CN113615539A

CN113615539A - Salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation medium and cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN113615539A
Application number: CN202010375915.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡巨才; 张秀珍; 黄立家
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-05-07
Filing date: 2020-05-07
Publication date: 2021-11-09

Abstract

The invention provides a salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation medium and a cultivation method, wherein the cultivation medium comprises coconut fiber, wormcast and decomposed cow dung, so that the air permeability of the cultivation medium and the space and the nutrients required by the growth of salvia miltiorrhiza roots can be improved, and the tanshinone IIA content of the salvia miltiorrhiza roots is increased. The invention also provides a salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method, which is beneficial to the growth of the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza and the increase of the content of tanshinone IIA, is also beneficial to keeping the integrity of the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza during the collection, reduces the risk of damage to the surfaces of the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza, further reduces the influences of climate, heavy metal and plant diseases and insect pests of the traditional field soil by an off-ground cultivation method, and realizes the aim of no pesticide residue in salvia miltiorrhiza so as to ensure the health of eaters.

Description

Salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation medium and cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a culture medium and a culture method for salvia miltiorrhiza, in particular to a culture medium and a culture method capable of improving the content of tanshinone IIA (Tanshinone IIA) in salvia miltiorrhiza roots.

Background

Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia militirhiza) is a perennial herb, and the root surface of the salviae miltiorrhizae is reddish brown, so the salviae miltiorrhizae is also called red ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza and red root. In addition to being listed as the top-grade medicinal material in Shennong Ben Cao Jing, Dan Shen has long medicinal history and economic value because it is recorded in Ben Cao gang mu that it has the effects of promoting blood circulation, dredging heart and enveloping and treating hernia pain. In addition, the salvia miltiorrhiza contains a plurality of active ingredients, and the tanshinone IIA contained in the roots of the salvia miltiorrhiza is the most valuable ingredient and is an import and export standard inspection ingredient.

Because the salvia miltiorrhiza has wide curative effect and high economic benefit, the consistent thinking direction of the planting owners is to improve the planting mode so as to improve the yield of the salvia miltiorrhiza, such as: CN105359806B, CN108575633A, CN108739188A, CN109042188A, CN109122160A and CN109924090A, etc., while CN109429965A further improves yield by reducing insect pests. However, the methods shown in these patents are not only too cumbersome and difficult to standardize and implement, but also fail to effectively protect the integrity of the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza, and only focus on increasing the yield of salvia miltiorrhiza, and do not disclose whether the content of tanshinone IIA in the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza can be increased.

Although some manufacturers improve the content of tanshinone IIA in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by improving fertilizers, such as CN103288559B, they provide a biological compound bacterial fertilizer special for Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, and use Trichoderma aureoviride (Trichoderma aureoviride) with the deposit number of CGMCC No.6494 to improve the quantity and activity of beneficial microorganisms, so as to improve the physicochemical properties of soil and increase soil nutrients. However, as can be seen from the data shown in the examples, even if a special fertilizer is used, the measured content of tanshinone IIA is 0.286% at most, i.e. 2.86 mg of tanshinone IIA per gram of extract, which is only slightly higher than the threshold of at least 0.20% determined by the 2010 version of chinese pharmacopoeia and the taiwan import standard.

Moreover, the salvia miltiorrhiza bunge is planted in soil at present, so the quality of the salvia miltiorrhiza bunge can be affected by the water-containing condition of the soil and whether the soil contains heavy metals, and the salvia miltiorrhiza bunge root surface is easy to be damaged when the salvia miltiorrhiza bunge is harvested.

Therefore, a cultivation material capable of effectively increasing the yield of the salvia miltiorrhiza roots and the content of the tanshinone IIA and a standard salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method which is simple, convenient and easy to implement are still to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a novel cultivation medium which can be used for cultivating salvia miltiorrhiza and provides space and nutrients required by the growth of roots of salvia miltiorrhiza so as to improve the yield of the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza and the content of tanshinone IIA of the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating salvia miltiorrhiza, which not only has the above effects of increasing the yield of salvia miltiorrhiza and the tanshinone IIA content of salvia miltiorrhiza, but also can effectively protect the integrity of the salvia miltiorrhiza root, and has the advantages of easy standardized operation and no pesticide residue in salvia miltiorrhiza, thereby helping to maintain the health of eaters.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a culture medium for increasing the content of tanshinone IIA in salvia miltiorrhiza root, which comprises raw materials including coconut fiber, wormcast and decomposed cow dung, wherein the content of the coconut fiber is at least 40 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is at least 10 weight percent and the content of the decomposed cow dung is at least 10 weight percent based on the total weight of the raw materials.

The culture medium further comprises rice bran, and based on the total weight of the raw materials, the content of the coconut fiber is at least 45 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is at least 15 weight percent, the content of the decomposed cow dung is at least 15 weight percent, and the content of the rice bran is at least 5 weight percent.

