CN113717226A - 含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物和制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物和制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物和制备方法及应用,本发明在七甲川花菁类小分子的共轭母体结构中引入具有骨靶向特性的双磷酸结构,构建了一种高选择性识别骨组织、近红外荧光成像的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物。所述七甲川花菁类化合物对辐射诱导的骨丢失具有良好的防治功能,对预防辐射损伤具有潜在意义。所述化合物具有制备方法简单,以及成本低的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种七甲川花菁类化合物,特别涉及一种七甲川花菁类小分子化合物和制备方法及应用。
背景技术
随着核能与核技术应用的发展,人们遭受辐射损伤的潜在性风险大大增加,包括核辐射事故、宇宙空间探索、癌症治疗、放射诊断和辐射加工等领域。相关研究表明,辐射对机体损伤的临床症状表现为造血功能障碍,其中辐射损伤多以骨髓损伤更为常见。骨髓作为人体内的造血干细胞的主要来源,位于长骨的髓腔及所有骨松质内,是对电离辐射的细胞毒性反应最敏感的器官;此外,辐射能减少成骨细胞的增殖和分化,诱导细胞周期停滞,减少胶原蛋白的生成,损害或杀死成骨细胞,并抑制骨形成,导致骨丢失。因此,寻求一种高效低毒的具有骨组织靶向蓄积特性、用于预防辐射诱导的骨丢失防护剂,已成为预防和减轻辐射对身体健康危害的主要途径之一。但是据我们所知,有关小分子化合物骨丢失防护剂的研究较少。
七甲川菁类小分子是一种传统的有机染料,其最大吸收和发射波长在近红外区(700-900nm),被广泛用于肿瘤的监测及光线治疗(PDT和PTT)。前期,申请人报道了一个新型的七甲川类的有机小分子NIRCP-61,并证实其可以显著提高干细胞对辐射的防护(γ照射,5Gy),但不足之处是该小分子不具有骨靶向蓄积的特性。因此,为了提高其辐射防护效果,降低其对正常组织和器官的毒副作用,迫切需要开发具有较高骨组织靶向性能的新型辐射防护剂。文献调研表明对于非骨靶向蓄积的药物,可通过引入骨靶向配体(双膦酸结构)来达到骨靶向蓄积的目的。基于此,在七甲川花菁小分子中引入骨靶向功能配体,有望实现其骨靶向蓄积性能。同时,该类小分子化合物的辐射防护特性将在预防辐射诱导的骨丢失中具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物及其合成方法,本发明在七甲川花菁类小分子的共轭母体结构中引入具有骨靶向特性的双磷酸结构,构建了一种高选择性识别骨组织、近红外荧光成像的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物。所述七甲川花菁类化合物对辐射诱导的骨丢失具有良好的防治功能,对预防辐射损伤具有重大意义。所述化合物的制备方法简单,还有成本低的优点。
实现本发明的技术方案:
一种含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物,其结构如下:
上述的含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物的制备方法,有以下步骤:
1)35-45℃下,原料IR-783用有机溶剂1溶解后,搅拌下加入3-巯基丙酸,反应结束后,经过减压浓缩、柱分离纯化后,获得目标化合物含羧基官能团的IR-3Q;
2)室温下,将步骤1)所得含羧基官能团的IR-3Q化合物溶解在有机溶剂2中,并加入缩合剂及活化剂,反应,反应液经抽滤、减压浓缩及干燥,得到活化的中间体化合物IR-3Q;
3)将阿伦磷酸钠用缓冲溶液溶解得溶液a;室温下用乙腈将步骤2)制得的中间体化合物IR-3Q复溶,得溶液b,搅拌下将溶液b分批加入溶液a中,继续搅拌2h,得到含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物粗品,经制备液相色谱分离纯化,得纯品IR-ALN。
步骤1)中所述有机溶剂1为甲苯、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)的任意一种,优选为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;
步骤2)中所述有机溶剂2为二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二乙醇胺(DEA)、水的任意一种或几种组合的混合溶剂;优选为二氯甲烷。
步骤2)中所述缩合剂为二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)的任意一种;
所述活化剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)、1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)的任意一种。
步骤3)中所述分批加入为分三批(次),每批间隔2h。
步骤3)中所述缓冲溶液为磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.2)、硼酸缓冲液(pH=8.5)、HEPES缓冲液(pH=8.2)的任意一种,优选地,为硼酸缓冲液(pH=8.5);
