CN1137329C - 内燃机的进气系统 - Google Patents

内燃机的进气系统 Download PDF

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CN1137329C
CN1137329C CNB008039151A CN00803915A CN1137329C CN 1137329 C CN1137329 C CN 1137329C CN B008039151 A CNB008039151 A CN B008039151A CN 00803915 A CN00803915 A CN 00803915A CN 1137329 C CN1137329 C CN 1137329C
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E·利珀特
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    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃机，特别是具有直接喷射的快燃发动机的进气系统，其中至少带有一个构成汽缸的汽缸头(14)、一个进气管(10)，其中每个汽缸至少具有一个风道(20)，和每个汽缸至少具有一个安置在汽缸头(14)中，带有一个流入所属汽缸的进气孔(24)的进气通道(22)，其中进气管(10)和汽缸头(14)通过一个汽缸头法兰(12)相互连接，使进气管(10)的风道(20)与一个相应的进气通道(22)在汽缸头(14)中建立流体连通，其中在进气管(10)的风道(20)中安置一个可选择性地缩小风道(20)断面的回转板(32)。此处在进气通道(22)中设置一块隔板(26)，它在一个汽缸头法兰(12)和进气孔(24)之间预定的区段划分进气通道(22)和构成的回转板(32)突出于汽缸头法兰(12)，使回转板(32)在风道(20)断面收缩的位置处碰靠到隔板(26)上。

