CN113854025A

CN113854025A - Landscape construction method of tropical psammophyte germplasm resource garden

Info

Publication number: CN113854025A
Application number: CN202111116204.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王旭; 刘敬坤
Original assignee: Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2021-09-23
Filing date: 2021-09-23
Publication date: 2021-12-31

Abstract

The invention relates to a landscape construction method of a tropical sandy plant germplasm resource garden, which comprises the following steps: selection of the ground on site → variety determination and classification → construction of microtopography → landscape mapping → collection of plant resources → plant arrangement → planting → decoration of non-plant material → water supply and drainage system → post management. The invention expands the application value of the germplasm resource garden and enriches the landscape planning content. The constructed desert plant germplasm resource landscape garden can enhance the popular science effect on the desert plant resources on one hand; under proper conditions, the economic benefits of the germplasm resource garden can be increased, and the scientific value of the germplasm resource garden can be enriched for landscape planning; and thirdly, the improvement of landscape value promotes the management of the germplasm resource garden, plays a complementary and bearing role and realizes mutual benefits and win-win.

Description

Landscape construction method of tropical psammophyte germplasm resource garden

Technical Field

The invention relates to breeding and gardening construction, in particular to a landscape construction method of a tropical psammophyte germplasm resource garden.

Background

The sandy plant is a plant which is originally produced in tropical and subtropical desert regions and has ecological adaptation characteristics of wind erosion resistance, sand burying resistance, sunscald resistance, drought tolerance, barren resistance and the like. Many psammophytes are characterized by stem and leaf hypertrophy, leaf degeneration into spiny shape, unique flowering and fruiting and the like in a severe habitat. Due to the extensive and peculiar shape and the hidden and unbounded spirit, the wild resources are seriously damaged due to over development and insufficient conservation caused by the fact that the wild resources are favored in garden application.

At present, few methods for constructing the germplasm resource garden landscape of tropical sandy plants exist, and the existing landscape construction mostly adopts single-species genes or germplasm resource collection methods or propagation and cultivation techniques, such as a landscape design method of coastal wetland parks in coastal zones, a landscape construction method of near-natural plant communities and the like. On the whole, the following disadvantages are mainly present:

1. the function is single, which causes resource waste or loss. The existing sand plant germplasm resource garden is built completely according to the standard or method for collecting plant germplasm resources, the landscape value of the sand plant germplasm resource garden is not considered, the landscape effect is only emphasized in the construction of a garden landscape special sand plant garden, the value of germplasm resource collection is ignored, and therefore the single function of the resource garden or the special sand plant garden is formed, the landscape value of the germplasm resource garden is not fully exerted, and the resource collection value of the special sand plant garden is lost. And in addition, the long-term carelessness of management results in the loss of some important germplasm resources.

2. The uniqueness of tropical psammophytes cannot move collection of other germplasm resources or landscape construction methods. The tropical sandy plants have ecological adaptation characteristics of wind erosion resistance, sand burying resistance, sunscald resistance, drought tolerance, impoverishment resistance and the like, have high environmental requirements, are peculiar in plant shapes, and need to be managed by a special management and protection method, so that a special technology is needed, and the current technology cannot be completely met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to improve and innovate the defects and problems in the background technology, provides a landscape construction method of a tropical psammophyte germplasm resource garden, which applies the principles of ecology, landscapes and botany and gives consideration to the aims of resource collection and landscape and has strong operability.

The invention comprises the following contents:

1. selecting the place: selecting sand with deep soil layer, good irrigation and drainage and excellent microclimate condition as a concrete land block.

2. Variety determination and classification: according to the biological climate characteristics of the original region of the species, the ecological distribution region and the availability of resources, the plant species or variety suitable for the selected standing planting is determined and classified.

3. Constructing a microtopography:

according to the selected terrain, through mechanical soil preparation, an undulating terrain with a certain fall is formed; the flat terrain is adjusted to have a certain fall, the slope terrain is changed into a gradual slope from a steep slope, and the undulation fall after adjustment is 0.5-1.5 m.