The culture medium refers to substances such as soil, peat soil and other natural or artificial media for attaching or fixing plants and maintaining the growth and development of the plants. Preferably, the raw materials of the cultivation medium do not contain additional fertilizers or other substances in the salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation process.

Preferably, the raw materials of the culture medium for increasing the content of tanshinone IIA in the root of red-rooted salvia substantially consist of coconut fibers, earthworm cast and decomposed cow cast; preferably, the culture medium for increasing the content of tanshinone IIA in the salvia miltiorrhiza root comprises the raw materials of coconut fiber, earthworm cast and decomposed cow cast.

In the aspect where the culture medium further comprises rice bran, preferably, the raw material of the culture medium consists essentially of coir, wormcast, decomposed cow dung and rice bran; more preferably, the raw materials of the culture medium consist of coconut fiber, wormcast, decomposed cow dung and rice bran.

The average width of the coir may be 3.0 to 8.0 mm, more particularly, the average width of the coir may be 4.5 to 5.5 mm.

If the width of the coconut fibers is insufficient, the porosity of the culture medium can be reduced, and the root growth of the salvia miltiorrhiza can not be facilitated; for example, if the width of the coir is too large, the decomposition efficiency of the coir may be reduced, which is not favorable for the subsequent growth of root system of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.

The organic content of the coir may be at least 70%; more specifically, the organic content of the coconut coir is from 85% to 94%. The coir may have an air permeability of at least 20%; more specifically, the coconut coir has an air permeability of 25% to 35%.

The moisture content of the coir may be at least 15%; more specifically, the moisture content of the coconut coir is from 17% to 25%.

The pH of the coir may be at least 5.5; more specifically, the pH of the coir is from 5.6 to 5.8.

The electrical conductivity of the coir may be at least 0.50 mS/cm; more specifically, the electrical conductivity of the coconut coir is from 0.60 to 0.80 mS/cm.

Preferably, the decomposed cow dung is completely decomposed cow dung compost, the raw materials of which have no pesticide residue and/or are taken from a farm house which is not cleaned by chemical agents, and the larvae of the dung scarab can be found inhabiting the manure scarab, and whether the larvae of the dung scarab are completely decomposed can be judged according to a scarab method, an earthworm method, a reducing carbohydrate method and the like.

The longer the fermentation and decomposition treatment time of the cow dung is, the better the quality is, wherein the decomposed cow dung is subjected to fermentation and decomposition treatment of compost for at least 2 years; preferably, the decomposed cattle manure is subjected to fermentation decomposition treatment of compost for at least 4.5 years; more preferably, the decomposed cattle manure is subjected to fermentation decomposition treatment of compost for 4.5 to 5.5 years.

The earthworm cast may contain residue from raising earthworms and earthworm excretion; wherein the earthworm excrement is obtained by breeding earthworms in a mixture of rice flour, rice bran and wood chips of mushroom cultivation waste and then taking the excrement.

The wormcast comprises at least 1% of total nitrogen, at least 3% of total phosphoric anhydride, at least 1% of total potassium oxide and at least 50% of organic matter; more specifically, total nitrogen is 2% to 8%, total phosphoric anhydride is 3% to 10%, total potassium oxide is 1% to 7%, and organic matter is 50% to 80%.

The wormcast contains at least 10% of moisture; more specifically, the moisture is 10% to 20%.

In the culture medium, the content of the coir is preferably 45 to 55 weight percent based on the total weight of the raw materials; more preferably, the content of the coconut fiber is 48 to 52 weight percent.

In the culture medium, based on the total weight of the raw materials, the content of the wormcast is preferably 17 to 38 weight percent; more preferably, in one embodiment, the content of the wormcast is 18 to 22 weight percent, and in another embodiment, the content of the wormcast is 33 to 37 weight percent.

In the culture medium, the content of the decomposed cow dung is preferably 12 to 23 weight percent based on the total weight of the raw materials; more preferably, in one embodiment, the content of the decomposed cattle manure is 14 to 16 weight percent, and in another embodiment, the content of the decomposed cattle manure is 18 to 22 weight percent.

In the culture medium, based on the total weight of the raw materials, preferably, the content of the coconut fiber is at least 45 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is at least 18 weight percent, and the content of the decomposed cow dung is at least 13 weight percent; more preferably, the content of the coconut fiber is 45 to 54 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is 32 to 38 weight percent, and the content of the decomposed cow dung is 14 to 17 weight percent.

In the aspect that the culture medium further comprises rice bran, the rice bran is preferably contained in an amount of 8 to 12 wt%, based on the total weight of the raw materials; more preferably, the rice bran is present in an amount of 9 to 11 wt%.

In the culture medium, based on the total weight of the raw materials, preferably, the content of the coir is 45 to 55 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is 18 to 22 weight percent, the content of the decomposed cow dung is 18 to 22 weight percent, and the content of the rice bran is 9 to 11 weight percent.

According to the invention, the content of tanshinone IIA in the salvia miltiorrhiza root is influenced by the variety and content proportion of different raw materials contained in the culture medium.

