CN113797936A - 一种Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种Pt‑Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法及应用,称取一定质量的1‑丁基‑3‑甲基咪唑聚苯乙烯磺酸盐加入水中配制成聚离子液体水溶液,将一定量的聚离子液体水溶液加入反应瓶中,并向其中加入Pt前驱体,再加入Cu前驱体,充分混合均匀得到混合液;向混合液中加入配制的NaBH4水溶液,轻轻摇晃反应瓶使溶液混合均匀,室温下静置反应0.5h‑2.5h;所得反应溶液离心分离,弃去上层溶液得下层沉淀,用高纯水对下层沉淀进行离心洗涤,在40℃‑60℃条件下真空干燥,所得黑色沉淀即为Pt‑Cu合金空心纳米球。本发明制备方法简单、快速、安全、绿色环保,所制备出的Pt‑Cu合金空心纳米球形貌均一、结构稳定,在氨硼烷水解释氢反应中具有优异的催化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及双金属纳米催化剂的制备技术领域,具体是一种水溶液中聚离子液体调控Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法及其在催化氨硼烷水解释氢中的应用。
背景技术
双金属纳米材料具有明显优于单金属纳米材料的催化性能,将一种金属引入到另一种金属中,制备出具有核壳、合金或异质结构的双金属纳米材料。这样,金属间由于存在电子效应和几何效应等,使其催化活性得到显著提高,同时也提高了催化剂的选择性、抗中毒性和稳定性。其中,Pt-Cu双金属纳米材料在催化、电催化、光热理疗和传感等领域具有广泛的应用研究。
例如,发明专利一采用乙二醇和水的混合溶液,在焦磷酸盐的辅助下,于110℃-140℃油浴反应3.0h制备出XC-72C担载的树枝状Pt-Cu纳米线,其在氧还原反应中具有较高的催化活性。发明专利二以氯铂酸和乙酰丙酮铜为前驱体,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为表面活性剂,在油胺溶液中于170℃-220℃溶剂热反应24h-36h,制得α-Al2O3负载的Pt-Cu3合金脱硝用催化剂。发明专利三以乙酰丙酮铂和乙酰丙酮铜为前驱体,在乙二醇、油胺和油酸的混合溶液中,于170℃-180℃反应6h-12h,制备出分级枝状Pt-Cu催化剂,其在电催化甲醇氧化反应中具有优异的催化性能。
研究表明,催化剂的催化性能不仅与金属间的摩尔比率有关,还与其形貌和结构密切相关。其中具有中空结构的Pt-Cu纳米材料由于具有较大的比表面积、较多的活性位点和较稳定的结构而备受关注。申请号为201711185608.6、201810039504.2和201810122216.3的中国发明专利以乙酰丙酮铂和氯化铜为前驱体,在油胺溶液中,不同的还原剂(乙醇胺、精氨酸或尿囊素)存在下,160℃-180℃溶剂热反应8h-10h,分别制备出Pt-Cu空心立方体纳米框架、空心纳米笼和十二面体纳米框架。它们在氧化还原和析氢反应中具有优异的催化活性。然而,不难发现,这些不同形貌和结构Pt-Cu催化剂的制备通常在有机溶剂中进行,还需使用有毒的金属有机前驱体,而且反应多在高温下进行,有时还需要高压条件(如溶剂热合成)。因而这些合成路线既耗费大量的能量又可能带来环境污染,有悖于经济、绿色的发展理念。因此,开发试剂安全、操作简单、反应条件温和的绿色合成路线以制备具有空心结构的Pt-Cu纳米材料显得尤为重要。
离子液体具有较高的化学稳定性、较低的界面张力、广泛的溶解能力、结构性能可调等优异的特性,在材料制备领域得到了极大关注。聚离子液体是由离子液体单体通过共聚或均聚反应形成的大分子聚合物,不仅具有离子液体的原有特性,而且兼具大分子构架的协同结构。然而,聚离子液体优异的特性在双金属材料的制备领域还没有得到足够的重视。中国专利采用聚1-环氧乙烷-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体制备具有核壳结构的Ru@Pd双金属催化剂,反应分两步进行:首先以手性钌无规共聚物为前驱体,在含氨水的乙醇溶液中,聚离子液体存在下,制得表面含有聚离子液体的钌纳米催化剂颗粒。然后在二甲基亚砜溶液中,氮气保护下以醋酸钯为前驱体,制得具有核壳结构的双功能Ru@Pd催化剂。该反应体系不仅使用了有机金属前驱体,而且在有机溶剂中进行,试剂不仅昂贵,而且容易产生挥发性有机物(VOCs),带来环境污染。因而有必要开展新的、较为绿色的聚离子液体调控合成双金属纳米催化剂的合成工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法及应用,以不同浓度的聚离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑聚苯乙烯磺酸盐([C4mim][PSS])为结构导向剂,调控合成出形貌均一、结构稳定、性能优异的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球,该Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球在氨硼烷水解释氢反应中具有优异的催化性能,本发明的制备方法简单、快速、安全、低能耗、绿色环保、实验条件温和,适于推广使用。
本发明具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的,依据本发明提出的一种Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)、称取一定质量的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑聚苯乙烯磺酸盐加入水中配制成聚离子液体水溶液,备用;
(2)、将步骤(1)中制备的聚离子液体水溶液加入反应瓶中,并向其中加入Pt前驱体,再加入Cu前驱体,充分混合均匀得到混合液;