4. Landscape composition: partitioning according to the constructed micro-terrain by combining the functions of plants, the families and the places of production of the plants and the purposes of the plants, dividing each region through a tour road, and arranging the positions of the tour road, the sandy plants and other garden commodities; the main road of the tour channel is not more than 2m, the branch road is below 1m, and the tour routes are smooth and communicated to form a loop; natural stones and pebbles are used for enclosing plant planting boundaries, and the styles of the tour pavement paving materials and the plant enclosing boundaries are consistent; a small amount of sand is reserved for not planting, the original sand appearance is displayed, and the effect of leaving white is shown; the landscape effect of the resource collection garden is increased by matching the landscape stone, the dead wood and the garden sundries in the field.

5. Collecting plant resources: collecting seeds, spikes, roots and buds according to the selected plant species or variety for propagation or storage, or selecting healthy and strong seedlings bred by artificial assistance and transplanting to a storage place; the number of plants of each kind or variety, more than 5 arbor species, more than 20 shrub and vine species and more than 50 herbaceous plants, so that the special garden can not be shared with a germplasm resource garden, and the problem of common neglect in the existing landscape construction is avoided.

6. Plant configuration: plant configuration is carried out according to plant height, leaf shape, branch characteristics, flowering habit, fruiting habit and community level, wherein the plant configuration comprises main scene plant and matched scene plant selection and vertical plant selection; the configuration of the main landscape plants requires prominent color and image, the proportion is 20-40%, and the display position is arranged at the entrance of the garden or at the landscape node; the scene matching plant selects the type which can generate contrast with the main scene plant in the aspects of color, texture and the like on the basis of highlighting the main scene plant; the percentage is 60-80%, the display positions are arranged around the main landscape plants to set off the main landscape plants; the body embodies the beauty of the plant, the landscape with rich levels is built on the body according to the height change of the plant, arbor larger than 1m is used as background, shrub smaller than 1m is used as middle landscape, other herbaceous plants are used as foreground, and the landscape is arranged according to the florescence and the flower color; plants with poor drought resistance are planted in low-lying lands, plants with fleshy roots and the like are planted on slopes, plants with strong drought resistance are planted on the tops of the slopes, plants with gorgeous colors and special tree shapes are planted at landscape nodes, and plants and shrubs are planted in a connected mode to form a pattern effect.

7. Planting: applying enough base fertilizer before planting, and fully mixing the base fertilizer with soil through turning over; the planting density is 4m multiplied by 5m or 5m multiplied by 5m, the big shrub is 3m multiplied by 3m or 3m multiplied by 4m, and the small shrub is 30cm multiplied by 30 cm.

8. Non-plant material interspersing:

and (3) covering a planting area: in order to reduce surface evaporation and water and soil loss and increase landscape effect, the covering material is laid in time after planting is finished; the covering material is selected from natural macadam or artificial macadam or ceramsite, the particle size is not more than 2cm, or materials such as shell and the like are selected, and straw, bark and the like are not selected for covering;

selecting dead wood: selecting withered woods, withered tree roots, half-weathered trunks, hollow trunks and the like, wherein covering materials do not need to be laid at the positions where the withered woods are placed so as to express natural features;

and (3) landscape stone: stones with different natural weathering sizes are selected for decoration, larger stones are placed at the entrance position or the eye position, the height is not less than 2m, appropriate characters can be engraved, and small and medium stones can disperse or concentrate on decorated slopes;

landscape products: totem pole, sand creature model and tropical pavilion are selected as landscape items with integral decoration effect.

9. A water supply and drainage system: an irrigation system in an automatic sprinkling irrigation mode is laid, drainage in a field area is made, and water accumulation is avoided; drainage ditches are arranged according to the road trend in the yard, open ditches are used for drainage, and blind ditches are not used for drainage, so that the sediment in the ditches can be cleaned regularly.

10. And (4) post management:

and (3) fertilizer and water management: the water and fertilizer retention capability of the sand is poor, the fertilization is carried out according to the principle of less frequent application, and meanwhile, the drainage work in rainy seasons is well done, so that water accumulation in the field is avoided;

weeding: weeds in a field are cleared in time, the field is forbidden to weed through a herbicide, and the weeds are cleared away with roots when being cleared away;

trimming: cleaning withered and dead branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overgrown branches and the like regularly, and pruning plants influencing the tree body landscape;

pest and disease damage: common diseases and pests of psammophytes mainly comprise powdery mildew, root rot, sooty mould, leaf rust, scale insect, gibbsiella, leaf beetle, scarab beetle and the like, so that the purposes of early discovery, early treatment and early elimination are achieved, virus-carrying plants are found, diseased plants need to be timely cleaned, the peripheries of the diseased plants are disinfected, and the cleaned diseased plants are burnt or embedded.