The invention also provides a salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method for improving the tanshinone IIA content of salvia miltiorrhiza roots, which comprises the following steps: step (a 1): cultivating the salvia miltiorrhiza in a culture medium, wherein the raw materials of the culture medium comprise coconut fiber, wormcast and decomposed cow dung, and based on the total weight of the raw materials, the content of the coconut fiber is at least 40 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is at least 10 weight percent and the content of the decomposed cow dung is at least 10 weight percent.

Preferably, the content and/or type of the coconut fiber, the wormcast and the decomposed cow dung are/is the culture medium for improving the tanshinone IIA content of the salvia miltiorrhiza root.

Preferably, the raw materials of the culture medium substantially consist of coconut fiber, wormcast and decomposed cow dung; more preferably, the raw materials of the culture medium consist of coconut fiber, wormcast and decomposed cow dung.

The culture medium may be contained in a planting bag, wherein the planting bag may have a width of about 15 cm to 35 cm and a depth of about 50 cm to 80 cm; preferably, the planting bag has a width of about 20 cm to 30 cm and a depth of about 60 cm to 70 cm; preferably, the planting bag is a breathable woven bag.

Preferably, in the salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method for increasing the content of tanshinone IIA in the salvia miltiorrhiza roots, the content of the coconut fibers is at least 45 weight percent, the content of the earthworm cast is at least 18 weight percent, and the content of the decomposed cow cast is at least 13 weight percent; wherein the average width of the coir is 3.0 to 8.0 mm, the decomposed cow dung is subjected to fermentation decomposition treatment of compost for at least 2 years, the culture medium is filled in a planting bag, and the width and the depth of the planting bag are respectively about 15 to 35 to 50 to 80 mm.

More preferably, in the salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method for increasing the tanshinone IIA content of the salvia miltiorrhiza roots, the content of the coconut fibers is 45 to 54 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is 32 to 38 weight percent, and the content of the decomposed cow dung is 14 to 17 weight percent; wherein the average width of the coconut fiber is 4.5 to 5.5 mm, the decomposed cow dung is subjected to fermentation decomposition treatment of compost for at least 4.5 years, the culture medium is filled in a breathable woven bag, and the width and the depth of the breathable woven bag are respectively about 20 to 30 to 60 to 70 cm.

The culture medium may further comprise rice bran; preferably, the raw materials of the culture medium substantially consist of coconut fiber, wormcast, decomposed cow dung and rice bran; more preferably, the raw materials of the culture medium consist of coconut fiber, wormcast, decomposed cow dung and rice bran.

Preferably, the content and/or type of the rice bran is the culture medium for increasing the tanshinone IIA content of the salvia miltiorrhiza root.

Preferably, in the above method for cultivating salvia miltiorrhiza, the salvia miltiorrhiza is a salvia miltiorrhiza seedling which has grown leaves, and further comprises the steps (a01) to (a03) before the step (a 1): (A01) placing Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix seed at 6 deg.C below for at least 4 days by wet cold lamination method; (A02) transplanting the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds to a seedling raising plug tray, and providing a root opening agent; and (a03) providing, after sprouting, a seed of salvia miltiorrhiza selected from the group consisting of: bacillus subtilis, Actinomycetes, Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarrhizium anisopliae, photosynthetic Bacteria, a mixed solution containing phosphite and potassium hydroxide, a wood vinegar fermentation broth, and combinations thereof; wherein the steps (A01) - (A03) are carried out after 1 month to 3 months to obtain the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings with grown leaves.

More specifically, the wet-cold stratification method in the step (A01) is to place the seeds of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge at 3 ℃ to 6 ℃ for 5 days to 9 days; (A02) the dosage of the root-cutting agent in the step can be adjusted according to the product mark and the requirement.

Preferably, in the above method for cultivating salvia miltiorrhiza, the step (a1) comprises: cultivating said salvia miltiorrhiza in said culture medium to obtain a cultivated salvia miltiorrhiza; further comprising, after the step (A1), a step (A2): providing the cultivated salvia miltiorrhiza is selected from the group consisting of: bacillus subtilis, Actinomyces, Bacillus thuringiensis, Hemsleya amabilis, photosynthetic bacteria, chitin, narrow-range oil, Melia azedarach oil, mixed solution containing phosphite and potassium hydroxide, wood vinegar fermentation liquor and their combination.

The above step (a2) is a period of 11 months to 13 months, more specifically, step (a2) is a period of 12 months.

The above-mentioned substances for providing the cultivated salvia miltiorrhiza, for example: the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the chitin, the narrow-range oil, the mixed liquid containing phosphite and potassium hydroxide, the wood vinegar fermentation liquid and the like are not pesticides, and the pesticide is replaced to achieve the effect of preventing epidemic diseases and insect pests or increase the photosynthesis rate of the salvia miltiorrhiza so as to promote the growth of the salvia miltiorrhiza. The invention can further produce the salvia miltiorrhiza without pesticide residue to ensure the health of eaters because the invention avoids using pesticide.

