CN113839143A - 一种聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229920000110 poly(aryl ether sulfone) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 biphenol Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)=O SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZFVMWEVVKGLCIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol AF Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZFVMWEVVKGLCIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1=O ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1O JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GPASWZHHWPVSRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=C(C)C=C1O GPASWZHHWPVSRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CZAZXHQSSWRBHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetramethylphenol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1O CZAZXHQSSWRBHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044119 2-tert-butylhydroquinone Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ODJUOZPKKHIEOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 ODJUOZPKKHIEOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 6
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XTUSEBKMEQERQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(C)O XTUSEBKMEQERQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Cell Separators (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜及其制备方法,所述隔膜断面呈现海绵孔状结构,孔之间相互贯穿连通。本发明的隔膜有利于锂离子的迁移,表现出优异的孔隙率、吸液率和离子电导率;且在180℃下放置1h没有发生收缩,表现出优异的耐热性能;同时本发明工艺简单,成本低,可实现规模化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料领域,特别涉及一种聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,市场上商业化的锂离子电池隔膜主要是以聚乙烯(PE)和聚丙烯(PP)为代表的聚烯烃隔膜。聚烯烃隔膜因具有良好的化学稳定性、力学性能以及较低的成本而被广泛应用于商用锂离子电池中。然而,聚烯烃隔膜固有的热稳定性低和电解液润湿性差的缺陷,使得锂离子电池存在安全隐患,并且限制了其电化学性能。因此,开发一种热稳定性高、电化学性能好的锂离子电池隔膜具有重大意义。
开发具有热稳定性高、电化学性能好的锂离子电池隔膜仍是目前锂离子电池领域研究的热点,例如采用聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚苯并咪唑(PBI)、聚丙烯晴(PAN)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)等耐热聚合物作为膜材料,利用静电纺丝法、相转化法等制备出锂离子电池隔膜,显示出比商业聚烯烃隔膜更好地耐热性和电化学稳定性。
Cho等【Cho S J,Choi H,Youk,J H.Evaluation of PBI Nanofiber Membranesas aHigh-temperature Resistance Separator for Lithium-ion Batteries[J].Fibersand Polymers,2020,21(5):993-998.】,以PBI为膜材料,通过静电纺丝法和热压处理,制备出耐高温和阻燃的纳米纤维膜;显示出比PP隔膜更好的热尺寸稳定性、电化学稳定性以及与电极的界面相容性。
