CN113828544A - Blueberry sorting device and method - Google Patents
Blueberry sorting device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113828544A CN113828544A CN202111117182.7A CN202111117182A CN113828544A CN 113828544 A CN113828544 A CN 113828544A CN 202111117182 A CN202111117182 A CN 202111117182A CN 113828544 A CN113828544 A CN 113828544A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
- B07B13/07—Apparatus in which aggregates or articles are moved along or past openings which increase in size in the direction of movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/361—Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
- B07C5/362—Separating or distributor mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/38—Collecting or arranging articles in groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
- B07C2501/009—Sorting of fruit
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- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a blueberry sorting device and a blueberry sorting method. The blueberry is easily lost by the conventional blueberry sorting device, or the sorting efficiency is not high. The invention comprises a feeding basket, a volume sorting device, a vibration sorting device, a color sorting device and a grading discharging and rejecting device; the volume sorting device is positioned below the feeding basket and outputs the blueberries with different diameters to the vibration sorting device in a grading manner; the vibrating sorting device guides the graded blueberries of different diameters into a color sorting device for color recognition; the grading discharging and removing device stores the mature blueberries with the colors identified by the color sorting device, and removes the immature blueberries. The blueberry screening and sorting machine can automatically complete four processes of conveying, grading, color sorting and screening and removing blueberries, has high sorting efficiency, and can avoid damage to the blueberries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a blueberry sorting device and a blueberry sorting method for sorting the size and color of blueberries.
Background
The blueberry is rich in various nutrient substances, has various physiological health-care functions of promoting the resynthesis of rhodophyll, improving the immunity, resisting cardiovascular diseases and the like, and is listed as one of five human health foods by the international food and agriculture organization. In domestic and foreign markets, the demand of blueberries tends to rise year by year.
The selling price of the blueberries is many times that of the popular fruits, and the blueberry fruit wine has high economic benefit. The blueberry yield is very high in China, the export quantity is very low, and the benefit of the blueberry brought to the economy of China is influenced to a certain extent. The reason for this dilemma is many, but the most important is that the post-harvest treatment level of blueberries is not high enough. Because the harvested blueberries are mixed in quality, improper postharvest treatment affects the quality of the fruits and also the sales of the fruits. The mouth feel of the imported blueberries is not much better than that of the domestic blueberries, but the sizes of the imported blueberries are similar after the imported blueberries are graded and packaged, and the imported blueberries have advantages in the aspects of fruit shapes, external packaging and the like. The post-harvest processing capacity of China is inferior, the quality of blueberries is uneven, the price grade cannot be opened, and the market competitiveness is lacked. The classification is a core link in the commercialization processing and is the judgment of the level of the priority according to the requirements. The sorting and grading technology in the blueberry industry in China falls behind, fruit sorting is lack of strict standards and mostly finished by manpower, and manual sorting has many problems, such as weak blueberry detection capability, poor detection environment, low quality of detection manpower, high labor capacity, low detection speed and the like, and the grading standard is easily influenced by factors such as subjective identification capability and emotion of people. In some areas, a simple mechanical grading device is used, manpower is still needed, damage to fruits is easily caused, and the quality of blueberry fruits is affected. Although the foreign sorting technology is advanced and the equipment is more perfect, most of China is produced by small farmers, and the foreign expensive and large-scale equipment is not suitable for use. These all result in the cost increase of blueberries, so that the berries in China have no competitiveness in the international market. Therefore, research and innovation on the blueberry sorting method and technology become urgent requirements and inevitable trends for the development of the small berry industry.