(3)、称取NaBH4,加入蒸馏水,配制成NaBH4水溶液,加入到上述步骤(2)所得混合液中;轻轻摇晃反应瓶使溶液混合均匀,室温下静置反应0.5h-2.5h;
(4)、对步骤(3)所得反应溶液进行离心分离,弃去上层溶液得下层沉淀,用高纯水对下层沉淀进行5-6次离心洗涤,在40℃-60℃条件下真空干燥,所得黑色沉淀即为Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球。
进一步地,步骤(1)中聚离子液体水溶液中1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑聚苯乙烯磺酸盐的质量浓度为0.001-0.004g/mL。
进一步地,步骤(2)中聚离子液体水溶液的加入量为5mL。
进一步地,Pt前驱体是H2PtCl6,H2PtCl6的加入量为0.001-0.005mmol。
进一步地,Cu前驱体是CuCl2,CuCl2的加入量为0.001-0.005mmol。
进一步地,步骤(3)中NaBH4水溶液的浓度为0.05-0.3mol/L,其加入量为0.5mL。
进一步地,所得Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的粒径为150nm,壁厚为15nm。
进一步地,前述制备方法所制备出的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球在催化氨硼烷水解产氢中具有优异的催化性能;其中,Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球与氨硼烷的摩尔比为(0.01-0.03):(1-3)。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)、本发明以水作为反应介质,以不同浓度的聚离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑聚苯乙烯磺酸盐([C4mim][PSS])为结构导向剂。聚离子液体含有离子液体单元,具有离子液体的基本特性。离子液体由阴阳离子组成,与前驱体存在静电相互作用;同时咪唑环以及聚阴离子的磺酸基也与金属元素具有一定的相互作用。并且聚离子液体属于大分子材料,具有大分子构架的协同结构。因而,应用聚离子液体可以调控合成出形貌均一、性能优异的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球。
(2)、本发明不需要在反应体系中加入表面活性剂、硬模板剂和有机试剂等,也不需要使用金属有机前驱体,在室温、水溶液、静止条件下即可进行反应,实验条件温和、操作简单、能耗低、绿色环保。
(3)、本发明所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球,其粒径约为150nm,一些纳米球表面破裂,可看出为空心结构。透射电子显微镜图中的黑白对照清晰的表明Pt-Cu纳米球为空心结构,壁厚约为15nm。元素面扫图可以看出元素Pt和Cu均匀分布于整个纳米球,证明Pt-Cu空心纳米球为合金结构。因而,金属间产生的电子效应和几何效应等能明显提高催化剂的活性、抗中毒性和稳定性。
(4)、本发明所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球可用于催化氨硼烷水解释氢,反应在室温条件下进行,条件温和,Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球与氨硼烷的摩尔比为(0.01-0.03):(1-3),催化剂用量少,对氨硼烷产氢反应具有优异的选择性,反应20min内氨硼烷的转化率达97%,表明Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球对氨硼烷水解释氢具有较高的催化活性。
附图说明
图1为实施例3所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球放大20000倍的SEM图;
图2为实施例3所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球放大200000倍的SEM图;
图3为实施例3所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的TEM图;
图4为实施例3所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球HAADF-STEM和元素面扫图;
图5为实施例3所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球催化氨硼烷水解生成H2的摩尔量随时间的变化曲线。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明的内容,下面将结合具体实施例和附图来进一步阐述本发明。以下实施例以本发明的技术为基础实施,给出了详细的实施方式和操作步骤,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
一种Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、称取一定质量的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑聚苯乙烯磺酸盐([C4mim][PSS])配制成质量浓度为0.001-0.004g/mL的聚离子液体水溶液,备用;
步骤二、取5mL步骤一中的聚离子液体水溶液加入到反应瓶中,并向其中加入0.001-0.005mmol的H2PtCl6,然后再加入0.001-0.005mmol的CuCl2,将反应瓶内的物质充分混合均匀得到混合液;