Preferably, the microclimate conditions of the land plots are that the minimum temperature is higher than 8 ℃, the altitude is not more than 800m, the soil texture is sandy soil, and the pH value of the soil is 5.0-8.0.

Preferably, the plant species classification method is as follows:

(1) classifying the plants into 3 types of drought tolerance, general drought tolerance and drought intolerance according to the drought tolerance of the plants;

(2) according to the biological learning classification, the method is divided into 4 types of arbors, shrubs, herbs and vines;

(3) classifying according to the ornamental value of the plant, and classifying into 4 types of flower observation, fruit observation, leaf observation and tree observation;

(4) classifying the flowers according to the flowering season, namely 3 types of flowering in rainy season, dry season and long-term, classifying the flowers which bloom in the same period;

(5) according to the classification of plant functions, the plant can be classified into 4 types which are used as medicine, food and medicine and are not developed and utilized.

Preferably, the base fertilizer is 600-750 kg/ha of chicken manure, 1800-2250 kg/ha of duck manure, 3000-3750 kg/ha of pig manure or 4500-6000 kg/ha of cow manure.

The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

the invention expands the application value of the germplasm resource garden and enriches the landscape planning content. After the landscape of the sand plant germplasm resource garden is built, on one hand, the popular science effect on the sand plant resources can be enhanced; under proper conditions, the economic benefits of the germplasm resource garden can be increased, and the scientific value of the germplasm resource garden can be enriched for landscape planning; and thirdly, the improvement of landscape value promotes the management of the germplasm resource garden, plays a complementary and bearing role and realizes mutual benefits and win-win.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is one of the effect diagrams of landscape nursery constructed by the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a second view of the effect of the landscape garden constructed according to the present invention

FIG. 3 is a partial view of the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a second partial view of the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a third partial view of the embodiment.

Detailed Description

The specific method of the invention is as follows:

firstly, selecting the field to create environmental conditions for the good growth of the psammophytes.

Selecting sandy land with deep soil layer, good irrigation and drainage and excellent microclimate condition as a concrete land block, adhering the principle of being suitable for the land and the trees, comprehensively considering the biological and ecological characteristics of the stored germplasm, and determining the suitable land conditions such as altitude, slope direction, soil texture, soil pH value (pH value) and the like.

And secondly, determining and classifying varieties to provide a basis for plant configuration and later-period management.

Based on the determination of the species or variety of the plant to be collected according to the biological climate characteristics of the original region of the species, the ecological distribution region and the availability of resources, the plant is classified by the classification method, which comprises the following steps: (1) classifying the plants into 3 types of drought tolerance, general drought tolerance and drought intolerance according to the drought tolerance of the plants; (2) according to the biological learning classification, the method is divided into 4 types of arbors, shrubs, herbs and vines; (3) classifying according to the ornamental value of the plant, and classifying into 4 types such as flower, fruit, leaf and wood; (4) classifying the flowers according to the flowering season, namely 3 types of flowering in rainy season, dry season and long-term, classifying the flowers which bloom in the same period; (4) according to the classification of plant functions, the plant can be classified into 4 types which are used as medicine, food and medicine and are not developed and utilized.

And thirdly, constructing a micro-terrain, improving the landscape effect and adjusting the soil moisture distribution of the germplasm resource garden area.

According to the field topography, mechanically preparing soil, if the terrain is flat, adjusting the terrain to form an undulating terrain with a certain fall; if the site has a certain fall, the slope is shaped, a steep slope is cut and changed into a gentle slope, the water and soil loss is reduced, and the flat land is slightly fluctuated.

And fourthly, landscape composition is realized, the overall landscape effect of the germplasm resource garden is improved, and reasonable partitioning of the resource garden is facilitated.

According to the constructed microtopography, the microtopography is firstly divided into functional sections according to the purpose of resource collection, or the microtopography is divided into plant sections according to the family of the plant, the plant section according to the producing area of the plant, or the microtopography is divided into plant sections according to the use of the plant. Each district is cut apart through the tourist route, carries out the position with tourist route, sand plants and other gardens smallclothes and arranges. The width of the tour road is not too large, generally the main road is not more than 2m, the branch road is below 1m, and the tour routes are smooth and communicated to form a loop. Natural stones, pebbles and the like are suitable for enclosing plant planting boundaries, and the style of the tour pavement paving material is consistent with that of the plant enclosing boundaries, so that the tour pavement paving material is natural and interesting. Leaving a small amount of sand land without planting, showing the original sand land appearance and showing the effect of leaving white. In order to increase the landscape effect of the resource collection garden, landscape stones, dead wood, garden gadgets and the like are properly matched in the field.