Currently, there are two general categories of sorting techniques for picked blueberries: mechanical and machine vision. The mature mechanical sorting equipment is widely used and comprises a roller type sorting machine and a rolling rod type sorting machine. The mechanical sorting machine sorts the blueberry fruits according to the single factor of the size of the fruits, and the working principle of the mechanical sorting machine is that the blueberry fruits move along the grading sieves with grids or gaps of different sizes, the smallest fruits leak from the smallest gaps firstly, then the larger fruits leak from the larger gaps, and the blueberries of different grades are sequentially screened out along with the difference of the sizes of the gaps. The grading gaps of the two sorting machines can not be adjusted at will, the gaps are rigid, and blueberries are easy to block in the sorting gaps or damage the surfaces of the blueberries due to collision and other reasons. In the blueberry sorting technology based on machine vision, important attributes such as size, color and shape can be sorted in a grading mode, a large amount of data information can be processed rapidly, the degree of automation is high, the blueberries are not contacted, and damage is small. However, the sorting experimental device matched with the machine vision technology has less research, insufficient device design, less channels, relatively low sorting efficiency and is not suitable for actual production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blueberry sorting device and method which are simple in structure, low in cost, small in damage to fruits and high in sorting efficiency, and aims to overcome the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the blueberry sorting device comprises a feeding basket, a volume sorting device, a vibration sorting device, a color sorting device and a grading discharging and rejecting device; the feeding basket is obliquely fixed on the frame; the volume sorting device comprises a driving mechanism, a driving shaft I, a driven shaft I, a rubber circular belt and a discharging slideway; a first driving shaft and three first driven shafts are supported on the rack through bearings; wherein the two driven shafts are arranged one above the other and are both positioned right below the discharge hole of the feeding basket; the other driven shaft is positioned right above the driving shaft; n nylon belt pulleys are fixed on the driving shaft I and the driven shaft I at intervals, wherein n is more than or equal to 4; the distance between every two adjacent nylon belt wheels on the first driving shaft is d1, the distance between every two adjacent nylon belt wheels on the first driven shaft right above the first driving shaft is d1, the distance between every two adjacent nylon belt wheels on the first other driven shafts is d2, and d1 is larger than d 2; every four nylon belt wheels which are axially aligned on the driving shaft I and the driven shaft I are connected through a rubber circular belt; all the rubber circular belts form a rubber sorting track; the first driving shaft is driven by a driving mechanism; k discharging slideways are arranged below the rubber circular belt in parallel along the conveying direction of the rubber circular belt and are fixed with the rack, and k is more than or equal to 2; the bottom surface of the discharging slide way is obliquely arranged.
The vibration sequencing device comprises a bottom plate, an arc-shaped guide plate, a sequencing slideway and a vibration motor; the bottom plate is obliquely fixed on the frame; k sorting slideways which are equidistantly arranged along the conveying direction of the rubber circular belt are fixed on the bottom plate; an arc-shaped guide plate is arranged at the feeding end of each sorting slide way; each arc-shaped guide plate is positioned at the position of the discharge end of one corresponding discharge slideway; and the base of the vibration motor is fixed with the frame.
The color sorting device comprises a driving shaft II, a driven shaft II, a chain transmission mechanism, a strip-shaped corrugated plate, a light source and an image collector; the second driving shaft and the second driven shaft are arranged at intervals, and two ends of the second driving shaft and two ends of the second driven shaft are supported on corresponding bearing seats through bearings; each bearing seat is fixed with the frame; the driving shaft II and the driven shaft II are connected through two chain transmission mechanisms; the chain transmission mechanism consists of two chain wheels and a chain for connecting the two chain wheels; the transmission direction of the chain is vertical to the transmission direction of the rubber circular belt; the feeding end of the chain transmission mechanism is positioned at the discharging end of the sequencing slide way; the second driving shaft is driven by a second driving mechanism; every two chain links aligned in position on the chains of the two chain transmission mechanisms are connected through a strip-shaped corrugated plate; two adjacent strip-shaped folded plates are closely arranged; the light source and the image collector are both positioned above the chain transmission mechanism and are both arranged towards the chain transmission mechanism; the signal output end of the image collector is connected with the controller through the image acquisition card.
The graded discharging and removing device comprises a steering engine, a graded slideway and a collecting box; the k grading slideways are arranged at the discharge end of the chain transmission mechanism side by side along the transmission direction of the rubber circular belt; each grading slide way is fixed with an output shaft of one steering engine; the base of each steering engine is fixed on the frame; the steering engine is controlled by a controller; two collecting boxes which are arranged side by side along the conveying direction of the grading slide ways are arranged below the discharge end of each grading slide way.