Preferably, in the above method for cultivating salvia miltiorrhiza, the raw materials of the wood vinegar fermentation liquid comprise garlic, pepper, houttuynia cordata and wood vinegar, wherein the content of garlic is 8 to 12 weight percent, the content of pepper is 8 to 12 weight percent, the content of houttuynia cordata is 17 to 23 weight percent, and the content of wood vinegar is 55 to 65 weight percent, and the garlic, pepper and houttuynia cordata are soaked in wood vinegar and fermented for at least 30 days.

Preferably, the soaking days are 45 days to 80 days, and more preferably, the soaking days are 58 days to 62 days.

Preferably, the method for cultivating salvia miltiorrhiza further comprises a step (A3) after the step (a 1): the number of salvia miltiorrhiza leaves is reduced; more preferably, the frequency of step (a3) is once to three times a year; still more preferably, step (A3) is performed at least 4 months after step (a1) is completed. More specifically, the step (A3) is performed within 4 months to 12 months after the step (A1) is completed.

Preferably, the method for cultivating salvia miltiorrhiza further comprises a step (a4) after the step (a 1): applying fertilizer periodically to provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, wherein the step (A4) is divided into two stages: firstly, leaf growing period: the average fertilization frequency of the nitrogen fertilizer is higher than that of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer; and (II) rooting stage: the average fertilization frequency of the nitrogen fertilizer is lower than that of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. The microelements comprise iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, cobalt and nickel, and the other nutrients are adjusted according to the growth condition of Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix.

The above-mentioned long leaf stage is 5 months to 7 months, more specifically, about 6 months; the root-growth period is 5 months to 7 months, more specifically, about 6 months.

Preferably, the fertilization frequency of the nitrogen fertilizer in the long leaf period is decreased from about 3 times or 4 times per week to about 1 time or 2 times per week, and the fertilization frequency of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 1 time or 2 times per week; the fertilization frequency of the nitrogen fertilizer in the long root period is decreased gradually from about 2 times per week to about 1 time per week; the fertilizing frequency of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is unchanged, and the fertilizing frequency is about 4 times per week; and the fertilizing frequency of the trace elements is unchanged, and is 1 time per month.

Preferably, in the above salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method, the step (a1) is a ground cultivation method, which can improve the air permeability of the cultivation medium and the overall 360-degree fertilization.

The average temperature of the climate months from 1 month to 12 months (website: https:// www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/C/statics/monthlymean. html) in Jiayi area of Taiwan weather department of China between 1981 and 2010 is 16.5 ℃, 17.3 ℃, 19.7 ℃, 23.0 ℃, 25.8 ℃, 27.8 ℃, 28.6 ℃, 28.2 ℃, 27.0 ℃, 24.5 ℃, 21.3 ℃ and 17.7 ℃, respectively, and the average temperature of the cultivation environment of the salvia miltiorrhiza is about 23 ℃.

According to the invention, the salvia miltiorrhiza root harvested in spring contains higher active ingredients, and the salvia miltiorrhiza root harvested three months before harvesting has lower cultivation environment temperature, which is possibly beneficial to improving the content of the active ingredients in the salvia miltiorrhiza root.

Preferably, the temperature of the cultivation environment of the salvia miltiorrhiza is lower than 20 ℃ on average in three months before harvesting; more preferably, the average temperature of the cultivation environment is 10 ℃ to 19 ℃; even more preferably, the average temperature of the cultivation environment is 16 ℃ to 18 ℃.

In summary, the present invention provides a cultivation medium for salvia miltiorrhiza, which can increase the content of tanshinone IIA in salvia miltiorrhiza roots. In addition, the invention also provides a salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method, which ensures that the salvia miltiorrhiza has higher content of tanshinone IIA, and further ensures that the salvia miltiorrhiza does not directly contact ground soil in a ground-off cultivation mode, and has the following multiple advantages: (1) the influences of climate, heavy metal and plant diseases and insect pests on the soil traditionally planted in the field are reduced; (2) no pesticide residue is left; (3) the fertilizer can be applied in 360 degrees comprehensively; and (4) protecting the integrity of the root of the salvia miltiorrhiza; thereby being beneficial to the guarantee of the health of the eater.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photo of compost from decomposed cow dung.

Fig. 2 is a photograph of salvia miltiorrhiza planting of example 1.

FIG. 3 is a photograph of the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge planted in example 1.

FIG. 4 is a photograph of the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge planted in example 1.

Fig. 5 is a photograph of example 1 salvia miltiorrhiza samples in the SGS test report of 2019.

