CN113679022A - 一种小黄鱼风味料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,将新鲜的小黄鱼下脚料蒸煮后绞碎,得到小黄鱼下脚料的浆料;将浆料与水混合,加入木瓜蛋白酶酶解,然后离心,得到小黄鱼下脚料的酶解液;在酶解液中加入脱腥剂,水浴条件下脱腥处理,即得小黄鱼风味料的基料;在基料中加入调味料,对其风味进行调配,灭菌,即得到小黄鱼风味料成品。使用本发明得到的小黄鱼风味料既含有丰富的营养成分,又具有小黄鱼独特的清香、鲜美风味,无腥臭味,呈澄清透亮的棕黄色。本发明大大缩短了加工时间,节约了成本;同时本发明得到的小黄鱼风味料含盐量低,符合现代人追求健康低盐的饮食理念。本发明产品的生产设备简单、生产周期短、生产成本低、易于实现工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,属于食品加工技术领域。
背景技术
海鲜风味料是以低值鱼虾或水产品加工下脚料为原料,利用水产品自身所含的蛋白酶或添加其它酶或微生物,将原料中的蛋白质和脂肪等大分子营养成分分解成的氨基酸或小肽及脂肪酸等小分子,从而使其具有鲜香风味。调料海鲜风味料的历史非常悠久,主要产地是我国的广东、福建,以及泰国、日本、菲律宾等东南亚国家,其味道鲜美、营养丰富,除含有丰富的必需氨基酸外,还含有钙、碘等多种人体必需的矿物质和维生素。
近年来,国内市场对鱼类产品多样化需求增加,也加速了我国鱼类加工业的发展。鱼类加工过程中常常会产生大量包括鱼头、鱼骨、鱼鳞和内脏等在内的鱼加工下脚料,约占鱼体的40-55%。这些下脚料中除含有大量蛋白质等营养成分外,还含有多种生物活性物质。目前大多数企业只是将这些鱼类下脚料加工成饲料鱼粉,或者直接作为废物丢弃到环境中,不仅造成资源的极大浪费,还导致了海洋和陆地环境的严重污染。
鱼本身水分含量较高,同时鱼体内组织酶很活跃,故下脚料难于储藏,并且带有浓重腥味。因此,鱼类下脚料加工难度大、成本高、利润低。目前,现有的鱼类下脚料加工业还处于起步阶段,存在加工粗糙、技术含量低、卫生安全性不高等突出问题。随着我国水产养殖业和水产品加工业的迅速发展,低值鱼及其下脚料的深加工开发利用显得越来越必要和急迫。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:如何利用小黄鱼下脚料,提供一种小黄鱼风味料的制备方法。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将新鲜的小黄鱼下脚料蒸煮后绞碎,得到小黄鱼下脚料的浆料;
步骤2:将步骤1得到的小黄鱼下脚料的浆料与水混合,加入木瓜蛋白酶酶解,然后离心,得到小黄鱼下脚料的酶解液;
步骤3:在步骤2所得的小黄鱼下脚料的酶解液中加入脱腥剂,水浴条件下脱腥处理,即得小黄鱼风味料的基料;
步骤4:在步骤3所得的小黄鱼风味料的基料中加入调味料,对其风味进行调配,即得小黄鱼风味料的半成品;
步骤5:将步骤4所得的小黄鱼风味料的半成品灭菌,即得到小黄鱼风味料成品。
优选地,所述步骤1中蒸煮采用功率2000W的微波炉进行蒸煮5-20min。
优选地,所述步骤2中小黄鱼下脚料的浆料与水的比例为1g:1-9mL;木瓜蛋白酶的加入量浆料与水质量之和的1-5%;酶解的温度为45-65℃,时间为2-10h;离心的温度为4℃,转速为5000rmp,时间为15min。
优选地,所述木瓜蛋白酶的活性为100000U/g。
更优选地,小黄鱼下脚料的浆料与水的比例为1g:1mL;木瓜蛋白酶的加入量浆料与水质量之和的2%;酶解的时间为4h。
优选地,所述步骤3中脱腥剂为酵母抽提物,加入量为0.2-2.5g/dL;脱腥处理的温度为40℃,时间为1h。
更优选地,所述步骤3中脱腥剂的加入量为1g/dL。
优选地,所述步骤4中的调味料包括的食盐1g/dL、蔗糖1g/dL及生抽3g/dL。
优选地,所述步骤5中灭菌在水浴条件下进行,温度为60-90℃,时间为5-20min。
更优选地,所述灭菌的温度为85℃,时间为15min。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明采用蒸煮、绞碎、加水酶解、离心、脱腥、调味和灭菌等工艺制备小黄鱼风味料,产品低盐、营养丰富、具有小黄鱼独特的清香鲜美风味,且生产设备简单、成本低、生产周期短,易于实现工业化生产。