Preferably, the first driving mechanism comprises a first speed reducing motor and a first synchronous belt transmission mechanism; the base of the first speed reducing motor is fixed on the rack; an output shaft of the first speed reducing motor is connected with the first driving shaft through a first synchronous belt transmission mechanism; the second driving mechanism comprises a second speed reducing motor and a second synchronous belt transmission mechanism; the base of the second speed reducing motor is fixed on the rack; and an output shaft of the second speed reducing motor is connected with the second driving shaft through a second synchronous belt transmission mechanism.
More preferably, the first synchronous belt transmission mechanism and the second synchronous belt transmission mechanism are both composed of two synchronous belt wheels and a synchronous belt connecting the two synchronous belt wheels; one synchronous belt wheel of the first synchronous belt transmission mechanism is fixed on an output shaft of the first speed reducing motor, and the other synchronous belt wheel of the first synchronous belt transmission mechanism is fixed on the first driving shaft. One synchronous belt wheel of the second synchronous belt transmission mechanism is fixed on an output shaft of the second speed reducing motor, and the other synchronous belt wheel is fixed on the second driving shaft.
Preferably, the lateral baffle plates are arranged on the outer sides of the two outermost rubber circular belts on the two sides and fixed with the rack.
Preferably, an anti-accumulation fruit-picking brush is arranged right above the rubber circular belt; the anti-accumulation fruit shifting brush is fixed on the mounting shaft; the mounting shaft is fixed with the frame; the fruit picking brush is characterized in that a plurality of rubber shifting rods are fixedly arranged on the fruit picking brush, and each rubber shifting rod is positioned right above a gap between two adjacent rubber circular belts.
More preferably, the anti-accumulation fruit-poking brush is provided with two rollers which are arranged along the conveying direction of the rubber circular belt at intervals; wherein one pile-up preventing fruit-poking brush is provided with m rubber poking rods, the other pile-up preventing fruit-poking brush is provided with n-1-m rubber poking rods, and m is the maximum integer less than or equal to 0.5 (n-1); n-1 gaps between n-1 rubber deflector rods of the two anti-accumulation fruit-poking brushes and n rubber circular belts are aligned one by one along the axial position of the first driving shaft.
The sorting method of the blueberry sorting device comprises the following specific steps:
the driving mechanism I drives a driving shaft I, and the driving shaft drives n rubber circular belts through each nylon belt wheel; the driving mechanism II drives the driving shaft II, and the driving shaft II drives the two chain transmission mechanisms and the strip-shaped folded plates on the two chain transmission mechanisms. The blueberries are fed by a feeding basket and fall onto a rubber sorting track formed by n rubber circular belts; the blueberries move to the discharge end of the rubber circular belt under the driving of the rubber sorting track; because the gap between the adjacent rubber circular belts is gradually enlarged along the direction from the feeding end to the discharging end of the rubber circular belts, the transmission distance of the blueberries with larger diameters on the rubber sorting track is larger than that of the blueberries with smaller diameters, and the blueberries with different diameters fall onto the discharging slide ways at different positions below the rubber sorting track; the blueberries on each discharging slideway are further conveyed to the arc-shaped guide plates at the corresponding positions of the vibration sorting device and enter the sorting slideways at the corresponding positions along the arc-shaped guide plates under the vibration of the vibration motor; the width of the sequencing slide way can only accommodate one blueberry; the blueberries output by the sequencing slide way enter between two strip-shaped corrugated plates of the color sorting device, and the blueberries are still aligned with the original sequencing slide way on the strip-shaped corrugated plates and conveyed forwards after entering the color sorting device; in the process that the two chain transmission mechanisms drive the strip-shaped folded plates to be conveyed to the grading unloading and removing device, the image collector collects two adjacent strip-shaped folded plate images in the lower image collecting area once every preset time under the auxiliary irradiation of the light source, and when blueberries exist on the two strip-shaped folded plates in the image collecting area, the blueberries and the strip-shaped folded plates are captured and shot; the image shot by the image collector is transmitted to the controller through the image acquisition card, when the blueberry is determined to be in the image after the image processing is carried out by the controller, the grading slide ways aligned with the positions of the blueberries on the strip-shaped fold plates and the maturity of the blueberries are judged, if the maturity of the blueberries does not meet the preset requirement is judged, the steering engine at the bottom of the grading slide ways aligned with the blueberries of which the maturity does not meet the preset requirement is controlled to rotate after the preset time is counted from the moment of shooting the image, so that the grading slide ways aligned with the blueberries of which the maturity does not meet the preset requirement are driven to swing upwards, the blueberries of which the maturity does not meet the preset requirement fall into the collecting box which is far below the discharge end of the grading slide ways aligned, and then the rotating steering engine drives the corresponding grading slide ways to reset; if the maturity of all blueberries is judged to all satisfy and predetermine the requirement, then all steering engines are all not moved, and each blueberry falls into the one that the hierarchical slide discharge end below of aliging is close to in the box respectively.