Detailed Description

Several modes of operation are provided below in order to illustrate embodiments of the present invention; those skilled in the art can readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention that the advantages and features of the present invention may be realized and attained by various modifications and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Preparation example 1: salvia miltiorrhiza seedling

The Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are purchased from Changfeng Fengxiang in Hualian county of Taiwan, China, and are stacked by a wet-cold lamination method, namely a layer of wet sand and a layer of seeds are stacked mutually, and then are placed in a refrigerator with the temperature set at 5 ℃, taken out after 7 days and sowed in 108-grid plug trays, and the seeds are waited for budding. In the stage of sprouting and growing into young seedling of salvia miltiorrhiza, 1000 times of bacillus subtilis diluent is sprayed on a plug tray, and according to the manufacturer's instruction, a root-opening agent (Yongshengtu biological science and technology limited, product name: root hair king) is provided to promote rooting, and when the young seedling grows out, 1500 times of mixed solution of phosphite and potassium hydroxide, 1000 times of actinomycete diluent, 1000 times of bacillus thuringiensis diluent and 1000 times of wood vinegar fermentation liquor are sprayed to prevent epidemic diseases and insect pests, and 1000 times of photosynthetic bacteria diluent is provided according to the condition to promote the growth of the young seedling of salvia miltiorrhiza. The dilution ratio is prepared according to the instruction of the product.

The bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, bacillus thuringiensis and photosynthetic bacteria are all commercial products, and the wood vinegar fermentation liquor is prepared by soaking 10 weight percent of garlic, 10 weight percent of hot pepper and 20 weight percent of houttuynia cordata in 60 weight percent of wood vinegar liquor for fermentation for 2 months, wherein the total weight of the garlic, the hot pepper and the houttuynia cordata is 20 kg, and the wood vinegar liquor is 30 liters (the specific gravity is about 1.002 to 1.025).

The salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings of the preparation example are divided into two batches: (I) "autumn-type" Danshen: sowing the seeds of the salvia miltiorrhiza to a 108-grid hole tray for germination in 2017 in 10 and 1 days, growing the seeds into salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings in the same year in 11 and 14 days, planting the seedlings in a planting bag, and harvesting in 2018 in 11 and 13 days; (II) "Chunyang type" Danshen: sowing the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds to a 108-grid hole tray for germination in 2017, 12 and 07 days in 12 and 18 days in 2018, planting the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds in a planting bag after the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings grow into the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings in 2018, 2 and 18 days in 2019, and harvesting in 2019, 2 and 17 days in 17 days. During the period from sowing to 108-grid hole plates, bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, bacillus thuringiensis, black muscardine, photosynthetic bacteria, a mixed solution of phosphite and potassium hydroxide and wood vinegar fermentation liquor are provided according to conditions so as to prevent plant diseases and insect pests.

Preparation example 2: cultivation medium

The cultivation media of the preparation example are divided into three types: medium A: 50 weight percent of coconut fiber, 35 weight percent of wormcast and 15 weight percent of decomposed cow dung compost; (II) Medium B: 50 weight percent of coconut fiber, 10 weight percent of rice bran, 20 weight percent of wormcast and 20 weight percent of decomposed cow dung compost; and (III) Medium C: 70 weight percent of peat soil and 30 weight percent of perlite; and the above media are mixed evenly and put into a white breathable woven bag with the width of 20 cm and the depth of 65 cm.

The coconut fiber, the wormcast, the rice bran, the peat soil and the perlite are all commercial products, and the specifications are as follows:

coconut fiber: an average width of 5.0 mm, an air permeability of 29.1%, a pH of 5.7, an Electrical Conductivity (EC) of 0.70 mS/cm, an organic content of 91.1% and a moisture content of 20.6%.

And (II) wormcast: comprises residue of raised Lumbricus and Lumbricus excrement, wherein the Lumbricus excrement is obtained by raising Lumbricus in mixture of rice flour, testa oryzae and sawdust of mushroom cultivation waste; the registered components marked by the wormcast product volume label are 3% of total nitrogen, 6.5% of total phosphoric anhydride, 3% of total potassium oxide and 70% of organic matters, and other components marked by the product volume label are moisture (less than 20%), and the pH value is 6.9.

And (III) decomposing the cow dung: after 5 years of composting, the fully decomposed cattle manure, as shown in fig. 1, can be seen in which the larvae of the dung beetle inhabit. In addition, the compost of chicken and pig belongs to omnivorous animals, so the nitrogen fertilizer content ratio of the manure compost is too high to be easy to burn, and the manure contains high content of chemical components such as antibiotics and copper sulfate, and the compost is generally short in decomposition time, so that the composition and the property of the chicken manure and pig manure are different from those of cow manure, and the root growth of salvia miltiorrhiza can be not facilitated. Therefore, the invention adopts cow dung for composting.

(IV) rice bran: purchased from a rice mill, and obtained by husking rice and removing the aleurone layer of the outer endosperm.

(V) peat soil: Klasmann-Deilmann peat moss, germany, has a registered product label of total nitrogen 4.4%, organic matter 94.3%, water retention of 75% and a particle size of 0 to 25 mm, and a registered product label of moisture (38.1%).

(VI) pearl stone: the particle size is 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm.

The coconut fiber, the earthworm cast, the decomposed cow cast and the rice bran provide nutrients required by the growth of the salvia miltiorrhiza, and because the raw materials or the mixture of the raw materials have high porosity and high air permeability, a more abundant growth space can be provided for roots, and the damage to the epidermis of the salvia miltiorrhiza roots is avoided, so that the roots of the salvia miltiorrhiza can grow vigorously, and the tanshinone IIA contained in the salvia miltiorrhiza roots is promoted.