本发明以小黄鱼下脚料为原料,利用酶法制备小黄鱼风味料,本发明工艺简单、参数明确、生产周期短。使用本发明得到的小黄鱼风味料既含有丰富的营养成分,又具有小黄鱼独特的清香、鲜美风味,无腥臭味,呈澄清透亮的棕黄色。与传统加盐发酵制备的海鲜风味料相比,本发明大大缩短了加工时间,节约了成本;同时本发明得到的小黄鱼风味料含盐量低,符合现代人追求健康低盐的饮食理念。本发明产品的生产设备简单、生产周期短、生产成本低、易于实现工业化生产,而且解决了目前鱼类下脚料深加工面临加工难度大、成本高、利润低、加工技术含量低、卫生安全性不高等一系列问题。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂,兹以优选实施例,作详细说明如下。
各实施例中所用的原料均为市售产品。所用原料如表1所示。
表1
品名 | 厂家 | 等级 |
小黄鱼 | 象山市天正实业有限公司。 | 食品级 |
木瓜蛋白酶(100000U/g) | 邢台万达生物工程有限公司 | 食品级 |
酵母抽提物 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | 食品级 |
食盐 | 江苏省盐业集团有限责任公司 | 食品级 |
蔗糖 | 河南万邦实业有限公司 | 食品级 |
生抽 | 佛山市海天调味食品有限公司 | 食品级 |
各实施例中的试验测试方法如下:
1、氨基酸态氮测定
参考GB/T 5009.235-2016食品安全国家标准食品中氨基酸态氮的测定:比色法。
水解度测定
N1-水解物中氨基酸态氮含量(g/mL);
N2-水解前溶液中氨基酸态氮含量(g/mL);
N0-原料中总的含氮量(g/mL)。
表1正交试验因素水平安排
表2正交试验实验结果
表3小黄鱼风味料质量评价标准表
实施例1
一种小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将新鲜的小黄鱼下脚料在微波炉功率2000W下蒸煮15min后绞碎,得到小黄鱼下脚料的浆料;
(2)调整步骤(1)中所得到的小黄鱼下脚料浆料与水的比例为1g:1mL,加入2%(酶与底物质量比)的木瓜蛋白酶,在65℃下酶解4h;然后在4℃、5000rmp下离心15min,上清液即为得到的小黄鱼下脚料酶解液;
(3)在步骤(2)中所得到小黄鱼下脚料酶解液中加入g/100mL)的酵母抽提物在40℃水浴下处理1h进行脱腥,即得小黄鱼风味料的基料;
(4)在步骤(3)中所得到的小黄鱼风味料基料中加入1g/dL的食盐、1g/dL的蔗糖和3g/dL的生抽进行调味,即得小黄鱼风味料半成品;
(5)将步骤(4)中所得到的小黄鱼风味料半成品在85℃水浴下灭菌20min,即得到小黄鱼风味料成品。
此调配方案所得小黄鱼风味料:小黄鱼独特的清香、鲜美风味,无腥臭味,呈澄清透亮的棕黄色;产品的氨基酸态氮含量为0.176g/100mL,水解度为45.2%。感官评分为92分。
实施例2
一种小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将新鲜的小黄鱼下脚料在微波炉功率2000W下蒸煮15min后绞碎,得到小黄鱼下脚料的浆料;
(2)调整步骤(1)中所得到的得到小黄鱼下脚料的浆料以与水的比例为1g:1mL加水搅拌,加入0.5%(酶与底物质量比)的木瓜蛋白酶,在65℃下酶解2h;然后在4℃、5000rmp下离心15min,上清液即为得到的小黄鱼下脚料的酶解液;
(3)在步骤(2)中所得到小黄鱼下脚料的酶解液中加入g/100mL的酵母抽提物在40℃水浴下处理1h进行脱腥,即得小黄鱼风味料的基料;
(4)在步骤(3)中所得的小黄鱼风味料的基料中加入1g/dL的食盐、1g/dL的蔗糖和3g/dL的生抽进行调味,即得小黄鱼风味料半成品;
(5)将步骤(4)中所得到的小黄鱼风味料半成品在85℃下水浴灭菌20min,得到小黄鱼风味料成品。
此调配方案所得小黄鱼风味料具有小黄鱼独特的清香、鲜美风味,无腥臭味,呈澄清透亮的棕黄色;产品的氨基酸态氮含量为0.154g/100mL,水解度为39.5%,感官评分为87分。
实施例3
一种小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将新鲜的小黄鱼下脚料在微波炉功率2000W下蒸煮15min后绞碎,得到小黄鱼下脚料的浆料;
(2)调整步骤(1)中所得到的得到小黄鱼下脚料的浆料以与水的比例为1g:1mL加水搅拌,加入3.5%(酶与底物质量比)的木瓜蛋白酶,在65℃下酶解6h;然后在4℃、5000rmp下离心15min,上清液即为得到的小黄鱼下脚料酶解液;
(3)在步骤(2)中所得到小黄鱼风味料酶解液中加入1g/dL的酵母抽提物在40℃水浴下处理1h进行脱腥;
