CN113796536A - 一种富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法、该方法制备的花生衣提取物及应用 - Google Patents
一种富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法、该方法制备的花生衣提取物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法、该方法制备的花生衣提取物及应用,属于天然产物制备技术领域。本发明以花生衣为原料,经粉碎后,采用水浸泡,再采用30~50%乙醇水溶液提取,上清液经浓缩冻干后,所得粉末进一步经复溶处理,所得酚类化合物的富集物经大孔树脂纯化、浓缩、冻干后,获得高纯度酚类化合物粉末,包装后得成品。本发明以花生衣为原料,价格低廉;采用分级提取与复溶处理的方式对花生衣中的酚类化合物进行富集提取,结合基于pH调控的大孔树脂纯化工艺,高效提高了花生衣提取物产品中酚类化合物的纯度,且工艺简单,可操作性强,成本低,高效环保,易于工业化生产,所制备的产品有效活性成分含量和安全性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然产物制备技术领域,具体涉及一种富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法、该方法制备的花生衣提取物及应用。
背景技术
花生衣(Arachis hypogaea Linn.),又称花生皮,指豆科植物花生种子外表面的那层红色(或黑色)种皮。花生衣含有丰富的活性成分,具有止血、散瘀、消肿的功效,临床上有广泛应用。国内外研究指出,花生衣富含酚类和类黄酮化合物,具有抗氧化、防止血小板减少、抑菌、抗衰老、抗癌、止疼等诸多功效,在保健食品和医疗食品方面具有广阔的前景,是当今高效农业中很有发展前景的作物。然而,目前花生衣多作为饲料和燃料等低附加值产品使用,难以体现其应有的应用价值和经济效益。因此,充分开发花生衣中的功能成分,高效利用花生衣及其中的活性成分对花生产业链的延伸极具经济价值。
当前花生衣中活性成分的开发利用主要以水提取为主,大部分酚类等活性成分的提取不够充分,影响了提取物的应用及效果。
发明内容
针对现有技术与产品中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,该方法简单易行,适用于工业推广。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,是花生衣经过水浸泡除杂后,采用30~50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液浸提,浸提出的上清液经浓缩冻干后,向所得粉末加入浓度为30~50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液复溶,复溶后的溶液再经浓缩冻干后,即得含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物。
所述的水浸泡除杂为:按固液比1:10~20(g/mL)向花生衣中加水,于25-35℃、180-200r/min条件下震荡浸泡15-25min,离心抽滤后保留沉淀。
所述30~50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液浸提为:按固液比1:10~20(g/mL)向经水浸泡除杂后所的沉淀中加入浓度为30~50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液,于25-35℃、180-200r/min条件下震荡浸提40-60min,离心抽滤后保留上清液。
为了进一步提高含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物中活性成分的含量,所述水浸泡除杂步骤可以重复2-3次;所述30~50%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液浸提步骤可以重复4-5次;在一个具体的实施例中,所述水浸泡除杂步骤重复2次;所述30~50%%(v/v)乙醇水溶液浸提步骤重复5次。
所述的复溶步骤中浓度为30~50%(v/v)乙醇水溶液的添加量为固液比1:100~150(g/mL),在一个具体的实施例中,此处的固液比1:150(g/mL)。
所述的浓缩是采用旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的10~20%。
上述富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,还包括将获得的含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物经大孔树脂纯化的步骤。
大孔树脂为D101、DM301、HZ801型大孔树脂中的任意一种,优选径高比为1:5-8。
采用大孔树脂纯化的步骤如下:
a.用上样液以1~2BV/h流速平衡柱子,待pH试纸指示流出液pH为5.5-6.5时,平衡完毕;
b.将含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物溶于上样液中,以0.75~1.5BV/h的流速上样,经大孔树脂柱吸附1.5~2个柱体积后,采用上样液以0.75~1.5BV/h流速洗脱1~1.5个柱体积,最后采用洗脱液以1.5~2BV/h的流速进行洗脱,待0.5~1个柱体积后收集流出液,至1.5~2个柱体积后停止收集,经旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的10~20%,并冷冻干燥得花生衣酚类化合物富集物粉末。
其中,
所述上样液为pH 5.5-6.5的浓度为40%的乙醇水溶液;其pH调节可以采用醋酸、盐酸、柠檬酸中的一种进行;
所述洗脱液为pH 8.5-9.5的浓度为70%的乙醇水溶液;其pH调节可以采用氢氧化钠水溶液进行调节。
