CN113633782A - 去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒、制备及应用 - Google Patents
去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒、制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒(harmin NPs)、制备及其在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用,属于抗肿瘤药物技术领域。本发明首次发现去氢骆驼蓬碱具有高效的声动力效应,并采用超声法成功制备了去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒。此方法操作简单、步骤少、重复性好,制备的纳米颗粒解决了去氢骆驼蓬碱的水溶性问题,并且进一步提高了其肿瘤靶向性,对肿瘤细胞具有显著的杀伤力的作用。本发明还公开了包含去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的药物组合物、声敏剂以及声敏剂递药系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗肿瘤药物技术领域,尤其涉及一种去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒、制备方法及应用。
背景技术
癌症是威胁人类健康的一大杀手,随着恶性肿瘤的发病率逐年升高,癌症已经成为我国人群死亡的首要因素。目前临床治疗恶性肿瘤的方法主要还是传统的手术切除、化疗和放疗。随着科技的发展也有很多新型的治疗方法被开发出来,比如生物疗法、免疫疗法、光动力疗法和声动力疗法等。但是,恶性肿瘤的发生发展复杂且常呈浸润性生长,手术往往难以精确切除干净,且创伤大给病人身体带来严重的痛苦。而目前化疗和放射治疗虽然能把肿瘤组织杀死但是对正常组织也产生了强烈的损伤,造成严重的副反应,使得人体异常虚弱且无法阻止肿瘤复发和转移。因此,发展一种低创或者无创、高效低毒的精准的癌症治疗新手段对抗恶性肿瘤,避免化疗药物的副反应,增强肿瘤抑制效果,是近年来肿瘤治疗研究领域的热点。
声动力疗法是一种新的肿瘤治疗方法,主要是依赖超声波激发声敏剂使氧气变为具有细胞毒性的活性氧簇(ROS),从而杀死肿瘤细胞抑制肿瘤组织的发展。超声波具有强的组织穿透性,通常可以穿透至少10cm的组织,因此把超声探头聚焦于肿瘤部位,在体外激发深层组织中的声敏剂去抑制肿瘤生长,使非侵入和时空可控成为肿瘤治疗的一种方式。
声动力疗法的三要素是超声波、声敏剂和氧气,其中,声敏剂是声动力疗法的关键因素之一。目前研究的声敏剂主要由光敏剂发展而来,不可避免的存在光敏剂光漂白性和声动力效果不佳的缺点。因此,探索新的高效、稳定的声敏剂在声动力治疗的研究中具有重大的意义。从大量的研究中发现,中药单体在抗肿瘤治疗中发挥了重要的作用。目前,已有97种中药制剂获美国FDA批准,比如:哮喘药物的麻黄素;疟疾的一线药物青蒿素等都是来源于中药。而姜黄素、叶绿素衍生物和黄连素等中药提取物已经被文献报道具有良好的声敏活性,是潜在的声敏剂,因此,中药中的有效成分作为声敏剂为声动力疗法提供了一个新的思路。
近年来,以纳米载药系统为核心的靶向药物参与了众多的在肿瘤治疗的研究。纳米技术可改善难溶性药物的水溶解性,从而有效提高给药的剂量;可以改善小分子的肿瘤靶向性不佳,通过控制尺寸实现肿瘤被动靶向,有效增加肿瘤组织中的药物浓度;而被纳米材料包载的小分子在体内长循环中和血液接触的机会变少了,能显著提高其在血液循环中的半衰期。人血清白蛋白来源于人的血浆,具有较高的生物利用度和生物相容性。目前,已有紫杉醇白蛋白纳米颗粒于2005年1月获得美国FDA的批准上市,这体现了人血清白蛋白作为载体的临床应用价值和潜力。因此,人血清白蛋白纳米载药系统近年来受到广泛关注,成为药物递送系统的研究热点。因此,纳米药物在靶向抗肿瘤研究具有优异的应用前景。
传统声敏剂主要由光敏剂发展而来,因此除了包含了光敏剂的水溶性差、靶向差、光漂白和生物相容性差等问题外,其声动力性能并没有表现得很优异,因此决定了声动力治疗在抗肿瘤治疗领域中发展的艰难。目前,纳米声敏剂的开发主要针对声敏剂的靶向性或者改善肿瘤微环境的改进,这注定了声动力性能无法达到有效的提升。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明目的是提供一种可作为声敏剂的去氢骆驼蓬白蛋白纳米颗粒、制备及应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:
在本发明的技术方案中,所述去氢骆驼蓬碱(Harmine)具有式(I)所示结构:
本发明第一方面提供一种去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒,由白蛋白作为载体包裹去氢骆驼蓬碱,所述去氢骆驼蓬碱与所述白蛋白共价结合。
在本发明的技术方案中,所述白蛋白来源于哺乳动物,优选为人血清白蛋白。
本发明第二方面提供上述去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
①称取去氢骆驼蓬碱溶解在有机溶剂中;
②称取白蛋白于H2O中,轻摇至全溶;
③将步骤①所得的溶液加入到步骤②得到的白蛋白溶液中;
④超声去除有机溶剂,同时得到纳米复合体系;
⑤向步骤④得到的纳米复合体系加入碳酸钠溶液,经超声清洗波中超声处理后得到纳米颗粒水溶液;
⑥超滤和/或透析去除纳米体系中游离小分子;
⑦过滤膜过滤后,即得去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒。