Preferably, if blueberries are stacked on the rubber sorting track, when the stacked blueberries touch the two anti-stacking fruit shifting brushes above the rubber sorting track, the rubber shifting rods of the two anti-stacking fruit shifting brushes are shifted into a layer to sequentially pass through.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. automatic sorting: the method comprises the following steps of studying two attributes of size and color of blueberries, and fully automatically completing four procedures of conveying, grading, color sorting and screening and removing by sequentially passing the blueberries to be sorted through a volume sorting device, a vibration sorting device, a color sorting device and a grading unloading and removing device;
2. the separation efficiency is high: in the volume sorting device, the volume of the blueberries is planned into a plurality of grades, and the grades correspond to one channel respectively; the subsequent vibration sorting device, the color sorting device and the classifying discharging and removing device are also provided with channels with corresponding numbers, and the multi-channel design greatly improves the sorting efficiency;
3. and (3) damage prevention: the volume of the blueberries is sorted by adopting rail type vibration, and round belts made of rubber are used, so that nondestructive sorting of the blueberries is realized; compared with the screening holes, the blueberries are not easily blocked in the screening holes, and the damage to the blueberries is small;
4. simple structure, with low costs: the volume sorting device, the vibration sorting device, the color sorting device and the grading discharging and removing device are all formed by assembling conventional parts, and the device is simple in structure, convenient to disassemble and assemble and low in cost.
5. The invention can provide a research foundation for sorting similar small berries or other discrete agricultural materials, and has great significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the overall construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the construction of the volume sorting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the vibration sorting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the structure of the color sorting apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a structural perspective view of the graded discharging and rejecting device in the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the blueberry sorting device comprises a feeding basket 5, a volume sorting device 1, a vibration sorting device 2, a color sorting device 3 and a grading discharging and rejecting device 4. The feeding basket 5 is obliquely fixed on the frame. The volume sorting device 1 comprises a driving mechanism, a first driving shaft 10, a first driven shaft 11, a rubber circular belt 13 and a discharging slideway 12; a driving shaft I10 and three driven shafts I11 are supported on the frame through bearings; the two driven shafts I11 are arranged one above the other and are positioned right below the discharge hole of the feeding basket 5; the other driven shaft I11 is positioned right above the driving shaft I10; n nylon belt wheels 14 are fixed on the driving shaft I10 and the driven shaft I11 at intervals, wherein n is more than or equal to 4; the distance between every two adjacent nylon belt wheels 14 on the driving shaft I10 is d1, the distance between every two adjacent nylon belt wheels 14 on the driven shaft I11 right above the driving shaft I10 is d1, the distance between every two adjacent nylon belt wheels 14 on the other driven shaft I11 is d2, and d1 is larger than d 2; every four nylon belt wheels 14 which are axially aligned on the driving shaft I10 and the driven shaft I11 are connected through a rubber circular belt 13; all the rubber circular belts 13 form a rubber sorting track; the first driving shaft 10 is driven by a driving mechanism; the k discharging slideways 12 are arranged below the rubber circular belt 13 side by side along the conveying direction of the rubber circular belt 13 and are fixed with the rack, and k is more than or equal to 2; the bottom surface of the discharging slideway 12 is obliquely arranged.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the vibrating sorting device 2 includes a bottom plate 18, an arc-shaped guide plate 15, a sorting chute 16, and a vibrating motor 17; the bottom plate 18 is obliquely fixed on the frame; k sorting slideways 16 which are equidistantly arranged along the conveying direction of the rubber circular belt 13 are fixed on the bottom plate 18; an arc-shaped guide plate 15 is arranged at the feeding end of each sorting slide way 16; each arc-shaped guide plate 15 is positioned at the discharge end of one corresponding discharge slideway 12; the base of the vibration motor 17 is fixed on a vertical baffle plate 19; the vertical baffle 19 is fixed on the frame.