And fifthly, collecting plant resources, providing materials for germplasm resource collection, and simultaneously taking double effects of resource collection and landscape into consideration.

According to the selected plant species or variety, seeds, spikes, roots, buds and the like can be collected for propagation or storage, and healthy and strong seedlings bred by artificial assistance can also be selected and transplanted to a storage place.

When the material is preserved and collected, the seeds are selected from the naturally growing strong plants, and when the number of the seeds is insufficient, tissues and organs such as pollen, spikes, roots, buds and the like can be collected for propagation. The collection of the preservation materials such as the spike, the root and the bud should be carried out in the individual dormancy period. The damage to the original plants is reduced as much as possible during the collection of the propagation material. The number of plants of each kind or variety (line) is more than 5 arbor species, more than 20 shrub and vine species and more than 50 herbaceous species, thereby solving the phenomenon that a special garden cannot be shared with a germplasm resource garden and avoiding the problem of common neglect in the existing landscape construction.

And sixthly, configuring the plants, and taking the dual effects of resource collection and landscape into consideration.

Plant configuration is carried out according to plant height, leaf shape, branch characteristics, flowering habit, fruiting habit, community hierarchy and the like, wherein the plant configuration comprises main and matched scene plant selection and vertical plant selection. The main scenery plants usually have absolute advantages in quantity or shape and size, the color and the image are prominent, and the display position is also particularly important; the scenery plants are mainly based on the principle of highlighting the main scenery plants, and the types which can generate contrast with the main scenery plants in the aspects of color, texture and the like are preferably selected. On the body, the beauty of the plant is mostly reflected. In terms of the amount of plants, a landscape with rich levels is constructed according to the height change of the plants. Common arbors (> 1m) are used as background, shrubs (< 1m) are used as intermediate scenery, and other herbaceous plants are used as foreground. Meanwhile, the collocation of flowering phase and flower color is noticed. Plants with poor drought resistance are suitable to be planted in low-lying areas, plants with multiple roots and the like which are easy to grow are suitable to be planted on slope surfaces, plants with strong drought resistance are suitable to be planted on slope tops, plants with gorgeous colors and special tree shapes are suitable to be planted at landscape nodes, and plants such as herbs and shrubs are suitable to be planted in a connected mode, so that a certain pattern effect is formed.

And seventhly, planting, which provides early foundation for good growth of plants.

Foot basal application is needed before planting, and 600-750 kg/m of chicken manure is generally applied²Or 1800-2250 kg/m of duck manure²Or 3000-3750 kg/m of pig manure²Or cow dung 4500～6000kg/m²And thoroughly mixing the base fertilizer with the soil by ploughing. The planting density is 4m multiplied by 5m or 5m multiplied by 5m, the big shrub is 3m multiplied by 3m or 3m multiplied by 4m, and the small shrub is 30cm multiplied by 30 cm. Arbor or big bush can also be carried out scattered planting according to the place to show whole effect. Watering in time after planting, and shading some broad-leaved plants if necessary to reduce water evaporation. Tall trees and shrubs are supported in time during planting, tall plants of the cactaceae family are permanently supported, and the support frame is made of iron materials and is coated with green paint. For plants with poor drought tolerance, proper clay needs to be added into soil during planting, so that the water retention capacity of the soil is improved.

And eighthly, non-plant materials are embellished to provide landscape effect.

(1) And (3) covering a planting area: in order to reduce surface evaporation and water and soil loss and increase landscape effect, the covering material is laid in time after planting. The covering material can be selected from natural macadam, artificial macadam or ceramsite with particle size not more than 2cm, or selected from shell, etc., and is not suitable for covering with straw, bark, etc.

(2) Selecting dead wood: the withered wood, withered tree root, semiweathered trunk, hollow trunk and the like can be selected, and the withered wood is placed without covering materials so as to express natural appearance.

(3) And (3) landscape stone: stones with different natural weathering sizes are selected for decoration, larger stones can be placed at the entrance position or the eye position, the height is not less than 2m, appropriate characters can be engraved, and small and medium stones can disperse or concentrate on decorated slopes.