(4)在步骤(3)中所得到脱腥后的小黄鱼风味料中加入1g/dL的食盐、1g/dL的蔗糖和3g/dL的生抽进行调味;
(5)将步骤(4)中所得到的小黄鱼风味料在85℃水浴下灭酶20min,得到小黄鱼风味料成品。
此调配方案所得小黄鱼风味料具有小黄鱼独特的清香、鲜美风味,无腥臭味,呈澄清透亮的棕黄色,氨基酸态氮含量为0.165g/100mL,水解度为42.3%,感官评分为84分。
Claims (10)
1.一种小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将新鲜的小黄鱼下脚料蒸煮后绞碎,得到小黄鱼下脚料的浆料;
步骤2:将步骤1得到的小黄鱼下脚料的浆料与水混合,加入木瓜蛋白酶酶解,然后离心,得到小黄鱼下脚料的酶解液;
步骤3:在步骤2所得的小黄鱼下脚料的酶解液中加入脱腥剂,水浴条件下脱腥处理,即得小黄鱼风味料的基料;
步骤4:在步骤3所得的小黄鱼风味料的基料中加入调味料,对其风味进行调配,即得小黄鱼风味料的半成品;
步骤5:将步骤4所得的小黄鱼风味料的半成品灭菌,即得到小黄鱼风味料成品。
2.如权利要求1所述的小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中蒸煮采用功率2000W的微波炉进行蒸煮5-20min。
3.如权利要求1所述的小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中小黄鱼下脚料的浆料与水的比例为1g:1-9mL;木瓜蛋白酶的加入量浆料与水质量之和的1-5%;酶解的温度为45-65℃,时间为2-10h;离心的温度为4℃,转速为5000rmp,时间为15min。
4.如权利要求1或3所述的小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述木瓜蛋白酶的活性为100000U/g。
5.如权利要求3所述的小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,其特征在于,小黄鱼下脚料的浆料与水的比例为1g:1mL;木瓜蛋白酶的加入量浆料与水质量之和的2%;酶解的时间为4h。
6.如权利要求1所述的小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中脱腥剂为酵母抽提物,加入量为0.2-2.5g/dL;脱腥处理的温度为40℃,时间为1h。
7.如权利要求6所述的小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中脱腥剂的加入量为1g/dL。
8.如权利要求1所述的小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中的调味料包括的食盐1g/dL、蔗糖1g/dL及生抽3g/dL。
9.如权利要求1所述的小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤5中灭菌在水浴条件下进行,温度为60-90℃,时间为5-20min。
10.如权利要求9所述的小黄鱼风味料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述灭菌的温度为85℃,时间为15min。
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CN102308971A (zh) * | 2011-08-02 | 2012-01-11 | 福建农林大学 | 一种蒸煮酶解法制备鳗鱼调味汁的方法 |
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CN108419981A (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-08-21 | 浙江万里学院 | 一种黄鱼脱腥剂及其制备和使用方法 |
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JP2016019506A (ja) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-02-04 | ヤマモリ株式会社 | 魚醤の製造方法 |
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