具体地,步骤①中,所述有机溶剂为甲醇与氯仿体积比1:3-6的混合溶剂。
具体地,步骤①中,所述去氢骆驼蓬碱在所述有机溶剂中的浓度为0.5-2mg/mL。
具体地,步骤②中,所述白蛋白在水中的浓度为20-40mg/mL。
具体地,步骤④中,所述超声为间歇式超声,优选为冰水浴保护下间歇超声,具体可为超声1~2s,间隔1~2s,时长5~10分钟。
具体地,步骤⑤中每2mL毫升纳米复合体系中加入0.1mol/L的碳酸钠100-200μL。
具体地,步骤⑤中,所述超声时间为5-10分钟。
具体地,步骤⑦中,所述过筛为经0.22μm的过滤膜过筛10-20次
在本发明的技术方案中,通过上述方法制备的去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒粒径为35-106nm。具体可为37nm、45nm、60nm、80nm、100nm、106nm或它们之间的任意值。
本发明第三方面提供上述去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
具体地,在制备声动力抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明第四方面提供包含去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的药物组合物,所述药物组合物为声动力抗肿瘤靶向药物。
本发明第五方面提供一种声敏剂,所述声敏剂包含上述去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒。
本发明第六方面提供一种包含上述去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的声敏剂递药系统,所述递药系统通过人血清白蛋白的营养靶向以及淋巴回流的滞留性(EPR效应)使所述声敏剂滞留于肿瘤组织。
上述技术方案具有如下优点或者有益效果:
本发明首次发现去氢骆驼蓬碱的声动力效应,并提供一种具有高效肿瘤靶向性的纳米声敏剂去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒。其在超声激发下具有显著的杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用,可作为新型的纳米声敏剂应用于声动力抗肿瘤治疗中。本发明的优势在于去氢骆驼蓬碱作为中药单体和白蛋白纳米颗粒均具有良好的生物相容性。且去氢骆驼蓬碱为平面大分子结构,具有特殊的光电性能,在光、声动力条件下具有杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用,而白蛋白则具有营养靶向特点,赋予纳米颗粒以肿瘤靶向性,促使更多的纳米颗粒进入肿瘤中,增强去氢骆驼蓬碱对肿瘤细胞的靶向性。而且中药单体去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的合成方法与现有的相关白蛋白纳米载药体系相比更加简洁,易操作。
本发明提供的制备方法操作快速简洁,无需引入其它有机分子,不需要使用有毒性的化学连接剂,且制备出来的白蛋白纳米颗粒尺寸可控、性质稳定,改善了去氢骆驼蓬碱的水溶性差和生物相容性不佳等问题,为中药单体新型声敏剂纳米颗粒的合成及在抗肿瘤治疗的应用提供新的思路。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1中去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的合成及结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例1中去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的粒径图。
图3是本发明实施例2中去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的稳定性曲线。
图4是本发明实施例2中去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的ROS强度曲线。
图5是本发明实施例3中去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用。
具体实施方式
下述实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。因此,以下提供的本发明实施例中的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒
称取去氢骆驼蓬碱1mg溶解在200μL分析纯的氯仿和甲醇(氯仿:甲醇=3:1)混合液中;称取人血清白蛋白40mg于4mL H2O中,轻摇至全溶;将去氢骆驼蓬碱的混合溶液加入到人血清白蛋白溶液中;间歇超声破碎5分钟,去除有机溶剂,同时得到纳米体系;加入0.1mol/L的碳酸钠水溶液100μL,超声清洗波中超声5分钟,得到透明澄清纳米颗粒水溶液;超滤去除纳米体系中游离小分子;用0.22μm的过滤筛过滤后,得去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒。通过确定药物和载体的最佳比例、超声的最佳时间和通过过滤筛整粒,保证了粒径的可控性。如图2所示,本实施例中制备的纳米颗粒采用马尔文激光粒度仪检测粒径范围在37.8-105.7nm,避光保存备用。
实施例2:去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒稳定性考察