(4) Landscape products: the landscape small products mainly play a role in integral decoration, and can be selected from totem poles, sand creature models, tropical characteristic pavilions and the like.

And ninth, a water supply and drainage system is used for guaranteeing water supply in the garden and enhancing the water and soil conservation function.

An irrigation system can be laid in combination with planting, and an automatic sprinkling irrigation mode is generally adopted for irrigation. Drainage in the field is well done, and water accumulation is avoided. Drainage ditches are arranged according to the road trend in the yard, open ditches are suitable for drainage, and closed ditches are not suitable for drainage, so that the sediment in the ditches can be cleaned regularly.

And tenthly, later-period management is carried out, and the healthy growth of the plants in the germplasm resource garden is guaranteed.

(1) And (3) fertilizer and water management: due to poor water and fertilizer retention capability of sand, the fertilizer application is in accordance with the principle of less frequent application. Drainage work in rainy season is well done, and water accumulation in the field is avoided.

(2) Weeding: weeds in the field are cleared away in time, the weeding by the herbicide in the field is forbidden, and the weeds are cleared away with roots as much as possible during weeding.

(3) Trimming: cleaning withered and dead branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overgrown branches and the like regularly, and pruning the plants influencing the tree landscape if necessary.

(4) Pest and disease damage: common diseases and pests of psammophytes mainly include powdery mildew, root rot, sooty mould, leaf rust, scale insect, Gelidium japonicum Kishinouye, leaf beetle, chafer and the like. The method is to realize early discovery, early treatment and early removal. If the plants with the viruses are found, the diseased plants need to be cleaned in time, the surrounding of the diseased plants are disinfected, and the cleaned diseased plants are burnt or embedded.

And eleventh, file management, which provides a query basis for scientific management and resource utilization of the germplasm resource garden.

After planting, the germplasm resources are classified and numbered carefully in time, and the germplasm resources are accurate to which area, which cell, which row and which range, and the whole germplasm resource garden needs to be registered, drawn and registered on site in time. And establishing resource garden files, wherein the filing contents comprise various feasibility research reports, related approval files, preliminary design schemes, operation design schemes, basic conditions of a repository, germplasm registration, germplasm determination evaluation, repository production management registration, field design and test results of related tests, related charts, pictures, photos, image and sound image data, specimens, technical management files and the like. The filing requirement file is recorded, arranged, examined, filed and stored for a long time by a specially-assigned person. Both paper and electronic versions of the file should be saved.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are given below for the understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Example (b):

the implementation place is as follows: next-generation Chinese flowering crabapple region centipede branch and continental island wharf

The type of the site: coastal sandy land

The construction method comprises the following steps:

(1) and (5) leveling the field. Site area 6000m²The height difference of the original site is 0.8 m. Mechanical soil preparation is adopted, on the basis of the original field, field arrangement is carried out, the highest region of topography in the field is subjected to steep slope descending, the height difference is 1.2m, the gradient is 5 degrees, the low-lying part is filled with soil properly, local elevation is carried out, the height difference is 0.8m, the gradient is 3 degrees, and 3 fluctuation regions which are staggered and caused are formed.

(2) Preparation of nursery stock

Nursery stock list

(3) Resource nursery area planning

According to the early-stage investigation and data collection conditions, the variety and the number of the sand plants to be collected are determined, on the basis of fully knowing the biological characteristics of each plant, a resource collection garden is divided into 4 areas, namely a native plant area, an Asian plant area, an American plant area and an African plant area, and physical isolation is carried out through a road in the garden. Micro terrains with different heights are built in each special plant area, and an integral landform landscape caused by differences is formed.

(4) Applying enough base fertilizer before planting

Generally, 600-750 kg/hm of chicken manure is applied²Or 1800-2250 kg/hm of duck manure²Or 3000-3750 kg/hm of pig manure²Or 4500-6000 kg/hm of cow dung²And thoroughly mixing the base fertilizer with the soil by ploughing. The planting density is 4m multiplied by 5m or 5m multiplied by 5m, the big shrub is 3m multiplied by 3m or 3m multiplied by 4m, and the small shrub is 30cm multiplied by 30 cm.

