干至含水率13-15％，储存备用；
(6)按照配方(虫粪10-15％，麦粒65-70％、玉米芯20％)将各种原料混合均匀，然后装袋、灭菌、冷却后，成为新的营养袋，待用；
(7)按照常规技术，在畦面播撒羊肚菌菌种后覆土，土表覆盖地膜。羊肚菌菌丝蔓延整个畦面后，放置新的营养袋，营养袋长满菌丝后，进行喷水催蕾和出菇采收管理。
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