Tan等【Tan J Y,Kong L Y,Qiu Z M,et al.Flexible,high-wettability andthermostable separator based on fluorinated polyimide for lithium-ion battery[J].Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,2018,22(11):3363-3373.】,采用合成的含氟聚酰亚胺,通过相转化法制备出具有海绵状孔结构的隔膜,该隔膜的拉伸强度达到了26.8MPa,组装的锂离子电池在5C下的放电比容量高于PE隔膜组装的电池,且在0.2C下循环100圈后可保持95%的容量,表现出优异的倍率性能和循环性能。
聚芳醚砜(PES)是一类非结晶性高分子膜材料,具有很好的成膜性能和化学稳定性,由于其分子中含有砜基(-SO2-)等极性基团,与极性电解液具有良好润湿性。然而,商品化PES由于其结构单一已经无法满足各种领域对材料性能的需求。因此,通过设计分子结构,开发出更高耐热性能和机械性能的新型聚芳醚砜受到了人们的关注。
目前,聚芳醚砜在膜方面主要应用于离子交换膜、超滤膜和抗菌膜等,如(1)【Simari C,Lufrano E,Brunetti A,et al.Highly-performing and low-cost na-nostructured membranes based on Polysulfone and layered doubled hydroxide forhigh-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J].Journal of PowerSource,2020,471(01):1-10.】;(2)【耿文哲,冯永,王馨昱,等.新型高性能NH2-MIL-125(Ti)/聚芳醚砜反应性杂化超滤膜[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2020,52(04):143-150.】;(3)【Koulivand H,Shahbazi A,Vatanpour V,et al.Novel antifouling andantibacterial polyethersulfone membrane prepared by embedding nitrogen-dopedcarbon dots for efficient salt and dye rejection[J].Materials Science&Engineering C-Materials for Biologic Application,2020,111:1-9.】等,而在锂离子电池隔膜方面还未见过相关报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜及其制备方法,该隔膜有利于锂离子的迁移,表现出优异的孔隙率、吸液率和离子电导率;且在180℃下放置1h没有发生收缩,表现出优异的耐热性能;同时本发明工艺简单,成本低,可实现规模化生产。
本发明提供了一种聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜,所述隔膜断面呈现海绵孔状结构,孔之间相互贯穿连通;分子结构通式如下所示:
所述二元酚选自对苯二酚、间苯二酚、邻甲基对苯二酚、2-特丁基对苯二酚、2,5-二特丁基对苯二酚、2,5-二甲基对苯二酚、双酚A、双酚S、双酚F、双酚AF、联苯二酚、四甲基双酚A、四甲基双酚S、四甲基双酚AF、四甲基双酚F、四甲基联苯二酚中的至少两种。
本发明还提供了一种聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜的制备方法,包括:
将二元酚、成盐剂、有机溶剂、4,4’-二氯二苯砜放入反应釜中,加热回流分水反应结束后,过滤除盐,在沉析剂中沉析,过滤,100℃-150℃真空干燥3小时-8小时,得到固体产物,随后用磷酸三乙酯溶解固体产物得到铸膜液,静置脱泡,涂膜,凝固液凝固,洗涤,干燥脱膜即可;其中,所述二元酚与4,4’-二氯二苯砜的摩尔比为1:0.9-1.1。
所述成盐剂选自无水碳酸钾、无水碳酸钠、无水碳酸锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钙中的一种或几种。
所述有机溶剂为质量比10-1:1的强极性非质子有机溶剂与共沸脱水剂的混合溶剂。
所述强极性非质子有机溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜中的一种或几种;所述共沸脱水剂选自甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、邻二氯苯、庚烷中的一种或几种。
所述成盐剂与二元酚的摩尔比为1.0-2.5:1。
