CN113712039A - 一种二氧化氯缓释材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二氧化氯缓释材料及其制备方法,其由A/B试剂组成,其中A试剂为聚乙烯醇‑马来酸酐吸水树脂作为基底,树脂内有二氧化氯稳定液,B试剂为弱酸性物质,使用时将A/B试剂混合;所述弱酸性物质为柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸中的任意一种。本发明的有益效果为:本发明所制备获得的二氧化氯缓释材料,使用绿色无毒可回收的交联剂马来酸酐以及溶剂醋酸丁酯,制备工艺流程中使用的试剂均方便回收利用,不会造成环境污染;本发明制备的吸水树脂在弱酸性环境下也可稳定存放,且对其吸液性能影响不大,可用于吸收缓释液,加入适量活化液即可缓释产生二氧化氯。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种一种二氧化氯缓释材料及其制备方法,具体涉及一种二氧化氯缓释聚乙烯醇吸水树脂材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚乙烯醇是具有一定水溶性的高分子聚合物,其化学结构式较为简单,只有羟基作为主链上的侧基,常温下一般为白色固体颗粒或粉末。聚乙烯醇简单的化学结构使其可与多种交联剂比如醛类交联剂、酸酐交联剂的作用下发生交联反应形成常温下形成不溶于水交联网状结构。并且聚乙烯醇几乎不存在生物毒性,在生物医药、农业灌溉、食品保鲜等领域得到了广泛的应用。随着近些年环保理念的不断普及,追求绿色环保的制造工艺和产品俨然是材料制造与发展的大势所趋,但由于聚乙烯醇自身亲水性很好,难以吸收大量的水分,交联反应中常用的交联剂和溶剂普遍具有一定的生物毒性,因此需要对聚乙烯醇吸水树脂的制备工艺中交联剂和溶剂进行择优和改进。
二氧化氯是一种具有强氧化性的气体,但在浓度的安全范围内,其具有消毒效果显著、适用范围广、安全且无刺激性等优良品质,大量研究数据表明,二氧化氯浓度在0.1ppm左右即有显著的灭菌效果,同时浓度在100ppm以内的二氧化氯对人体不存在影响。因此在作为工业用氧化剂、漂白剂的同时,二氧化氯也被广泛地用于纸张、食品、饮用水等生活用品消毒。但二氧化氯存在遇光分解,储存运输较为困难等问题,这些因素限制了二氧化氯的应用,以及随着人们逐步提高对于生活用品的安全要求,制备安全浓度范围内缓释二氧化氯制剂成为了从业人员研究热门方向。
中国专利202010267413.1公开了一种固载二氧化氯缓释凝胶的制备方法。使用NaY分子筛固载活化剂柠檬酸,使用亚氯酸钠和聚丙烯酸钠树脂制备缓释凝胶。聚丙烯酸钠树脂虽然价格低廉,但这种离子型吸水树脂针对二氧化氯这种酸性环境下,却容易分解,导致网络结构破坏,不便于作为长效缓释剂,而NaY分子筛成本也较高。
综上所述,目前对于二氧化氯缓释树脂的制备过程仍无法做到完全绿色无毒,仍然很难达到长效缓释,因此仍需要优化缓释剂的制备技术和工艺操作流程。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:针对现有的二氧化氯缓释树脂存在的不足,本发明提供了一种绿色无毒的二氧化氯缓释树脂材料及制备方法,以聚乙烯醇和马来酸酐为原料,使用醋酸丁酯作为溶剂,采用悬浮聚合法制备得到聚乙烯醇-马来酸酐吸水树脂,并将制备的树脂和缓释液混合制备成二氧化氯气体缓释凝胶,加入弱酸作为活化剂便可缓释二氧化氯。
本发明提供的一种二氧化氯缓释材料,其由A/B试剂组成,其中A试剂为聚乙烯醇-马来酸酐吸水树脂作为基底,树脂内有二氧化氯稳定液,B试剂为弱酸性物质,使用时将A/B试剂混合。
优选的,所述弱酸性物质为柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸中的任意一种。
一种二氧化氯缓释材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇加入到反应釜中,向其中加入交联剂和有机溶剂,在室温下搅拌分散均匀,加热至85~95℃,恒温反应2~3h;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的聚乙烯醇交联聚合物粉末取出,使用乙醇溶液洗涤一次,再放置于盛有乙醇-氢氧化钠溶液的烧杯中,在搅拌条件下皂化反应10~60min,所述乙醇-氢氧化钠溶液质量分数为5%;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的聚乙烯醇交联聚合物经乙醇溶液洗涤后,在40~50℃的条件下烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的吸水树脂放置于烧杯内,吸取亚氯酸盐溶液后转移至缓释装置中,向缓释装置中加入活化剂。