As shown in fig. 4, the color sorting device 3 includes a second driving shaft 22, a second driven shaft 23, a chain transmission mechanism, a strip-shaped corrugated plate 20, a light source 27 and an image collector 28; the second driving shaft 22 and the second driven shaft 23 are arranged at intervals, and two ends of the second driving shaft are supported on the corresponding bearing seat 24 through bearings; each bearing seat 24 is fixed with the frame; the driving shaft II 22 and the driven shaft II 23 are connected through two chain transmission mechanisms; the chain transmission mechanism consists of two chain wheels 21 and a chain connecting the two chain wheels 21; the transmission direction of the chain is vertical to the transmission direction of the rubber circular belt 13; the feeding end of the chain transmission mechanism is positioned at the discharging end of the sequencing slide way 16; the second driving shaft 22 is driven by the second driving mechanism; every two chain links aligned in position on the chains of the two chain transmission mechanisms are connected through a strip-shaped corrugated plate 20; two adjacent strip-shaped corrugated plates 20 are arranged closely; the light source 27 and the image collector 28 are both positioned above the chain transmission mechanism and both face the chain transmission mechanism; the signal output end of the image collector 28 is connected with the controller through an image acquisition card.
As shown in fig. 5, the grading discharging and rejecting device 4 comprises a steering engine 29, a grading slideway 30 and a collecting box 31; the k grading slideways 30 are arranged at the discharge end of the chain transmission mechanism side by side along the transmission direction of the rubber circular belt 13; each grading slide way 30 is fixed with an output shaft of a steering engine 29; the base of each steering engine 29 is fixed on the frame; the steering engine 29 is controlled by a controller; two collecting boxes 31 which are arranged side by side along the conveying direction of the grading slide 30 are arranged below the discharge end of each grading slide 30.
As a preferred embodiment, the first driving mechanism comprises a first speed reducing motor 8 and a first synchronous belt transmission mechanism 9; the base of the first speed reducing motor 8 is fixed on the rack; an output shaft of the first speed reducing motor 8 is connected with a first driving shaft 10 through a first synchronous belt transmission mechanism 9; the driving mechanism II comprises a speed reducing motor II 25 and a synchronous belt transmission mechanism II 26; the base of the second speed reducing motor 25 is fixed on the frame; an output shaft of the second speed reducing motor 25 is connected with the second driving shaft 22 through a second synchronous belt transmission mechanism 26.
As a more preferable embodiment, the first synchronous belt transmission mechanism 9 and the second synchronous belt transmission mechanism 26 are both composed of two synchronous pulleys 9 and a synchronous belt connecting the two synchronous pulleys 9; one synchronous belt wheel 9 of the synchronous belt transmission mechanism I9 is fixed on an output shaft of the speed reducing motor I8, and the other synchronous belt wheel 9 is fixed on the driving shaft I10. One synchronous pulley 9 of the second synchronous belt transmission mechanism 26 is fixed on an output shaft of the second speed reducing motor 25, and the other synchronous pulley 9 is fixed on the second driving shaft 22.
As a preferred embodiment, the side baffle plates 7 are arranged on the outer sides of the two outermost rubber circular belts 13 on the two sides, and the side baffle plates 7 are fixed with the machine frame.
As a preferred embodiment, an anti-accumulation fruit-picking brush 6 is arranged right above the rubber circular belt 13; the anti-accumulation fruit-stirring brush 6 is fixed on the mounting shaft; the mounting shaft is fixed with the frame; the anti-accumulation fruit shifting brush 6 is fixedly provided with a plurality of rubber shifting rods, and each rubber shifting rod is positioned right above the gap between two adjacent rubber circular belts 13.
As a more preferable embodiment, the anti-accumulation fruit-poking brush 6 is provided with two handles which are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the rubber circular belt 13; wherein one pile-up preventing fruit poking brush 6 is provided with m rubber poking rods, the other pile-up preventing fruit poking brush 6 is provided with n-1-m rubber poking rods, and m is the maximum integer less than or equal to 0.5 (n-1); n-1 gaps between n-1 rubber deflector rods of the two anti-accumulation fruit-deflector brushes 6 and n rubber circular belts 13 are aligned one by one along the axial position of the first driving shaft 10.