所述有机溶剂与反应物的质量比为2-10:1;其中,反应物的质量是指二元酚、成盐剂与4,4’-二氯二苯砜的质量之和。
所述加热回流分水反应温度范围为100℃-220℃反应时间为5小时-30小时。
所述沉析剂选自水、甲醇、乙醇、乙醚、乙二醇、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇二甲醚、丙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丙酮、甲基异丁酮、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇中的一种或几种。
所述沉析剂与有机溶剂的质量比为2-10:1。
所述铸膜液质量百分比浓度为1%-30%。
所述凝固浴为:水、乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇、甲乙酮、丙酮、甲基异丁基酮、质量比为1:1-8水和乙醇混合液、质量比为1:1-8水和甲醇混合液、质量比为1:1-8水和丙醇混合液、质量比为1:1-8水和异丙醇混合液、质量比为1:1-8水和甲乙酮混合液、质量比为1:1-8水和丙酮混合液。
所述洗涤,是指采用去离子水洗涤2-5次。
所述干燥,是指25℃-180℃的温度范围内干燥2小时-10小时。
有益效果
(1)本发明通过非溶剂致相分离法(NIPS法)制备得到具有海绵状孔结构的聚芳醚砜隔膜,孔之间相互贯穿连通,有利于锂离子的迁移,从而提高电化学性能。
(2)本发明所使用的聚芳醚砜具有醚键、砜基等极性基团,与极性电解液具有优异的界面相容性,从而有利于降低界面电阻,提高电解液润湿性。
(3)本发明所使用的聚芳醚砜热分解温度达到了500℃,且在800℃下质量保持率在40%以上,表现出优异的热稳定性。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜PASF-1的断面SEM电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
将22.8克(0.1摩尔)双酚A、22.2克(0.1摩尔)2,5-二特丁基对苯二酚、51.7克(0.18摩尔)4,4’-二氯二苯砜DCDS、226.0克N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮NMP、22.6克甲苯和27.6克(0.2摩尔)碳酸钾放入反应釜中,于100℃-220℃加热回流分水反应5小时后,过滤除盐,将母液倒入497.2克的水中快速沉析,过滤,100℃真空干燥8小时,得到76.3克固体产物(理论产量79.1克,收率为96.4%),记作PASR-1。取其中的5.0克PASR-1固体产物,随后用495.0克磷酸三乙酯(TEP)溶解得到铸膜液,铸膜液的质量百分比浓度为1%,静置脱泡,于干净的玻璃板上涂膜,采用乙醇凝固液凝固,用干净的去离子水洗涤2次-5次,于25℃-180℃的温度范围内干燥10小时,脱膜,得到聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜,记作PASF-1,断面形貌SEM图如图1所示。
实施例2
将25.0克(0.1摩尔)双酚S、11.0克(0.1摩尔)对苯二酚、57.4克(0.2摩尔)4,4’-二氯二苯砜DCDS、800.0克NMP和12.0克DMAc、812.0克甲苯和69.0克(0.5摩尔)碳酸钾放入反应釜中,于100℃-220℃加热回流分水反应30小时后,过滤除盐,将母液倒入16240克乙醇中快速沉析,过滤,150℃真空干燥3小时,得到76.7克固体产物(理论产量78.8克,收率为98.3%),记作PASR-2。取其中的5.0克PASR-2固体产物,随后用45.0克磷酸三乙酯(TEP)溶解得到铸膜液,铸膜液的质量百分比浓度为10%,静置脱泡,于干净的玻璃板上涂膜,采用质量比为1:1水和异丙醇混合液的凝固液凝固,用干净的去离子水洗涤2次-5次,于25℃-180℃的温度范围内干燥2小时,脱膜,得到聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜,记作PASF-2。
实施例3
将25.0克(0.1摩尔)双酚S、12.4克(0.1摩尔)邻甲基对苯二酚、63.1克(0.22摩尔)4,4’-二氯二苯砜DCDS、418.8克NMP、83.8克二甲苯和69.0克(0.5摩尔)碳酸钾放入反应釜中,于100℃-220℃加热回流分水反应20小时后,过滤除盐,将母液倒入2500克甲醇中快速沉析,过滤,130℃真空干燥6小时,得到78.3克固体产物(理论产量80.2克,收率为97.6%),记作PASR-3。取其中的5.0克PASR-3固体产物,随后用20.0克磷酸三乙酯(TEP)溶解得到铸膜液,铸膜液的质量百分比浓度为20%,静置脱泡,于干净的玻璃板上涂膜,采用质量比为1:8水和异丙醇混合液的凝固液凝固,用干净的去离子水洗涤2次-5次,于25℃-180℃的温度范围内干燥8小时,脱膜,得到聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜,记作PASF-3。
实施例4