And secondly, the coconut fibers, the wormcast, the decomposed cow dung and the rice bran can be slowly decomposed, so that the root system of the salvia miltiorrhiza can be gradually converted into a growth space of the root system of the salvia miltiorrhiza in the growth process of the root system of the salvia miltiorrhiza, the development of the root system of the salvia miltiorrhiza is facilitated, and the yield of the salvia miltiorrhiza can be increased. Finally, as can be seen from the following analysis examples, this also contributes to the promotion of tanshinone IIA contained in the salvia miltiorrhiza roots.

Example 1: planting salvia miltiorrhiza seedling

The planting place is Fangye Fangji of Jiayi county, Taiwan. As shown in FIG. 2, the woven bags filled with the cultivation medium are arranged on the ground in order, so the present embodiment plants the Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings in a way of cultivation from the ground.

The invention adopts the advantages of the breathable woven bag that: (1) if planting bags or air-permeable woven bags are not adopted, the salvia miltiorrhiza roots are widely distributed and deeply enter underground soil, and only part of the salvia miltiorrhiza roots can be collected in the collecting process, so that the yield is influenced; (2) after the salvia miltiorrhiza roots are widely distributed and deeply penetrate into underground soil, the skin of the salvia miltiorrhiza roots is possibly damaged in the process of harvesting, so that the content of tanshinone IIA is influenced; and (3) the breathable woven bag is beneficial to maintaining the breathability of the culture medium and is beneficial to the growth of the roots of the salvia miltiorrhiza.

In addition, the invention adopts the off-ground cultivation method, which has the advantages that: the influence of external soil on the air permeability of the cultivation medium can be avoided; when the planting bag is cultivated in the ground, the planting bag can be comprehensively fertilized for 360 degrees, so that the nutrients of the fertilizer can be comprehensively absorbed by the salvia miltiorrhiza; compared with the traditional method of planting in completely open outdoor field soil, the planting bags (also called hole planting bags or American planting bags) are used for loading the culture medium to culture the salvia miltiorrhiza, so that the salvia miltiorrhiza not only can be prevented from contacting with the soil, but also the damage risks of climate, heavy metal and plant diseases and insect pests can be further reduced because the positions can be freely moved and adjusted; and (IV) because the fertilizer is not applied to soil, the integrity of the root of the salvia miltiorrhiza can be kept during collection, and the risk of damage to the surface of the root of the salvia miltiorrhiza is reduced.

The number of the 3 different mediums planted is 100, so that the total number of 300 seedlings is 300, and the total number of 300 seedlings of spring type and autumn type is 600, and 2 repeated tests are carried out, so that the total number of 1200 salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings is counted. In autumn, the autumn crops are transplanted to 3 different cultivation media in preparation example 2 in 2017, 11 and 14 days, and then harvested in 2018, 11 and 13 days, wherein the autumn crops are 12 months in period; the spring crop types are transplanted to 3 different cultivation media in preparation example 2 in 2018, 2 and 18 days, and then harvested in 2019, 2 and 17 days, and the period is 12 months. In addition, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, after a cultivation period of about one year, the medium a in preparation example 2 was greatly absorbed by the roots of red-rooted salvia and the entire planting bag was occupied by the roots, and the size of the planting bag was suitable for a space required for the roots of red-rooted salvia to grow for about one year. Meanwhile, the culture medium is greatly decomposed and reduced, so that the difficulty of soil removal after the subsequent harvesting of the salvia miltiorrhiza roots is reduced, and the damage of the soil removal step to the salvia miltiorrhiza roots can be reduced.

The non-pesticide control treatment is also carried out during the cultivation period as follows:

autumn type: spraying 1000 times of narrow-area oil diluent and 800 to 1000 times of black muscardine fungus diluent in 2017, 12 months and 4 days; (II) spraying 1000 times of mixed diluent of phosphite and potassium hydroxide (1:1) and 1000 times to 1500 times of diluent of narrow-range oil or melia azedarach oil in 2018, 1 month and 4 days; (III) spraying 1000 times of bacillus subtilis diluent and 1000 times of actinomycetes and chitin diluent in 2018, 2 months and 4 days; (IV) spraying 800 times of bacillus subtilis diluent and 1000 times of bacillus thuringiensis and black muscardine diluent on 2018 in 3, 4 and 3 months; (V) spraying 800-1000 times of wood vinegar fermentation diluent in 2018, 4 months and 4 days; sixthly, spraying 800-1000 times of wood vinegar fermentation diluent in 2018 in 5, 4 and 4 days; (seventh) spraying 1000 times of bacillus subtilis diluent and 1000 times of actinomycetes and chitin diluent in 2018, 7 months and 4 days; (eighth), spraying 800-1000 times of wood vinegar fermentation diluent in 2018, 8, 4 and 4 days; (nine) spraying 1000 times of mixed diluent of phosphite and potassium hydroxide (1:1) and 1000 times to 1500 times of diluent of narrow-range oil or melia azedarach oil in 2018, 9 months and 4 days; spraying 1000 times of mixed solution diluent of phosphite and potassium hydroxide (1:1) and 1000 times to 1500 times of narrow-area oil or melia azedarach oil diluent in 2018, 10 months and 4 days.