The sorting method of the blueberry sorting device comprises the following specific steps:
the first driving mechanism drives a first driving shaft 10, and the first driving shaft 10 drives n rubber circular belts 13 through each nylon belt wheel 14; the second driving mechanism drives the second driving shaft 22, and the second driving shaft 22 drives the two chain transmission mechanisms and the strip-shaped corrugated plates 20 on the two chain transmission mechanisms. The blueberries are fed by the feeding basket 5 and fall onto a rubber sorting track formed by n rubber circular belts 13; the blueberries move towards the discharge end of the rubber circular belt 13 under the driving of the rubber sorting track; because the gap between the adjacent rubber circular belts 13 is gradually enlarged along the direction from the feeding end to the discharging end of the rubber circular belts 13, the transmission distance of the blueberries with larger diameters on the rubber sorting track is larger than that of the blueberries with smaller diameters, and the blueberries with different diameters fall onto the discharging slide rails 12 at different positions below the rubber sorting track; the blueberries on each discharging slideway 12 are further conveyed to the arc-shaped guide plates 15 at the corresponding positions of the vibration sorting device 2 and enter the sorting slideways 16 at the corresponding positions along the arc-shaped guide plates 15 under the vibration of the vibration motor 17; the width of the sequencing slide 16 can only accommodate one blueberry; the blueberries output by the sequencing slide 16 enter between two strip-shaped corrugated plates 20 of the color sorting device 3, and after the blueberries enter the color sorting device 3, the blueberries are still aligned with the original sequencing slide 16 on the strip-shaped corrugated plates 20 and are conveyed forwards; in the process that the two chain transmission mechanisms drive the strip-shaped corrugated plates 20 to be conveyed to the grading discharging and removing device 4, the image collector 28 collects images of two adjacent strip-shaped corrugated plates 20 in the lower image collecting area once at preset time intervals (which can be adjusted according to the transmission speed of the chain transmission mechanisms) under the auxiliary irradiation of the light source 27, and when blueberries exist on the two strip-shaped corrugated plates 20 in the image collecting area, the blueberries and the strip-shaped corrugated plates 20 are captured and shot; the image shot by the image collector 28 is transmitted to the controller through the image acquisition card, when the blueberry exists in the image after the image processing is determined by the controller, the grading slide 30 aligned with the position of each blueberry on the strip-shaped corrugated plate 20 and the maturity of each blueberry are judged (the maturity is judged from the color), if the maturity of the blueberry does not meet the preset requirement, the steering engine 29 at the bottom of the grading slide 30 aligned with the blueberry of which the maturity does not meet the preset requirement is controlled to rotate after the preset time II (which can be determined according to the transmission speed of the chain transmission mechanism and the distance between the image collector 28 and the grading slide 30) from the moment of shooting the image, so that the grading slide 30 aligned with the blueberry of which the maturity does not meet the preset requirement is driven to swing upwards, the blueberry of which the maturity does not meet the preset requirement falls into the collecting box 31 at a far distance below the discharge end of the grading slide 30, then the rotating steering engine 29 drives the corresponding grading slide 30 to reset; if the maturity of all blueberries is judged to meet the preset requirement, all the steering engines 29 do not act, and all the blueberries fall into the collection box 31 which is close to the lower part of the discharge end of the aligned grading slide way 30.
As a preferred embodiment, if blueberries are stacked on the rubber sorting track, when the stacked blueberries touch the two anti-stacking fruit shifting brushes 6 above the rubber sorting track, the rubber shifting rods of the two anti-stacking fruit shifting brushes 6 are shifted into a layer to sequentially pass through.