优选的,聚乙烯醇和交联剂的质量比为0.3-0.45: 0.55-0.7
优选的,聚乙烯醇的聚合度在500-2400之间,醇解度为50%-100%之间。
优选的,交联剂为马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐型有机二酸酐或戊二醛或乙二醛型有机二醛中的任意一种。
优选的,所述有机溶剂为醋酸丁酯、醋酸乙酯、甲苯或丙酮中的任意一种。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明所制备获得的二氧化氯缓释材料,使用绿色无毒可回收的交联剂马来酸酐以及溶剂醋酸丁酯,制备工艺流程中使用的试剂均方便回收利用,不会造成环境污染。
(2)本发明制备的吸水树脂在弱酸性环境下也可稳定存放,且对其吸液性能影响不大,可用于吸收缓释液,加入适量活化液即可缓释产生二氧化氯。
(3)所使用的试剂成本低廉,实验操作简单便利,易于工业生产。
(4)本发明制备的吸水树脂,在与缓释液和活化剂充分混合后,在室温阴凉处静置缓释时长可达3-8周,缓释浓度曲线稳定,生产的二氧化氯气体浓度位于安全范围之内,不会对人体产生影响,缓释曲线如附图2所示,可知缓释30天后,二氧化氯仍在有效浓度范围之内。
(5)这种非离子型的吸水树脂在二氧化氯这种酸性环境中,不会收到H+的影响导致其结构破坏,吸水性下降,从而在二氧化氯缓释剂方面具有独到的优势。
附图说明
图1为实施例中缓释实验装置图;所示集气瓶1中固体为吸取缓释液后的吸水树脂,集气瓶2中为液体碘化钾溶液;
图2为实施例一至四的缓释效果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实验例的方式对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不因此局限于下述实验例,而是由本发明的说明书和权利要求书限定。
实施例一
第一步:吸水树脂的制备
量取醋酸丁酯40ml,加入到100ml圆底烧瓶中,按照质量比1:1.5分别称取4g聚乙烯醇和6g马来酸酐固体,向圆底烧瓶中加入聚乙烯醇并搅拌均匀,再向圆底烧瓶中加入马来酸酐,搅拌溶解后在油浴锅内升温至85℃,恒温搅拌反应2.5h。称量5g氢氧化钠和35g无水乙醇,将氢氧化钠和无水乙醇转移到烧杯中搅拌溶解备用。
将恒温反应所得的聚合物转移到干净的烧杯中,加入10ml无水乙醇洗涤。将洗涤后的固体转移到上述盛有氢氧化钠-乙醇溶液的烧杯中,在匀速搅拌条件下皂化30min,然后用20ml无水乙醇再次洗涤,将洗涤后的产物放置在蒸发皿中,在60℃恒温烘箱中干燥6h
第二步:缓释材料的制备
称量2g制备所得的聚乙烯醇吸水树脂放置于烧杯中,量取8ml质量分数5%的亚氯酸钠溶液并加入至烧杯中,待吸水树脂吸收亚氯酸钠溶液完毕后,转移到集气瓶1中。量取4ml浓度为0.01mol/L的酒石酸溶液,加入到集气瓶1中,并盖紧橡胶塞。
实施例二
第一步:吸水树脂的制备
量取甲苯40ml,加入到100ml圆底烧瓶中,按照质量比1:2分别称取4g聚乙烯醇和8g马来酸酐固体,向圆底烧瓶中加入聚乙烯醇并搅拌均匀,将马来酸酐固体溶于丙酮,完全溶解后加入至圆底烧瓶中,搅拌溶解后在油浴锅内升温至85℃,恒温搅拌反应2h。称量5g氢氧化钠和35g无水乙醇,将氢氧化钠和无水乙醇转移到烧杯中搅拌溶解备用。
将恒温反应所得的聚合物转移到干净的烧杯中,加入10ml无水乙醇洗涤。将洗涤后的固体转移到上述盛有氢氧化钠-乙醇溶液的烧杯中,在匀速搅拌条件下皂化30min,然后用20ml无水乙醇再次洗涤,将洗涤后的产物放置在蒸发皿中,在60℃恒温烘箱中干燥6h
第二步:缓释材料的制备
称量2g制备所得的聚乙烯醇吸水树脂放置于烧杯中,量取8ml质量分数5%的亚氯酸钠溶液并加入至烧杯中,待吸水树脂吸收亚氯酸钠溶液完毕后,转移到集气瓶1中。量取4ml浓度为0.01mol/L的柠檬酸溶液,加入到集气瓶1中,并盖紧橡胶塞。
实施例三
第一步:吸水树脂的制备
量取乙醇40ml,加入到100ml圆底烧瓶中,按照质量比1:1.5分别称取4g聚乙烯醇和0.1g戊二醛溶液,向圆底烧瓶中加入聚乙烯醇并搅拌均匀,再向圆底烧瓶中加入戊二醛溶液,搅拌溶解后在油浴锅内升温至70℃,恒温搅拌反应2.5h。称量5g氢氧化钠和35g无水乙醇,将氢氧化钠和无水乙醇转移到烧杯中搅拌溶解备用。