将22.8克(0.1摩尔)双酚A、33.6克(0.1摩尔)双酚AF、57.4克(0.2摩尔)4,4’-二氯二苯砜DCDS、869.2克NMP、44.8克甲苯、100.0克二甲苯和55.2克(0.4摩尔)碳酸钾放入反应釜中,于100℃-220℃加热回流分水反应18小时后,过滤除盐,将母液倒入3042克水中快速沉析,过滤,120℃真空干燥6小时,得到98.1克固体产物(理论产量99.2克,收率为98.9%),记作PASR-4。取其中的5.0克PASR-4固体产物,随后用28.3克磷酸三乙酯(TEP)溶解得到铸膜液,铸膜液的质量百分比浓度为15%,静置脱泡,于干净的玻璃板上涂膜,采用质量比为1:5水和丙醇混合液的凝固液凝固,用干净的去离子水洗涤2次-5次,于25℃-180℃的温度范围内干燥6小时,脱膜,得到聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜,记作PASF-4。
实施例5
将实施例1-4的固体产物PASR-1~PASR-4,分别取30克溶于120克DMAc中,得到均相透明粘稠的树脂液,于干净的平板玻璃上涂膜,放入鼓风烘箱脱溶剂干燥成膜,具体工艺为:从室温开始升温至100℃,保持1小时,继续升温至180℃,保持1小时后,关闭加热,自然冷却至室温,脱膜,得到聚芳醚砜树脂膜,分别记作PASM-1~PASM-4,测其性能,结果如表1所示。
实施例1-4的聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜PASF-1~PASF-4的性能测试结果如表2所示。
测试方法:
一、聚芳醚砜树脂膜
1.介电损耗
(1)测试仪器:自动元件LCR分析仪
(2)制样及测试方法:将薄膜裁剪成2×2cm的样品,厚度约25μm。用边长为1.5cm的正方形铜片夹在自动原件分析仪上进行测试,测试频率范围为10KHz-1MHz。介电损耗值tanΦ由仪器直接读出。
2.吸水率
(1)测试仪器:烧杯
(2)制样及测试方法:将薄膜裁剪成3×3cm的样品,每组试样6个,分别测量干重。将薄膜在25℃恒温水浴中浸泡24h后取出,迅速擦干表面水分,分别测量湿重。吸水率由下式计算。
式中,W为吸水率,%,G2、G1分别表示薄膜的湿重和干重,mg。吸水率测试结果以六次的算数平均值为准。
3.可见光透过率
(1)测试仪器:紫外可见分光光度计
(2)制样及测试方法:选取15μm左右的薄膜,使用紫外可见分光光度计进行光学性能测试,以空气为对照,波长扫描范围200~1100nm。
4.力学性能测试
(1)测试仪器:Instron 3365万能拉伸机
(2)制样及测试方法:将薄膜裁剪成1cmx5cm的长条,在10mm/min的拉伸速度下对薄膜进行拉伸测试。每种薄膜取五个样品,最后结果取五个样品力学性能的平均值。拉伸强度(Rm)可通过下式计算:
式中,Rm为拉伸强度(MPa),F为样条载荷(N),a为样条的宽度(mm),d为样条的厚度(mm)。
断裂伸长率(σ)可以从下式计算:
式中,σ为断裂伸长率(%),La是样条的初始长度(cm),Lb是样条断裂时的长度(cm)。
5.玻璃化转变温度
(1)测试仪器:差示扫描量热仪
(2)制样及测试方法:利用差示扫描量热仪对样品进行分析。称量5~8mg样品放入坩埚中,在40-300℃温度范围内进行测试,需要通入氮气保护,升温速率为10℃/min。
二、聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜
1.厚度
(1)测试仪器:螺旋测微器
(2)制样及测试方法:将薄膜裁剪成3×3cm的样品,利用螺旋测微器进行测量,每种薄膜测量5次,取平均值。
2.孔隙率
(1)测试仪器:烧杯
(2)制样及测试方法:采用正丁醇吸液法来测定隔膜孔隙率。测试之前,用冲环机将隔膜裁成直径为19mm的圆片,将圆片放入真空干燥箱中干燥以除去隔膜内的水分,取出称量干膜的质量,记为Wdry。然后将干膜放入正丁醇溶液中浸泡8h,使得隔膜充分吸收正丁醇;取出隔膜并用吸液纸将其表面的溶液除去,称量湿膜的质量,记为Wwet。每种隔膜取五个样品,最后结果取五个样品孔隙率的平均值。隔膜的孔隙率可用下式计算得到:
式中,P为隔膜的孔隙率(%),Wdry为隔膜的干重(g),Wwet为隔膜的湿重(g),ρ为正丁醇的密度(g/cm3),V为隔膜的体积(cm3)。
3.吸液率
(1)测试仪器:烧杯
(2)制样及测试方法:测试之前,用冲环机将隔膜裁成直径为19mm的圆片,将圆片放入真空干燥箱中干燥以除去隔膜内的水分,并称量干膜的质量,记为M1。然后将干膜浸入1mol/L的LiPF6(EC:DEC:EMC=1/1/1,V/V/V)的电解液中8h,使得隔膜充分吸收电解液;取出隔膜并用吸液纸将其表面的溶液除去,称量湿膜的质量,记为M2。每种隔膜取五个样品,最后结果取五个样品吸液率的平均值。隔膜的吸液率可用下式计算得到:
式中,EU为隔膜的吸液率(%),M1为隔膜的干重(g),M2为隔膜的湿重(g)。
4.接触角
(1)测试仪器:接触角测量仪
(2)制样及测试方法:将隔膜剪成1cm×5cm的长条,紧贴在载玻片上使其表面平整,通过注射器将电解液滴在隔膜表面,30S后测量其接触角的大小。每种隔膜取五个样品,最后结果取五个样品接触角的平均值。