Claims (8)
1. Blueberry sorting unit, including feeding basket and colour sorting unit, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a volume sorting device, a vibration sorting device and a graded discharging and rejecting device; the feeding basket is obliquely fixed on the frame; the volume sorting device comprises a driving mechanism, a driving shaft I, a driven shaft I, a rubber circular belt and a discharging slideway; a first driving shaft and three first driven shafts are supported on the rack through bearings; wherein the two driven shafts are arranged one above the other and are both positioned right below the discharge hole of the feeding basket; the other driven shaft is positioned right above the driving shaft; n nylon belt pulleys are fixed on the driving shaft I and the driven shaft I at intervals, wherein n is more than or equal to 4; the distance between every two adjacent nylon belt wheels on the first driving shaft is d1, the distance between every two adjacent nylon belt wheels on the first driven shaft right above the first driving shaft is d1, the distance between every two adjacent nylon belt wheels on the first other driven shafts is d2, and d1 is larger than d 2; every four nylon belt wheels which are axially aligned on the driving shaft I and the driven shaft I are connected through a rubber circular belt; all the rubber circular belts form a rubber sorting track; the first driving shaft is driven by a driving mechanism; k discharging slideways are arranged below the rubber circular belt in parallel along the conveying direction of the rubber circular belt and are fixed with the rack, and k is more than or equal to 2; the bottom surface of the discharging slideway is obliquely arranged;
the vibration sequencing device comprises a bottom plate, an arc-shaped guide plate, a sequencing slideway and a vibration motor; the bottom plate is obliquely fixed on the frame; k sorting slideways which are equidistantly arranged along the conveying direction of the rubber circular belt are fixed on the bottom plate; an arc-shaped guide plate is arranged at the feeding end of each sorting slide way; each arc-shaped guide plate is positioned at the position of the discharge end of one corresponding discharge slideway; the base of the vibration motor is fixed with the frame;
the color sorting device comprises a driving shaft II, a driven shaft II, a chain transmission mechanism, a strip-shaped corrugated plate, a light source and an image collector; the second driving shaft and the second driven shaft are arranged at intervals, and two ends of the second driving shaft and two ends of the second driven shaft are supported on corresponding bearing seats through bearings; each bearing seat is fixed with the frame; the driving shaft II and the driven shaft II are connected through two chain transmission mechanisms; the chain transmission mechanism consists of two chain wheels and a chain for connecting the two chain wheels; the transmission direction of the chain is vertical to the transmission direction of the rubber circular belt; the feeding end of the chain transmission mechanism is positioned at the discharging end of the sequencing slide way; the second driving shaft is driven by a second driving mechanism; every two chain links aligned in position on the chains of the two chain transmission mechanisms are connected through a strip-shaped corrugated plate; two adjacent strip-shaped folded plates are closely arranged; the light source and the image collector are both positioned above the chain transmission mechanism and are both arranged towards the chain transmission mechanism; the signal output end of the image collector is connected with the controller through an image acquisition card;
the graded discharging and removing device comprises a steering engine, a graded slideway and a collecting box; the k grading slideways are arranged at the discharge end of the chain transmission mechanism side by side along the transmission direction of the rubber circular belt; each grading slide way is fixed with an output shaft of one steering engine; the base of each steering engine is fixed on the frame; the steering engine is controlled by a controller; two collecting boxes which are arranged side by side along the conveying direction of the grading slide ways are arranged below the discharge end of each grading slide way.
2. The blueberry sorting device of claim 1, wherein: the first driving mechanism comprises a first speed reducing motor and a first synchronous belt transmission mechanism; the base of the first speed reducing motor is fixed on the rack; an output shaft of the first speed reducing motor is connected with the first driving shaft through a first synchronous belt transmission mechanism; the second driving mechanism comprises a second speed reducing motor and a second synchronous belt transmission mechanism; the base of the second speed reducing motor is fixed on the rack; and an output shaft of the second speed reducing motor is connected with the second driving shaft through a second synchronous belt transmission mechanism.
3. The blueberry sorting device of claim 2, wherein: the first synchronous belt transmission mechanism and the second synchronous belt transmission mechanism are both composed of two synchronous belt wheels and a synchronous belt for connecting the two synchronous belt wheels; one synchronous belt wheel of the first synchronous belt transmission mechanism is fixed on an output shaft of the first speed reducing motor, and the other synchronous belt wheel is fixed on the first driving shaft; one synchronous belt wheel of the second synchronous belt transmission mechanism is fixed on an output shaft of the second speed reducing motor, and the other synchronous belt wheel is fixed on the second driving shaft.
4. The blueberry sorting device of claim 1, wherein: the outer sides of the two outermost rubber circular belts on the two sides are provided with side baffles, and the side baffles are fixed with the rack.