所述步骤b中含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物与上样液的比例为1:50~80(g/mL)。
上述方法制备的花生衣提取物有效成分含量高、杂质少、安全性高,可直接用于食品、饲料、医药、化工等领域。
本发明技术方案的优点:
本发明以花生衣为原料,价格低廉,采用分级提取与复溶处理相结合的富集提取方法,所得提取物的有效成分含量高、杂质少、安全性高,可直接应用于食品、医药、化学品、饲料、农药等工业领域;并且,结合pH调控的大孔树脂纯化工艺,进一步提升了花生衣提取物干物质中酚类化合物的纯度,可作为抗炎、抗病、保健行业中具有针对性的开发制剂。该方法操作简单,易于实施,成本低,高效环保,产品安全、得率高,效果显著,能够带来较高的经济效益,可用于工业化生产。
(1)本发明以花生加工副产物花生衣为原料,采用分级提取的方式,即,水浸泡后,30~50%乙醇水溶液提取,收集30~50%乙醇水溶液提取的部分,经浓缩冻干后得到干粉。该方式简单易操作,通过调整提取溶剂乙醇的浓度,就可以达到提高花生衣提取物中有效成分含量和安全性的效果,从而改善了通过提取纯化仅获取花生衣中的单一成分原花色素而造成的其他活性成分未被有效开发的问题,同时,所得提取物中富含多酚、类黄酮等活性成分,可以有效提升单一组分产品所不具有的生物学功能和生理功能,用途更加广泛,效果也更显著。
(2)在分级提取的基础上,进一步采用复溶处理,可显著提高花生衣提取物干物质中有效成分的含量,酚类化合物的含量可占干物质质量的70%以上,该花生衣提取物可以直接应用于各种所需领域。
(3)采用基于pH调控的大孔树脂纯化工艺,高效快速,可进一步提升花生衣提取物中酚类化合物的含量,从而满足医药等特殊领域所需。
(4)本发明方法操作简单、成本降低、效率提高,所制备的两种花生衣提取物有效成分含量高,安全性高,能够满足不同领域的需求,易于推广。
具体实施方式
在本发明中所使用的术语,除非有另外说明,一般具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义。
下面结合具体实施例,并参照数据进一步详细的描述本发明。以下实施例只是为了举例说明本发明,而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
花生衣为市售。
多酚含量的测定:采用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定花生衣提取物中的多酚。吸取500μg/mL的没食子酸标准溶液0、25、50、75、100、150、200、300、400μL于EP管中,用60%乙醇溶液补足至1mL后,从中吸取100μL于新的EP管中,依次加入1mL蒸馏水、150μL Folin-Ciocalteu试剂、600μL 10%Na2CO3溶液,加水补足至2.5mL,于30℃下避光放置2h,以0样为空白,于760nm处测定吸光值,绘制标准曲线。移取100μL浓度为1mg/mL提取物待测液于EP管中,根据以上方法测定760nm处的吸光值,代入回归方程计算待测液中多酚浓度。
类黄酮含量的测定:吸取500μg/mL芦丁标准溶液0、25、50、75、100、150、200、300、400μL于EP管并用40%(v/v)乙醇水溶液补足至1mL,从中吸取50μL于新的EP管中,加入0.1mol/L AlCl3溶液25μL、醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液(pH 5.5)50μL,用60%乙醇稀释至500μL,摇匀,静置15min,以0样为空白,于402nm处测定吸光值,绘制标准曲线。移取50μL浓度为1mg/mL提取物待测液于EP管中,根据以上方法测定402nm处的吸光值,代入回归方程计算待测液中类黄酮浓度。
实施例1
一种富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,步骤如下:
(1)按固液比1:20(g/mL)向花生衣中加水,于30℃、200r/min条件下震荡浸泡25min,离心抽滤后保留沉淀,重复该操作2次;
(2)向步骤(1)所得沉淀中按固液比1:20(g/mL)加入40%(v/v)乙醇水溶液,于30℃、200r/min条件下震荡浸提60min,离心抽滤后保留上清液,重复该操作5次;
(3)将步骤(2)所得上清液经旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的15%后冷冻干燥得粉末;
(4)按照固液比1:150(g/mL)向步骤向步骤(3)所得粉末中加入浓度为40%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液复溶,离心抽滤后保留上清液。
(5)将步骤(4)所得上清液经旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的15%后冷冻干燥得含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物粉末;
(6)按照径高比1:5(直径30cm,高150cm)对HZ801型大孔树脂纯化柱进行装柱,采用上样液(经2mol/L醋酸调节的pH值为5.5的40%乙醇水溶液)以2BV/h流速平衡柱子,待pH试纸指示流出液pH值为5.5时,平衡完毕。将步骤(5)所得含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物粉末按照固液比1:80(g/mL)溶于上样液中制备成样品溶液,以0.75BV/h的流速上样,经HZ801型大孔树脂纯化柱吸附2个柱体积后,采用上样液以0.75BV/h流速洗脱1.5个柱体积,再采用洗脱液(经4mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH为9.5的70%乙醇水溶液)以1.5BV/h的流速进行洗脱,待0.5个柱体积后收集流出液,至1.5个柱体积后停止收集,洗脱液经旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的15%和冷冻干燥得花生衣酚类富集物粉末;