5.离子电导率测试
(1)测试仪器:电化学工作站
(2)制样及测试方法:利用交流阻抗法(EIS)测量隔膜的本体电阻,进而计算出隔膜的离子电导率。具体方法为:用冲环机将隔膜裁成直径为19mm的圆片,将其置于两张不锈钢片之间,按照正极壳、不锈钢片、隔膜(隔膜需要用电解液浸润)、不锈钢片、负极壳的组装顺序封装成CR2032型电池,进行交流阻抗测试。测试频率范围设置为0.1-106Hz,幅度设置为5mV,离子电导率的结果可由下式计算得出:
式中,d代表隔膜的有效厚度(μm),S代表隔膜与不锈钢片的有效接触面积(cm2),R代表隔膜的本体电阻(Ω)。
6.热尺寸稳定性测试
(1)测试仪器:真空干燥箱
(2)制样及测试方法:用冲环机将隔膜裁成直径为19mm的圆片,分别在30℃,120℃,150℃,180℃的真空干燥箱中放置30min,取出测量隔膜热收缩后的面积。并通过下式计算隔膜的热收缩率:
式中,A0代表热处理前隔膜的面积(cm2),A1代表热处理后隔膜的面积(cm2)。
表1聚芳醚砜树脂膜性能数据表
表2聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜性能数据表
由表1和表2可知:本发明的聚芳醚砜树脂膜具有优异介电性能,具有很低的介电损耗值,0.21%-0.33%之间;同时具有很低的吸水率,高的拉伸强度,高的可见光透过率,高的耐热性,玻璃化转变温度高达170℃以上;而且由此制得的锂离子电池隔膜具有非常优异的综合性能,即零热收缩率,优异的吸液率、孔隙率和离子电导率等。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔膜,其特征在于:所述二元酚选自对苯二酚、间苯二酚、邻甲基对苯二酚、2-特丁基对苯二酚、2,5-二特丁基对苯二酚、2,5-二甲基对苯二酚、双酚A、双酚S、双酚F、双酚AF、联苯二酚、四甲基双酚A、四甲基双酚S、四甲基双酚AF、四甲基双酚F、四甲基联苯二酚中的至少两种。
3.一种聚芳醚砜锂离子电池隔膜的制备方法,包括:
将如权利要求2所述的二元酚、成盐剂、有机溶剂、4,4’-二氯二苯砜放入反应釜中,加热回流分水反应结束后,过滤除盐,在沉析剂中沉析,过滤,100℃-150℃真空干燥3小时-8小时,得到固体产物,随后用磷酸三乙酯溶解固体产物得到铸膜液,静置脱泡,涂膜,凝固液凝固,洗涤,干燥脱膜即可;其中,所述二元酚与4,4’-二氯二苯砜的摩尔比为1:0.9-1.1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述成盐剂选自无水碳酸钾、无水碳酸钠、无水碳酸锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钙中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂为质量比10-1:1的强极性非质子有机溶剂与共沸脱水剂的混合溶剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述强极性非质子有机溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜中的一种或几种;所述共沸脱水剂选自甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、邻二氯苯、庚烷中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述成盐剂与二元酚的摩尔比为1.0-2.5:1。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂与反应物的质量比为2-10:1;其中,反应物的质量是指二元酚、成盐剂与4,4’-二氯二苯砜的质量之和。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述沉析剂选自水、甲醇、乙醇、乙醚、乙二醇、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇二甲醚、丙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丙酮、甲基异丁酮、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇中的一种或几种。
10.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述凝固浴为:水、乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇、甲乙酮、丙酮、甲基异丁基酮、质量比为1:1-8水和乙醇混合液、质量比为1:1-8水和甲醇混合液、质量比为1:1-8水和丙醇混合液、质量比为1:1-8水和异丙醇混合液、质量比为1:1-8水和甲乙酮混合液、质量比为1:1-8水和丙酮混合液中的一种。
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