(5) Plant landscape construction

1) The arbor is decorated to show the appearance of the thin tree in the sandy land. Planting 3 sea mangoes in low-lying lands in a resource collection garden, wherein the distance between plants is more than 30 m;

2) area of native plant 2800m²The method mainly comprises the following steps of planting pittosporum tobira, aleurites fordii, hibiscus syriacus, dactylophora floribunda, sargentgloryvine stem, castor-oil plant, viter rotundifolia, catharanthus roseus, purple catharanthus roseus, cactus Hainan, catharanthus roseus, sisal hemp and the like, and planting the aleurites fordii, the dactylophora floribunda and the like in the micro-terrain slope of the area; the herba Catharanthi rosei is planted in the penumbra, such as pink herba Catharanthi rosei, purple herba Catharanthi rosei, Hainan radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, and red herba Catharanthi rosei, with planting density of 30 × 30cm, and radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii planted in clusters, each cluster is larger than 1m²The pittosporum tobira is planted at a slope angle, the plant spacing is 1.5m, sisal hemp is planted at the boundary line of the area at equal intervals, the plant spacing is 2m, saddle vine and wedelia trilobata are used for decorating the inner space of a garden, and as a ground cover plant, hibiscus syriacus, vinca pink, vinca purple and vinca red are planted at the two sides of the garden, and the planting density is 30cm multiplied by 30 cm.

3) Asian plant area, area 1000m²The main plants include agave, wine orchid, white peach fan, paphiopedilum, longleaf yucca, damnacanthus, sisal, catharanthus roseus, and tiger tail orchid. In the region, agave, paphiopedilum, cymbidium bicolor and the like are planted on the micro-terrain slope top and are planted in a bulk shape, each bulk is not less than 3 plants, and the sansevieria trifasciata, the cymbidium falcatum, the yucca changii and the like are planted in a half slope with the planting density of 80cm multiplied by 100 cm.

4) American plant area, area 1000m²The main plants include Wedelia trilobata, herba Artesunate, rhizoma Seu radix Bergeniae, caulis et folium Cayratiae Oligocarpae, and herba Veronicastri DivaricatiCoral, single thorn round fan, lucky crown brocade, hexagonal tianlun column, cactus, etc. Wherein the south American wedelia chinensis is used as a ground cover plant, and the planting density is 20 × 20 cm; the hexagonal tianlun column, the cactus and the snow blowing column are planted on the middle and upper slopes of the microtopography, the planting density is 60-80cm multiplied by 100-150cm, and the metal support is used for reinforcement, and is coated with green paint for enhancing the landscape effect; planting the golden amber in the middle slope position at random according to the size of the ball, wherein the planting density is 50-60 multiplied by 70-80 cm; planting various plants such as Caichun Feng, sarcandra glabra, auspicious Guanjin and the like in downhill positions, or interspersing large plants such as hexagonal Tianlun columns, cactus fingers, snow blowing columns and the like; planting the Jinsuan amber in a relatively flat place, and covering the ground surface with macadam.

5) African plant area, 1200m in area²Mainly planting the plants of African overlord tree, giant columella, desert rose, Asia dragon wood, eight barren palates, Baba aloe, sansevieria trifasciata, aloe barbadensis and Diwang brocade. 28 African overlord trees which are uniformly distributed in the area; in order to highlight the characteristics of the African region, the region increases the background of the Jingshi, and uses the Jingshi as the center to plant giant pillar, Asian dragon wood, eight barren palates, aloe barbadensis, sansevieria trifasciata, aloe barbadensis, dian brocade and the like. Planting desert rose in front of the scenic stones, and covering the ground surface with broken stones, wherein the planting density is 50-60cm multiplied by 70-80 cm.

6. Garden spot

In order to make the natural landscape of the garden, dead wood with different lengths and sizes is placed in the open space reserved in the garden, cactus is planted beside the large dead wood, and scenic stones are placed in the African plant area, wherein 1 piece of 2m of the high scenic stones, 6 pieces of 80-1.2m of the high scenic stones and 20 pieces of the high scenic stones are about 30 cm.

7. Tending management

Watering in time after planting, and timely weeding out weeds in the garden. After the nursery stock recovers the normal growth, fertilizing the fertilizer for 1 time every month according to 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

8. File management

After planting is finished, the germplasm resources are classified and numbered carefully in time, the number of the germplasm resources is accurate to the district, the cell, the row and the quantity, and the whole germplasm resource garden needs to be registered, drawn and made into a book on site in time.