5. The blueberry sorting device of claim 1, wherein: an anti-accumulation fruit-poking brush is arranged right above the rubber circular belt; the anti-accumulation fruit shifting brush is fixed on the mounting shaft; the mounting shaft is fixed with the frame; the fruit picking brush is characterized in that a plurality of rubber shifting rods are fixedly arranged on the fruit picking brush, and each rubber shifting rod is positioned right above a gap between two adjacent rubber circular belts.
6. The blueberry sorting device of claim 5, wherein: the anti-accumulation fruit-poking brush is provided with two rollers which are arranged at intervals along the transmission direction of the rubber circular belt; wherein one pile-up preventing fruit-poking brush is provided with m rubber poking rods, the other pile-up preventing fruit-poking brush is provided with n-1-m rubber poking rods, and m is the maximum integer less than or equal to 0.5 (n-1); n-1 gaps between n-1 rubber deflector rods of the two anti-accumulation fruit-poking brushes and n rubber circular belts are aligned one by one along the axial position of the first driving shaft.
7. The blueberry sorting device sorting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method comprises the following specific steps:
the driving mechanism I drives a driving shaft I, and the driving shaft drives n rubber circular belts through each nylon belt wheel; the driving mechanism II drives a driving shaft II, and the driving shaft II drives the two chain transmission mechanisms and the strip-shaped folded plates on the two chain transmission mechanisms; the blueberries are fed by a feeding basket and fall onto a rubber sorting track formed by n rubber circular belts; the blueberries move to the discharge end of the rubber circular belt under the driving of the rubber sorting track; because the gap between the adjacent rubber circular belts is gradually enlarged along the direction from the feeding end to the discharging end of the rubber circular belts, the transmission distance of the blueberries with larger diameters on the rubber sorting track is larger than that of the blueberries with smaller diameters, and the blueberries with different diameters fall onto the discharging slide ways at different positions below the rubber sorting track; the blueberries on each discharging slideway are further conveyed to the arc-shaped guide plates at the corresponding positions of the vibration sorting device and enter the sorting slideways at the corresponding positions along the arc-shaped guide plates under the vibration of the vibration motor; the width of the sequencing slide way can only accommodate one blueberry; the blueberries output by the sequencing slide way enter between two strip-shaped corrugated plates of the color sorting device, and the blueberries are still aligned with the original sequencing slide way on the strip-shaped corrugated plates and conveyed forwards after entering the color sorting device; in the process that the two chain transmission mechanisms drive the strip-shaped folded plates to be conveyed to the grading unloading and removing device, the image collector collects two adjacent strip-shaped folded plate images in the lower image collecting area once every preset time under the auxiliary irradiation of the light source, and when blueberries exist on the two strip-shaped folded plates in the image collecting area, the blueberries and the strip-shaped folded plates are captured and shot; the image shot by the image collector is transmitted to the controller through the image acquisition card, when the blueberry is determined to be in the image after the image processing is carried out by the controller, the grading slide ways aligned with the positions of the blueberries on the strip-shaped fold plates and the maturity of the blueberries are judged, if the maturity of the blueberries does not meet the preset requirement is judged, the steering engine at the bottom of the grading slide ways aligned with the blueberries of which the maturity does not meet the preset requirement is controlled to rotate after the preset time is counted from the moment of shooting the image, so that the grading slide ways aligned with the blueberries of which the maturity does not meet the preset requirement are driven to swing upwards, the blueberries of which the maturity does not meet the preset requirement fall into the collecting box which is far below the discharge end of the grading slide ways aligned, and then the rotating steering engine drives the corresponding grading slide ways to reset; if the maturity of all blueberries is judged to all satisfy and predetermine the requirement, then all steering engines are all not moved, and each blueberry falls into the one that the hierarchical slide discharge end below of aliging is close to in the box respectively.
8. The sorting method of the blueberry sorting device as defined in claim 7, wherein: if blueberries are stacked on the rubber sorting track, when the stacked blueberries touch the two anti-stacking fruit shifting brushes above the rubber sorting track, the two rubber shifting rods of the anti-stacking fruit shifting brushes are shifted into a layer to sequentially pass through.
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| CN113828544B (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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