上述的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物在制备预防辐射诱导骨丢失的防护剂中的应用。
上述的含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物在制备用于骨组织近红外成像的制剂的应用。
申请人实验表明:本发明所述七甲川花菁类小分子化合物,其最大吸收(λmax=776nm)和发射波长(λmax=807)在近红外区(700-900nm),如图3所示,在此波长范围内生物组织自发荧光较弱。
本发明在七甲川花菁小分子中引入骨靶向功能配体,所述小分子化合物具有骨靶向蓄积和骨组织近红外荧光成像的性能,作为一种骨丢失防护剂,用于预防辐射导致的骨丢失。
本发明制备得到的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物具有骨靶向蓄积的特性,同时具有骨组织近红外荧光成像能力,申请人实验表明:本发明制得的七甲川花菁小分子具有骨靶向蓄积的特性,主要分布于椎骨,下肢长骨和下肢膝关节;组织脏器成像显示其主要蓄积在肝脏,肾脏也有部分蓄积。
本发明制得的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物具有良好的辐射防护效应,申请人实验表明:辐照会导致小鼠松质骨骨小梁骨质明显丢失数量明显减少,骨小梁间隙增加,用本发明制备得到的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物处理后,其松质骨骨小梁骨质丢失结构情况得到改善。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
附图说明
图1:IR-3Q的核磁氢谱图(1H NMR)。
图2:IR-ALN的高分辨率质谱图(HRMS)。
图3:IR-ALN水溶液中的吸收及荧光谱图。
图4:IR-ALN的主要脏器及骨组织近红外荧光成像;其中,A为小鼠尾静脉注射IR-ALN 24h后,脏器分布,脏器顺序(自上而下、从左到右)分别为:心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺、肾脏、小肠和膀胱。
骨组织(B:仰位;C:俯位)及离体股骨胫骨(D)近红外荧光成像情况。
图5:IR-ALN对小鼠大腿股骨的骨丢失的影响,其中,上排:股骨远端剖视图;下排:股骨远端松质骨和皮质骨的3D重建图。
具体实施方式
本实施例采用的试剂均为市售的化学纯试剂。
本实施例中采用的仪器和设备:
所有反应均以薄层层析跟踪,使用烟台市芝罘黄务硅胶开发试验厂所生产的高效薄层层析硅胶板(型号CF-254),磷钼酸、碘化铋钾、溴甲酚绿或硫酸显色。
柱层析用烟台市芝罘黄务硅胶开发试验厂生产的层析硅胶,层析用有机溶剂均为分析纯。
质谱图由高分辨率质谱仪(Waters,Xevo G2-S QTOF)测定;
吸收光谱图由UV-VIS-NIR光谱仪(日本岛津市的UV-3600扫描分光光度计)测定;
荧光光谱图由近红外荧光光谱仪(Thermo Fisher,美国)测定,使用Gallardo专业成像系统进行近红外荧光成像。
实施例1中间体化合物(IR-3Q)的合成
向25mL的圆底反应瓶中原料IR-783(982.9mg),并用12mL的无水DMF溶解。在搅拌下加入3-巯基丙酸(206.7mg),完毕后加热升温至40℃,继续搅拌反应,薄层色谱监测反应。当薄层色谱显示IR-783无剩余后,即停止加热,并自然冷却至室温。经减压蒸馏除去反应溶液中的溶剂得暗红色粘稠物,经硅胶柱层析纯化的墨绿色固体。
IR-3Q:1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d):δ8.68,8.66,7.59,7.58,7.42,7.41,7.40,7.40,7.39,7.38,7.37,7.37,7.25,7.25,7.24,7.23,7.22,7.22,6.31,6.29,5.73,4.16,4.15,4.14,3.35,3.34,3.33,3.31,3.05,3.03,3.02,3.01,2.97,2.95,2.94,2.86,2.70,2.63,2.62,2.61,2.51,2.50,2.50,2.49,2.48,2.47,2.47,2.47,2.47,1.81,1.80,1.79,1.76,1.75,1.74,1.73,1.66,1.17,1.15,1.14,1.07,1.06,1.05,0.95,0.94,0.92.(参见图1)。
IR-3Q:HRMS(ESI+):796.29523(M+H+)calcd exact Mass:796.29。
实施例2目标化合物IR-ALN的合成
25mL反应瓶中加入上述制备的化合物IR-3Q(150mg),并加入8mL的二氯甲烷。搅拌溶解后,加入缩合剂二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,340.4mg)及活化剂N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS,190mg)。加入完毕后,于20℃下继续搅拌反应12h,有大量白色固体生成。减压抽滤,滤液经减压浓缩后得羧基活化的中间体化合物IR-3Q,该化合物不需要进一步的纯化,即进行下一步的反应。