The embodiments of the present invention are described only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not for the limitation of the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention which is claimed is fully set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A landscape construction method of a tropical psammophyte germplasm resource garden is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) selecting the place:

selecting sand with deep soil layer, good drainage and irrigation and excellent microclimate conditions as a concrete land block;

2) variety determination and classification:

determining the plant species or variety suitable for selected standing planting according to the biological climate characteristics of the original region of the species, the ecological distribution region and the availability of resources, and classifying the plants;

3) constructing a microtopography:

according to the selected terrain, forming a rugged terrain with a certain fall through mechanical soil preparation; the flat terrain is adjusted to have a certain fall, the slope terrain is changed into a steep slope, and the undulation fall after adjustment is 0.5-1.5 m;

4) landscape composition:

partitioning according to the constructed micro-terrain, the functional characteristics of the plants, the family of the plants, the producing areas of the plants and the purposes of the plants, dividing each area through a tour road, and arranging the positions of the tour road, the sandy plants and other garden commodities; the main road of the tour channel is not more than 2m, the branch road is below 1m, and the tour routes are smooth and communicated to form a loop; natural stones and pebbles are used for enclosing plant planting boundaries, and the styles of the tour pavement paving materials and the plant enclosing boundaries are consistent; a small amount of sand is reserved for not planting, the original sand appearance is displayed, and the effect of leaving white is shown; the landscape effect of the resource collection garden is increased by matching the scenic stones, dead wood and garden commodities in the field;

5) collecting plant resources:

collecting seeds, spikes, roots and buds according to the selected plant species or variety for propagation or storage, or selecting healthy and strong seedlings bred by artificial assistance and transplanting to a storage place; the number of plants of each kind or variety is more than 5 arbors, more than 20 shrubs and vines and more than 50 herbals;

6) plant configuration:

configuring plants according to plant height, leaf shape, branching characteristics, flowering habit, fruiting habit and community hierarchy, wherein the plant configuration comprises main landscape plant and matched landscape plant selection; the configuration of the main landscape plants requires prominent color and image, the proportion is 20-40%, and the display position is arranged at the entrance of the garden or at the landscape node; the scene matching plant selects the type which can generate contrast with the main scene plant in the aspects of color, texture and the like on the basis of accompanying the main scene plant; the percentage is 60-80%, the display positions are arranged around the main landscape plants to set off the main landscape plants; the body embodies the beauty of the plant, the landscape with rich levels is built on the body according to the height change of the plant, arbor larger than 1m is used as background, shrub smaller than 1m is used as middle landscape, other herbaceous plants are used as foreground, and the landscape is arranged according to the florescence and the flower color; plants with poor drought resistance are planted in low-lying lands, plants with fleshy roots and the like are planted on slopes, plants with strong drought resistance are planted on the tops of the slopes, plants with gorgeous colors and special tree shapes are planted at landscape nodes, and plants and shrubs are planted in a connected mode to form a pattern effect;

7) planting:

applying enough base fertilizer before planting, and fully mixing the base fertilizer with soil through turning over; planting density, namely planting arbors at 4m multiplied by 5m or 5m multiplied by 5m, planting big shrubs at 3m multiplied by 3m or 3m multiplied by 4m, and planting small shrubs at 30cm multiplied by 30 cm;

8) non-plant material interspersing:

landscape products: selecting totem poles, sand creature models and tropical characteristic pavilions as landscape gadgets playing a role in integral decoration;

9) a water supply and drainage system:

an irrigation system in an automatic sprinkling irrigation mode is laid, drainage in a field area is made, and water accumulation is avoided; drainage ditches are arranged according to the road trend in the yard, open ditches are used for draining water, and blind ditches are not used for draining water, so that the sediment in the ditches can be cleaned regularly;

10) and (4) post management:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the microclimate conditions of the land parcel are a minimum temperature of more than 8 ℃, an altitude of not more than 800m, a soil texture of sandy soil, and a pH value of the soil of 5.0-8.0.

3. The landscape architecture of the tropical sandy plant germplasm resource garden of claim 1, wherein the plant variety classification method is as follows:

(3) classifying according to the ornamental value of the plant, and classifying into 4 types of flower, fruit, leaf and wood;

4. The method for constructing the landscape of the tropical psammophyte germplasm resource garden of claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer is 600-750 kg/ha of chicken manure, 1800-2250 kg/ha of duck manure, 3000-3750 kg/ha of pig manure, or 4500-6000 kg/ha of cattle manure.