将恒温反应所得的聚合物转移到干净的烧杯中,加入10ml无水乙醇洗涤。将洗涤后的固体转移到上述盛有氢氧化钠-乙醇溶液的烧杯中,在匀速搅拌条件下皂化30min,然后用20ml无水乙醇再次洗涤,将洗涤后的产物放置在蒸发皿中,在60℃恒温烘箱中干燥6h
第二步:缓释材料的制备
称量2g制备所得的聚乙烯醇吸水树脂放置于烧杯中,量取8ml质量分数5%的亚氯酸钠溶液并加入至烧杯中,待吸水树脂吸收亚氯酸钠溶液完毕后,转移到集气瓶1中。量取4ml浓度为0.01mol/L的乳酸溶液,加入到集气瓶1中,并盖紧橡胶塞。
实施例四
第一步:吸水树脂的制备
量取醋酸乙酯40ml,加入到100ml圆底烧瓶中,按照质量比1:1.5分别称取4g聚乙烯醇和6g马来酸酐固体,向圆底烧瓶中加入聚乙烯醇并搅拌均匀,再向圆底烧瓶中加入马来酸酐,搅拌溶解后在油浴锅内升温至70℃,恒温搅拌反应2.5h。称量5g氢氧化钠和35g无水乙醇,将氢氧化钠和无水乙醇转移到烧杯中搅拌溶解备用。
将恒温反应所得的聚合物转移到干净的烧杯中,加入10ml无水乙醇洗涤。将洗涤后的固体转移到上述盛有氢氧化钠-乙醇溶液的烧杯中,在匀速搅拌条件下皂化60min,然后用20ml无水乙醇再次洗涤,将洗涤后的产物放置在蒸发皿中,在60℃恒温烘箱中干燥6h
第二步:缓释材料的制备
称量2g制备所得的聚乙烯醇吸水树脂放置于烧杯中,量取8ml质量分数5%的亚氯酸镁溶液并加入至烧杯中,待吸水树脂吸收亚氯酸镁溶液完毕后,转移到集气瓶1中。量取4ml浓度为0.01mol/L的苹果酸溶液,加入到集气瓶1中,并盖紧橡胶塞。
Claims (7)
1.一种二氧化氯缓释材料,其特征在于,其由A/B试剂组成,其中A试剂为聚乙烯醇-马来酸酐吸水树脂作为基底,树脂内有二氧化氯稳定液,B试剂为弱酸性物质,使用时将A/B试剂混合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化氯缓释材料,其特征在于,所述弱酸性物质为柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸中的任意一种。
3.一种二氧化氯缓释材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇加入到反应釜中,向其中加入交联剂和有机溶剂,在室温下搅拌分散均匀,加热至85~95℃,恒温反应2~3h;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的聚乙烯醇交联聚合物粉末取出,使用乙醇溶液洗涤一次,再放置于盛有乙醇-氢氧化钠溶液的烧杯中,在搅拌条件下皂化反应10~60min,所述乙醇-氢氧化钠溶液质量分数为5%;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的聚乙烯醇交联聚合物经乙醇溶液洗涤后,在40~50℃的条件下烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的吸水树脂放置于烧杯内,吸取亚氯酸盐溶液后转移至缓释装置中,向缓释装置中加入活化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种二氧化氯缓释材料的制备方法,其特征在于,聚乙烯醇和交联剂的质量比为0.3-0.45: 0.55-0.7。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种二氧化氯缓释材料的制备方法,其特征在于,聚乙烯醇的聚合度在500-2400之间,醇解度为50%-100%之间。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种二氧化氯缓释材料的制备方法,其特征在于,交联剂为马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐型有机二酸酐或戊二醛或乙二醛型有机二醛中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种二氧化氯缓释材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为醋酸丁酯、醋酸乙酯、甲苯或丙酮中的任意一种。
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