Spring culture: spraying 1000 times of narrow-area oil diluent and 800 to 1000 times of black muscardine fungus diluent in 2018 for 3 months and 18 days; (II) spraying 1000 times of mixed solution diluent of phosphite and potassium hydroxide (1:1) and 1000 times to 1500 times of narrow-range oil or melia azedarach oil diluent in 18 days in 4 months and in 2018 years; (III) spraying 800 times of Bacillus subtilis diluent and 1000 times of Bacillus thuringiensis and Hepialus bassiana diluent in 2018, 5 months and 18 days; (IV) spraying 800-1000 times of wood vinegar fermentation diluent in 2018 in 6-month and 18-day period; (V) spraying 1000 times of bacillus subtilis diluent and 1000 times of actinomycetes and chitin diluent in 2018, 7 months and 18 days; (VI) spraying 800 times of bacillus subtilis diluent and 1000 times of bacillus thuringiensis and black muscardine diluent on 8 months and 18 days in 2018; (seventh) spraying 1000 times of mixed diluent of phosphite and potassium hydroxide (1:1) and 1000 times to 1500 times of diluent of narrow-range oil or chinaberry oil in 2018, 10 months and 18 days; (eighth), spraying 800-1000 times of wood vinegar fermentation diluent in 2018 in 11-month and 18-day period; (nine) spraying 1000 times of bacillus subtilis diluent and 1000 times of actinomycetes and chitin diluent in 2018, 12 months and 18 days; and (ten) spraying 800 times of bacillus subtilis diluent and 1000 times of bacillus thuringiensis and black muscardine diluent in 2019 in 1 month and 18 days.

The raw materials of the diluent are all commercial products.

The above cultivation period is periodically fertilized to provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements as follows:

autumn type: firstly, filling liquid nitrogen fertilizer for 11 months to 2 months in 2017 for 4 times per week, increasing the frequency of filling liquid phosphorus-potassium fertilizer for 11 months for 1 time per week, and for 12 months, 1 month and 2 months for 2 times per week; (II) reducing the frequency of filling the liquid nitrogen fertilizer in each month from 3 months in 2018 to 5 months in 2018, wherein the liquid nitrogen fertilizer is filled for 3 times per week in 3 months, 2 times per week in 4 months, 1 time per week in 5 months, and 2 times per week in the liquid phosphorus-potassium fertilizer; (III) periodically irrigating the liquid nitrogen fertilizer for 2 times per week in 6 months in 2018 to 9 months in 2018, and periodically irrigating the liquid phosphorus-potassium fertilizer for 4 times per week in each month; and (IV) periodically irrigating the liquid nitrogen fertilizer 1 time per week in 2018, 10 months to 2018, 11 months, and periodically irrigating the liquid phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 4 times per week in each month. Finally, the organic trace elements are regularly irrigated for 1 time in each month.

Spring culture: firstly, the liquid nitrogen fertilizer is filled for 4 times per week from 2 months in 2018 to 5 months in 2018, the frequency of filling the liquid phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is increased, the liquid nitrogen fertilizer is filled for 1 time per week in 2 months, and the liquid nitrogen fertilizer is filled for 2 times per week in 3 months, 4 months and 5 months; (II) reducing the frequency of liquid nitrogen fertilizer irrigation in each month from 6 months in 2018 to 8 months in 2018, wherein the liquid nitrogen fertilizer irrigation frequency is 3 times per week in 6 months and 7 months, the liquid nitrogen fertilizer irrigation frequency is 1 time per week in 8 months, and the liquid phosphorus-potassium fertilizer frequency is 2 times per week, 1 time and 2 times per month in sequence; (III) periodically irrigating the liquid nitrogen fertilizer for 2 times per week in each month from 9 months in 2018 to 12 months in 2018, and periodically irrigating the liquid phosphorus-potassium fertilizer for 4 times per week in each month; and (IV) periodically irrigating the liquid nitrogen fertilizer 1 time per week in each month from 1 month in 2019 to 2 months in 2019, and periodically irrigating the liquid phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 4 times per week in each month; in addition, the trace elements are regularly irrigated 1 time each month.

Analytical example 1: content comparison of tanshinone IIA in each group

The data of the salvia miltiorrhiza roots in each group are as follows, except that the salvia miltiorrhiza roots in the continental land (longxi, Gansu) group are dried in the commercial industry, the salvia miltiorrhiza roots in the other groups are dried in the air and then dried, the salvia miltiorrhiza roots in all groups are crushed and extracted by methanol, a standard curve is made by using standard substances of commercial tanshinone IIA, and the content of the tanshinone IIA obtained in each group is converted by using the integral area, wherein the data is as shown in the following table 1:

table 1: the content of tanshinone IIA in each group

Table 1, the producing area of the salvia miltiorrhiza root in shoufeng village group is shoufeng village in taiwan hualian county, china; in table 1, the root of red-rooted salvia in the continent (longxi, Gansu province) is produced in the continent Gansu longxi, and both are planted in the field.