Description

内燃机的进气系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机，特别是具有直接喷射的快燃发动机的进气系统，至少带有一个构成汽缸边界的汽缸头、一个进气管，其中每个汽缸至少有一个风道，和每个汽缸至少具有一个安置在汽缸头中、带有一个流入所属汽缸的进气孔的进气通道，其中进气管和汽缸头通过一个汽缸头法兰相互连接，这种连接是在进气管的风道与一个相应的进气通道在汽缸头中建立传导流体的方式，其中在进气管的风道中安置有可选择性地缩小风道断面的回转板。
背景技术
DE 38 36 550 C2公开了一种内燃机的进气通道系统，其中每个汽缸均有二个安置在汽缸头中的进气通道。在一个进气通道系统的进气管中规定有一块闸板，它随着内燃机的操作状态的变化关闭二个进气通道中的一个。该系统的缺点是，汽缸头侧的进气通道，特别是形成的隔板，与闸板之间只允许有很小的误差，同时闸板布置也只允许有很小的误差，其目的是达到完全关闭2个进气通道中的1个。此外由加工误差导致不希望有的情况，即只有部分闸板，在不好的情况下只有一块闸板完全关闭进气通道，而其余的闸板还留着一些缝隙。
DE 35 22 991 A1公开了一种带有一个进气通道的内燃机，其中规定在进气管道的矩形断面中有一个偏转闸板，在一定操作情况下，全负荷除外，它被开启后在马达汽缸中产生一个旋转气流。因为必须单独操作每个偏转闸板，所以这种装置的耗费是很大的。在一个可抉择的方案中，气流自身或多或少地压下闸板，这也有严重缺点，气流必须作功，由此损失了气流自身的能量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种克服上述缺点的上述类型的进气系统，它借助于对进气通道部分阻断而对内燃机燃烧室的充气运动施加影响。
上述目的的技术方案在于一种用于内燃机的进气系统，其至少带有一个构成汽缸边界的汽缸头、一个进气管，其中每个汽缸至少具有一个风道，和每个汽缸至少具有一个安置在汽缸头中、带有一个流入所属汽缸的进气孔的进气通道，其中进气管和汽缸头通过一个汽缸头法兰相互连接，使进气管的风道与一个相应的进气通道在汽缸头中建立流体连接，其中在进气管的风道中安置一个可选择性地缩小风道断面的回转板，其中，在进气通道中设置一块隔板，它在一个汽缸头法兰和进气孔之间预定的区段将进气通道划分为两个通道；构成的回转板突出于汽缸头法兰；回转板在风道断面收缩的位置处碰靠到隔板上。
为此本发明规定，在进气通道中设置一块隔板，它在一个汽缸头法兰和进气孔之间的区段划分进气通道；回转板突出于汽缸头法兰；回转板在风道的断面缩小处碰靠到隔板上。
本发明的进气系统优点是，代替完全关闭一个进气通道，而在转板的作用下缩小风道和附加的所属进气管通的断面，因此在有效进气通道数目固定时，在内燃机的燃烧室中可按要求影响充气运动。
在一个进气管的管壁处设置一个回转板轴，所有汽缸的回转板均与它结合，特别是用焊接法连接，由此达到所有的回转板共同转动。
每个汽缸设置一个燃料喷射装置，其中在抽气管中构成至少部分接纳燃料的喷射装置的保护套管和燃料通道，燃料通道与所有燃料喷射装置的保护套管连接，由此获得一个加工和安装简单、成本低廉的燃料喷射系统。
回转板在碰撞隔板后再弹动，直至所有的回转板碰撞到各自的隔板上，因此与涉及的不同汽缸的多个回转板的角度误差无关，所有的回转板进一步紧密关闭进气通道的一部分，由此每个回转板构成为弹簧板。
在风道和/或在进气通道的管壁中构成一个间隙，如回转板处于完全开放风道和进气通道的状态，则间隙至少部分地接纳回转板，由此避免由于回转板在风道和进气通道中造成的气流干扰。
回转板在它的碰撞隔板的自由端上弯曲成一个预定的角度，由此在隔板一侧上的较大的误差范围内达到好的密封。
下面结合附图和所属的权利要求进一步说明本发明的其它特征、优点和有利的结构。
附图说明
图1是本发明的进气系统的原理性剖面示意图，
图2是本发明进气系统优选实施形式的剖面图，
图3是本发明进气系统的进气管下部件的底视图，
图4是图3沿H-H线的剖面图，
图5是图3沿D-D线的剖面图，
图6是图4沿K-K线的剖面图。
具体实施方式
从图1的示意图中可看到，本发明的进气系统包括一根进气管或进气管下部件10通过一个汽缸头法兰12连接在一汽缸头14旁。汽缸头14构成一个未示出汽缸的燃烧室16的边界和具有一个未示出火花塞的保护套管18。进气管下部件10组成一个风道20，它与一个进气通道22在汽缸头14中的连接处于流体连通的状态。进气通道22注入进气孔24，到达所属汽缸燃烧室16。在汽缸头14的进气通道22中设置了一个隔板26，它通过在汽缸头法兰12和进气孔24之间的一个预定的段落将进气通道22分隔成二个通道28和30。
在进气管下部件10中，回转板32可旋转地安置在回转板轴34上，回转板可选择性地摆动到开放状态，如用虚线表示的位置，或转到关闭状态，如用实线表示的位置。在开放状态中，风道20和进气通道22的断面完全是开放的，因此在进气系统所属的内燃机全负荷时，保障了一个汽缸或多个汽缸的最大充气。相反地在内燃机部分负荷或空行程时，回转板32处在关闭位置，它用自由端36碰撞隔板26，由此关闭分通道30。这样缩小风道20的有效断面，因而也缩小了进气通道22的断面，使在进气孔上保证预定的流量，该流量在内燃机部分载荷运转或空行程中也可在汽缸中保持一个足够的充气运动。
回转板32穿过汽缸头法兰12进入进气通道22，回转板的自由端36很容易地被折弯。由此有可能在回转板轴34的扭矩作用下，有弹性地弯曲，直至不同汽缸的所有与回转板轴34连接的回转板32均碰到隔板上。按此方式，本发明的结构对不同回转板32在回转板轴34上的不同角度位置所允许的误差不是很敏感，换另一种说法，在关闭位置中，一个回转板轴34的所有回转板32能紧密关闭风道20或进气通道22断面的任一部分，因为回转板轴34能转动很长时间，直至最后一个回转板32碰撞在隔板上。
进气通道22在回转板32的结构区域中，在打开状态下规定有一间隙38，弯曲的自由端36与它衔接。按这种方式，在进气通道22中对气流40造成最小的损失。此外回转板轴34至少部分地埋在进气管下部件10的管壁中，这样它对在进气通道22中的气流40影响很小。
图2示出按本发明优选实施形式的进气系统，其中相同的部件用相同的标号示出，因此可参阅图1的说明。在图2中可看到附加的带有热废气的排气通道44的排气孔42和未示出的燃料喷射阀的保护套管46。每一个汽缸规定有一个独立的燃料喷射阀，在进气管下部件10中构成一个为所有燃料喷射阀共用的燃料通道48，它与燃料喷射阀的所有保护套管建立流体连通。由此进气管下部件10将进气装置与燃料喷射装置结合于一个构件中。
正如以上所提及的，在未示出内燃机的每个汽缸的每一个风道20或每一个进气通道22中均有一个回转板32，所有的回转板32均与回转板轴34连接。从图4至图6中可看到回转板轴34的孔口50和燃料通道48。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于内燃机的进气系统，其至少带有一个构成汽缸边界的汽缸头(14)、一个进气管(10)，其中每个汽缸至少具有一个风道(20)，和每个汽缸至少具有一个安置在汽缸头(14)中、带有一个流入所属汽缸的进气孔(24)的进气通道(22)，其中进气管(10)和汽缸头(14)通过一个汽缸头法兰(12)相互连接，使进气管(10)的风道(20)与一个相应的进气通道(22)在汽缸头(14)中建立流体连接，其中在进气管(10)的风道(20)中安置一个可选择性地缩小风道(20)断面的回转板(32)，其特征在于，在进气通道(22)中设置一块隔板(26)，它在一个汽缸头法兰(12)和进气孔(24)之间预定的区段将进气通道(22)划分为两个通道(28，30)；构成的回转板(32)突出于汽缸头法兰(12)；回转板(32)在风道(22)断面收缩的位置处碰靠到隔板(26)上。
2.根据权利要求1的进气系统，其特征在于，在一个进气管(10)的管壁中设置一个回转板轴(34)，所有汽缸的回转板(32)与它连接。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的进气系统，其特征在于，每个汽缸均有一个燃料喷射装置，其中在进气管(10)中构成至少部分接纳一个燃料喷射装置的保护套管(46)和一个燃料通道(48)，燃料通道(48)与所有的燃料喷射装置的保护套管(46)连接。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的进气系统，其特征在于，每个回转板(32)由弹簧板构成。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的进气系统，其特征在于，如果风道(20)和进气通道(22)完全处在开放状态下，在风道(20)和/或在进气通道(22)的管壁中构成一个间隙(38)，该间隙(38)至少部分地接纳回转板(32)。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的进气系统，其特征在于，回转板(32)碰靠到隔板(26)上的自由端(36)可弯成一个预定的角度。
CNB008039151A 1999-02-20 2000-01-26 内燃机的进气系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1137329C (zh)

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US6705280B1 (en) 2004-03-16
CN1340130A (zh) 2002-03-13
WO2000049279A1 (de) 2000-08-24
KR20010101791A (ko) 2001-11-14
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EP1157200A1 (de) 2001-11-28
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