步骤三、称取NaBH4,加入蒸馏水,配制成摩尔浓度为0.05-0.3M的NaBH4水溶液,取一定量NaBH4水溶液快速加入到上述步骤二所得混合液中;轻轻摇晃反应瓶使溶液混合均匀,室温下静置反应0.5h-2.5h,得到反应混合物;
步骤四、对步骤三所得反应混合物进行离心分离,弃去上层溶液得下层沉淀,随后,用高纯水对下层沉淀进行5-6次离心洗涤,在40℃-60℃条件下真空干燥,所得黑色沉淀即为Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球。
实施例1:
1)称取0.1g[C4mim][PSS],定容至100mL,配制成质量浓度为0.001g/mL的[C4mim][PSS]聚离子液体水溶液;
2)取5mL步骤1)中的[C4mim][PSS]聚离子液体水溶液加入到圆底烧瓶中,并向其中加入0.001mmol H2PtCl6,再加入0.003mmol CuCl2,将反应瓶内的物质充分混合均匀得到混合液;
3)称取NaBH4,加入蒸馏水,配制成摩尔浓度为0.1M的NaBH4水溶液,取0.5mL NaBH4水溶液快速加入到步骤2)所得混合液中,轻轻摇晃反应瓶使溶液混合均匀,室温下静置反应1.0h,得到反应混合物;
4)对步骤3)所得反应混合物进行离心分离,弃去上层溶液得下层沉淀,随后,用高纯水对下层沉淀进行5次离心洗涤,在40℃-60℃条件下真空干燥,最后所得黑色沉淀即为Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球。
实施例2:
1)称取0.2g[C4mim][PSS],定容至100mL,配制成质量浓度为0.002g/mL的[C4mim][PSS]聚离子液体水溶液;
2)取5mL步骤1)中的[C4mim][PSS]聚离子液体水溶液加入到圆底烧瓶中,并向其中加入0.003mmol H2PtCl6,然后再加入0.001mmol CuCl2,将反应瓶内的物质充分混合均匀得到混合液;
3)称取NaBH4,加入蒸馏水,配制成摩尔浓度为0.1M的NaBH4水溶液,取0.5mL NaBH4水溶液快速加入到步骤2)所得混合液中,轻轻摇晃反应瓶使溶液混合均匀,室温下静置反应1.5h,得到反应混合物;
4)对步骤3)所得反应混合物进行离心分离,弃去上层溶液得下层沉淀,随后,用高纯水对下层沉淀进行5次离心洗涤,在40℃-60℃条件下真空干燥,最后所得黑色沉淀即为Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球。
实施例3:
1)称取0.2g[C4mim][PSS],定容至100mL,配制成质量浓度为0.002g/mL的[C4mim][PSS]聚离子液体水溶液;
2)取5mL步骤1)中的[C4mim][PSS]聚离子液体水溶液加入到圆底烧瓶中,并向其中加入0.001mmol H2PtCl6,然后再加入0.003mmol CuCl2,将反应瓶内的物质充分混合均匀得到混合液;
3)称取NaBH4,加入蒸馏水,配制成摩尔浓度为0.1M的NaBH4水溶液,取0.5mL NaBH4水溶液快速加入到步骤2)所得混合液中,轻轻摇晃反应瓶使溶液混合均匀,室温下静置反应2.0h,得到反应混合物;
4)对步骤3)所得反应混合物进行离心分离,弃去上层溶液得下层沉淀,随后,用高纯水对下层沉淀进行6次离心洗涤,在40℃-60℃条件下真空干燥,最后所得黑色沉淀即为Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球。
5)将0.03mmol制得的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球分散于2mL水中,超声分散均匀,再加入4mmol的氨硼烷,500rpm转速下磁力搅拌反应,采用气体测量装置测量所产生的氢气量。
图1和图2是本实施例所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的SEM图,从图中可以看出Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球粒径约为150nm,一些纳米球表面破裂,可以看出其为空心结构。
图3是本实施例所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的TEM图,从图中可以看出Pt-Cu纳米球为空心结构,壁厚约为15nm。
图4是本实施例所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的HAADF-STEM和元素面扫图,可以看出元素Pt和Cu均匀分布于整个纳米球,证明Pt-Cu空心纳米球为合金结构。
图5是本实施例所制备的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球催化氨硼烷水解生成的H2的摩尔量随时间的变化曲线;可以看出反应20min内氨硼烷的转化率达97%。表明Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球对氨硼烷水解释氢具有较高的催化活性。
具体地,本申请所得Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球用于催化氨硼烷水解产氢时,所用的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的物质的量优选为0.02mmol-0.06mmol,氨硼烷物质的量为2mmol-6mmol,即Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球用于催化氨硼烷水解产氢时,Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球与氨硼烷的摩尔比优选为(0.01-0.03):(1-3)。
实施例4:
1)称取0.4g[C4mim][PSS],定容至100mL,配制成质量浓度为0.004g/mL的[C4mim][PSS]聚离子液体水溶液;
2)取5mL步骤1)中的[C4mim][PSS]聚离子液体水溶液加入到圆底烧瓶中,并向其中加入0.002mmol H2PtCl6,然后再加入0.002mmol CuCl2,将反应瓶内的物质充分混合均匀得到混合液;
3)称取NaBH4,加入蒸馏水,配制成摩尔浓度为0.1M的NaBH4水溶液,取0.5mL NaBH4水溶液快速加入到步骤2)所得混合液中,轻轻摇晃反应瓶使溶液混合均匀,室温下静置反应2.5h,得到反应混合物;
4)对步骤3)所得反应混合物进行离心分离,弃去上层溶液得下层沉淀,随后,用高纯水对下层沉淀进行5次离心洗涤,在40℃-60℃条件下真空干燥,最后所得黑色沉淀即为Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球。
实施例5:
1)称取0.3g[C4mim][PSS],定容至100mL,配制成质量浓度为0.003g/mL的[C4mim][PSS]聚离子液体水溶液;
2)取5mL步骤1)中的[C4mim][PSS]聚离子液体水溶液加入到圆底烧瓶中,并向其中加入0.001mmol H2PtCl6,然后再加入0.003mmol CuCl2,将反应瓶内的物质充分混合均匀得到混合液;
3)称取NaBH4,加入蒸馏水,配制成摩尔浓度为0.3M的NaBH4水溶液,取0.5mL NaBH4水溶液快速加入到步骤2)所得混合液中,轻轻摇晃反应瓶使溶液混合均匀,室温下静置反应1.0h,得到反应混合物;
4)对步骤3)所得反应混合物进行离心分离,弃去上层溶液得下层沉淀,随后,用高纯水对下层沉淀进行5次离心洗涤,在40℃-60℃条件下真空干燥,最后所得黑色沉淀即为Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球。
以上所述仅是本发明的实施例,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,本发明还可以根据以上结构和功能具有其它形式的实施例,不再一一列举。因此,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法,其特征在于具体包括以下步骤:
(1)、称取一定质量的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑聚苯乙烯磺酸盐加入水中配制成聚离子液体水溶液,备用;
(2)、将步骤(1)中制备的聚离子液体水溶液加入反应瓶中,并向其中加入Pt前驱体,再加入Cu前驱体,充分混合均匀得到混合液;
(3)、称取NaBH4,加入蒸馏水,配制成NaBH4水溶液,加入到步骤(2)所得混合液中;轻轻摇晃反应瓶使溶液混合均匀,室温下静置反应0.5h-2.5h;
(4)、对步骤(3)所得反应溶液进行离心分离,弃去上层溶液得下层沉淀,用高纯水对下层沉淀进行5-6次离心洗涤,在40℃-60℃条件下真空干燥,所得黑色沉淀即为Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球。
2.如权利要求1所述的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)聚离子液体水溶液中1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑聚苯乙烯磺酸盐的质量浓度为0.001-0.004g/mL。
3.如权利要求1所述的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中聚离子液体水溶液的加入量为5mL。
4.如权利要求1或3所述的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法,其特征在于Pt前驱体是H2PtCl6,H2PtCl6的加入量为0.001-0.005mmol。
5.如权利要求1或3所述的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法,其特征在于Cu前驱体是CuCl2,CuCl2的加入量为0.001-0.005mmol。
6.如权利要求1或3所述的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法,其特征在于步骤(3)中NaBH4水溶液的浓度为0.05-0.3mol/L,其加入量为0.5mL。
7.如权利要求1所述的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法,其特征在于所得Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的粒径为150nm,壁厚为15nm。
8.如权利要求1所述的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法,所得Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球在催化氨硼烷水解产氢中的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述的Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法,其特征在于Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球用于催化氨硼烷水解产氢时,Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球与氨硼烷的摩尔比为(0.01-0.03):(1-3)。
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