(7)将步骤(5)和步骤(6)所得含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物和花生衣酚类富集物粉末,分别包装后得成品。
检测步骤(5)制得的含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物中酚类和类黄酮化合物的含量,结果发现,酚类和类黄酮化合物的含量分别达到了72.37%、17.25%;含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物的得率约为11.33%。
检测步骤(6)制得的花生衣酚类富集物粉末的活性成分,结果发现,经大孔树脂纯化后酚类化合物的纯度可达98.87±0.57%,具有较好的生物学功能和生理作用,产品安全性高,可直接使用。
对比例1
一种花生衣中酚类化合物的提取方法,步骤如下:
(1)按照1:20(g/mL)的比例向花生衣中加入40%乙醇水溶液,于功率1000W、55℃超声波辅助提取60min,离心抽滤后保留上清液,重复该操作3次;
(2)将步骤(1)所得上清液经旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的15%后冷冻干燥得花生衣提取物粉末;
(3)按照径高比1:5(直径30cm,高150cm)对HZ801型大孔树脂纯化柱进行装柱,采用40%乙醇水溶液的上样液以2BV/h流速平衡柱子,2个柱体积后平衡完毕。将步骤(2)所得花生衣提取物粉末按照固液比1:50(g/mL)溶于上样液中,以0.75BV/h的流速上样,经HZ801型大孔树脂纯化柱吸附2个柱体积后,采用上样液以0.75BV/h流速洗脱1.5个柱体积,再采用经70%乙醇水溶液的洗脱液以1.5BV/h的流速进行洗脱,待0.5个柱体积后收集流出液,收集洗脱液,至1.5个柱体积后停止收集,洗脱液经旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的15%和冷冻干燥得花生衣酚类纯化物粉末;
(4)将步骤(2)和步骤(3)所得花生衣提取物粉末和花生衣酚类纯化物粉末,分别包装后得成品。
经检测,该方法制得的花生衣提取物粉末的得率约为6.27%,其中酚类和类黄酮化合物的纯度分别为24.76%和3.82;经大孔树脂纯化后,制得的花生衣酚类纯化物粉末中酚类化合物的纯度为85.34%。
实施例1与对比例1相比,分级提取与复溶处理可显著提升花生衣提取物中有效成分的含量,提高提取效率,降低成本,具有富集酚类和类黄酮化合物的效果;并且经过pH调控的纯化工艺可显著提高酚类化合物的吸附与洗脱,酚类化合物的得率和纯度得到很大的提升。
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
花生衣经过水浸泡除杂后,采用30~50%的乙醇水溶液浸提,浸提出的上清液经浓缩冻干后,向所得粉末加入浓度为30~50%的乙醇水溶液复溶,复溶后的溶液再经浓缩冻干后,即得含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物。
2.根据权利要求1所述富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的水浸泡除杂为:按固液比1:10~20(g/mL)向花生衣中加水,于25-35℃、180-200r/min条件下震荡浸泡15-25min,离心抽滤后保留沉淀。
3.根据权利要求1所述富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述30~50%的乙醇水溶液浸提为:按固液比1:10~20(g/mL)向经水浸泡除杂后所的沉淀中加入浓度为30~50%的乙醇水溶液,于25-35℃、180-200r/min条件下震荡浸提40-60min,离心抽滤后保留上清液。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,其特征在于,还包括将获得的含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物经大孔树脂纯化的步骤。
5.根据权利要求4所述所述富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的大孔树脂为D101、DM301、HZ801型大孔树脂中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述所述富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述大孔树脂纯化的步骤如下:
将含酚类化合物的花生衣活性成分富集物溶于上样液中,以0.75~1.5BV/h的流速上样,经平衡后的大孔树脂柱吸附后,采用洗脱液以1.5~2BV/h的流速进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,经旋转蒸发浓缩和冷冻干燥得花生衣酚类化合物富集物粉末。
7.根据权利要求6所述所述富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,其特征在于,
所述上样液为pH 5.5-6.5的浓度为40%的乙醇水溶液;优选的,所述洗脱液为pH 8.5-9.5的浓度为70%的乙醇水溶液。
8.根据权利要求6所述所述富集花生衣中酚类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述大孔树脂柱的平衡过程为:用上样液以1~2BV/h流速平衡柱子,待pH试纸指示流出液pH为5.5-6.5时,平衡完毕。
9.权利要求1~8任一项所述方法制备的花生衣提取物。
10.权利要求9所述的花生衣提取物在食品、饲料、医药、化工领域的应用。
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