将阿伦磷酸钠(26mg)用4mL的硼酸缓冲液(pH=8.4)溶解得溶液a。同时,将步骤上述制得的中间体IR-3Q用无水乙腈(2mL)复溶得溶液b。在室温搅拌下,将溶液b分三批加入溶液a中(每批间隔2h)。加入完毕后,反应液继续搅拌2h即可制得目标化合物IR-ALN的粗品。该粗品经制备液相色谱分离纯化,即得含双磷酸结构的化合物IR-ALN纯品。
IR-ALN:HRMS(ESI+):1028.3002;Calcd exact Mass:1027.27(参见图2)。
实施例3 IR-ALN的光学性能测试
将IR-ALN溶于DMSO中,配制得到浓度为10mM的储备液,置于-20℃保存待用;使用前,用磷酸缓冲液(PBS,pH 7.22)稀释得终浓度为2μM的IR-ALN工作液。利用紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪(紫UV-3600扫描分光光度计,日本岛津)测试该溶液得到其吸收光谱;利用近红外荧光光谱仪(美国,Thermo Fisher),在激发波长为740nm,得到发射波长范围为750-900nm的荧光光谱(如图3所示)。
实施例4辐射诱导骨丢失实验
(1)、药物配制
将IR-ALN溶于DMSO中,配制得到浓度为10mM的储备液,置于-20℃保存待用;使用前,用磷酸缓冲液(PBS,pH 7.22)按1:20的比例稀释得到IR-ALN工作液。
(2)、动物实验
正常BLAC/c雄性小鼠随机分为空白对照组、辐照处理组和辐照加药组,各10只。其中,辐照加药组按200uL/只(0.5mg/kg)剂量,尾静脉注射IR-ALN工作液,完毕后常规进食。24h后小鼠进行x-ray照射,辐射剂量为2Gy,剂量率为1.265Gy/min。小鼠常规饲养30天后,脱颈处死,进行主要脏器及骨组织的近红外成像(如图4所示)。
此外,获取后肢股骨组织,4%多聚甲醛固定48h后,更换成70%乙醇,进行microCT扫描分析。小鼠辐照处理30天后的Micro CT图像(如图5所示)。
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1所述的含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,有以下步骤:
1)35-45℃下,原料IR-783用有机溶剂1溶解后,搅拌下加入3-巯基丙酸,反应结束后,经过减压浓缩、柱分离纯化后,获得含羧基官能团的IR-3Q;
2)将步骤1)所得含羧基官能团的IR-3Q溶解在有机溶剂2中,并加入缩合剂及活化剂,室温下磁力搅拌反应,反应完毕后,溶液经抽滤、减压浓缩及干燥,得到活化的中间体化合物IR-3Q;
3)将阿伦磷酸钠用缓冲溶液溶解得溶液a;室温下用乙腈将步骤2)制得的中间体化合物IR-3Q复溶,得溶液b,搅拌下将溶液b分批加入溶液a中,继续搅拌2h,得到含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物粗品,经制备液相色谱分离纯化,得纯品IR-ALN。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述有机溶剂1为甲苯、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)的任意一种,优选为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;
步骤2)中所述有机溶剂2为二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二乙醇胺(DEA)、水的任意一种或几种组合的混合溶剂;优选为二氯甲烷。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述缩合剂为二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)的任意一种;
所述活化剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)、1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中所述分批加入为分三批加入,每批间隔2h。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中所述缓冲溶液为磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.2)、硼酸缓冲液(pH=8.5)、HEPES缓冲液(pH=8.2)的任意一种,优选地,为硼酸缓冲液(pH=8.5)。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中所述溶剂为水、乙腈、甲醇、二氯甲烷、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的任一种。
8.权利要求1所述的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物在制备预防骨丢失防护剂中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述骨丢失为辐射诱导的骨丢失。
10.权利要求1所述的含双磷酸结构的七甲川花菁类小分子化合物在制备用于骨组织靶向近红外成像制剂的应用。
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