取新鲜制备的2mL含去氢骆驼蓬碱50μg/mL的去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒,分别在制备后的第1、4、7、10天用马尔文激光粒度仪检测其粒径大小,从而对去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒进行稳定性评价。结果如图3中显示,去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒粒径在1~10天内几乎无明显差别,稳定性良好。
实施例3:去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒在超声波触发活性氧簇产生检测
在2mL含去氢骆驼蓬碱50μg/mL的去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒中加入4μL 10μM2′,7′-二氯荧光素二乙酸盐(DCFH-DA)荧光探针,再加以超声(2MHz,2W)处理,检测超声不同时间产生的活性氧簇。如图4所示,超声后,去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒和去氢骆驼蓬碱产生的活性氧簇呈超声时间增加而增加,且水平相当,因此,本发明提供的去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒与去氢骆驼蓬碱具有高效的声动力效果。
实施例4:去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒在超声波激发下对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用
设置实验组(去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒+超声,harmine NPs+US):将处于对数生长期的MDA-MB-231细胞,以5×104个/孔接种于96孔板中,每孔加入1mL细胞悬液,于37℃培养箱中(含5%CO2)孵育24小时后,将纳米颗粒用培养基稀释到一定浓度后加入到细胞中,同时设置对照组:培养细胞不加药组(去氢骆驼蓬碱,harmine);无超声组(去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒,harmine NPs),继续孵育3小时后,将96孔板中需要超声处理的孔置于平面超声探头下,超声激发(2MHz,2W)2min,继续放置于培养箱中培养24小时后,加入MTT,4小时后去掉旧培养基,加入150-200μL DMSO然后放置于摇床震荡混匀15-20min,最后用多功能酶标仪检测OD(490)值,进而对肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性评价。结果如图5所示,超声激发下,去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒对肿瘤的杀伤效果明显高于对照组,因此其具有声动力抗肿瘤效果,可用于肿瘤治疗的声动力学治疗中的声敏剂。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒,其特征在于,去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒由白蛋白作为载体包裹去氢骆驼蓬碱,所述去氢骆驼蓬碱与所述白蛋白共价结合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述白蛋白来源于哺乳动物,优选为人血清白蛋白。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
①称取去氢骆驼蓬碱溶解在有机溶剂中;
②称取白蛋白于H2O中,轻摇至全溶;
③将步骤①所得的溶液加入到步骤②得到的白蛋白溶液中;
④超声去除有机溶剂,同时得到纳米复合体系;
⑤向步骤④得到的纳米复合体系加入碳酸钠溶液,经超声清洗波中超声处理后得到纳米颗粒水溶液;
⑥超滤和/或透析去除纳米体系中的游离小分子;
⑦过滤膜过滤后,即得去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤①中,所述有机溶剂为甲醇与氯仿体积比1:3-6的混合溶剂;所述去氢骆驼蓬碱在所述有机溶剂中的浓度为0.5-2mg/mL;
步骤②中,所述白蛋白在水中的浓度为20-40mg/mL;
步骤④中,所述超声为间歇式超声,优选为冰水浴保护下间歇超声;
步骤⑤中每2毫升纳米复合体系中加入0.1mol/L的碳酸钠100-200μL;所述超声时间为5-10分钟;
步骤⑦中,所述过筛为经0.22μm的过滤膜过筛10-20次。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒粒径为35-106nm。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,在制备声动力抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
8.包含权利要求1或2所述的去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物为声动力抗肿瘤靶向药物组合物。
9.一种声敏剂,其特征在于,包含权利要求1或2所述的去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒。
10.包含权利要求1或2所述的去氢骆驼蓬碱白蛋白纳米颗粒的声敏剂递药系统。
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