Analysis example 2: quantitative analysis of pesticides

The salvia miltiorrhiza in the spring crop type medium A group is sent to Taiwan inspection science and technology Limited company (SGS Taiwan Ltd.) in 19/3.2019, the sample photo is shown in figure 5, the report number is FA/2019/34395, the report date is 25/3.2019, the test items are shown in a Wen-ending table 2, and no pesticide is detected in 373, so that the SGS inspection result shows that the salvia miltiorrhiza in the spring crop type medium A group has no pesticide residue because the medium, the diluent and the fertilizer all contain no pesticide, and the salvia miltiorrhiza in the medium B group also has no pesticide residue because the medium, the diluent and the fertilizer all contain no pesticide.

From the above data, it can be seen that: in the spring crop type, the content of tanshinone IIA of the salvia miltiorrhiza root in the medium group A is highest, the content of tanshinone IIA is more than 4 times of the import standard (0.20 percent or 2mg/g extract) of the Chinese pharmacopoeia and the Chinese Taiwan, the content of tanshinone IIA in the medium group B is lower than that of tanshinone IIA in the medium group C, and the content of tanshinone IIA in the medium group C is lowest; in the autumn-planting type, the content of the tanshinone IIA is ranked to be the same as that in the spring-planting type, and the content of the tanshinone IIA in the medium A group in the autumn-planting type is 7.87mg/g of extract, which is more than 3.5 times of the imported standard of the Chinese pharmacopoeia and Taiwan, which shows that the content of the tanshinone IIA in the salvia miltiorrhiza root can be effectively improved by adopting the medium A; meanwhile, the data obtained from 3 groups in the spring crop type are generally superior to 3 groups in the autumn crop type, and the salvia miltiorrhiza root harvested in spring has higher tanshinone IIA content; the content of tanshinone IIA in the Danshen root obtained by the medium A group and the medium B group in the spring crop type and the autumn crop type is obviously higher than that of the Danshen root obtained by the longevity-Feng county group and the continental land (Longxi, Gansu province), and the content of tanshinone IIA in the Danshen root obtained by the medium A and the medium B is far higher than that of the Danshen root available in the market, so that the Danshen root has great market competitiveness.

In summary, compared with the conventional technology, the invention has the following advantages: the invention adopts a novel planting medium, can provide space and nutrients easy for the growth of the salvia miltiorrhiza roots, can obtain the effect of improving the tanshinone IIA content of the salvia miltiorrhiza roots, and the improvement range is obviously superior to the improvement of fertilizers; the breathable woven bag adopted by the invention not only improves the air permeability of the cultivation medium and preserves the nutrients of the cultivation medium, but also can concentrate the roots of the salvia miltiorrhiza to protect the integrity of the roots of the salvia miltiorrhiza, and not only improves the yield of the salvia miltiorrhiza, but also can avoid the skin of the salvia miltiorrhiza from being damaged to influence the content of tanshinone IIA; thirdly, the method is further introduced into an off-ground cultivation mode, so that the problem of residual pesticides and heavy metals in the soil of the agricultural land can be effectively eliminated, and the problem that the market-sold products are easily affected by diseases and insect pests and external factors of climate because the market-sold products are planted in a completely open outdoor fixed space is avoided, so that the yield of the salvia miltiorrhiza and the content of the tanshinone IIA are reduced, the fertilizer can be applied in a comprehensive 360-degree manner, and the nutrients provided by the fertilizer are fully absorbed; and (IV) the invention introduces non-pesticide control treatment measures comprising a biological control method to replace pesticides, so that the industrial utilization and the economic value of the finished product are increased, consumers can enjoy tanshinone IIA with high unit content without worrying about pesticide residues, and the physical health of the consumers is improved.

Table 2: test items

Test item and LOQ

And (4) preparing a table:unit: ppm (mg/kg)

Test item and LOQ

The whole table (continued):unit: ppm (mg/kg)

Test item and LOQ

The whole table (continued):unit: ppm (mg/kg)

Test item and LOQ

The whole table (continued):unit: ppm (mg/kg)

Test item and LOQ

The whole table (continued):unit: ppm (mg/kg)

Claims

1. A culture medium for increasing tanshinone IIA content of salvia miltiorrhiza root comprises coconut fiber, wormcast and decomposed cow dung, and based on the total weight of the raw materials, the content of the coconut fiber is at least 40 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is at least 10 weight percent and the content of the decomposed cow dung is at least 10 weight percent.

2. The culture medium of claim 1, wherein the coir is present in an amount of at least 45 weight percent, the earthworm cast is present in an amount of at least 18 weight percent, and the decomposed cow dung is present in an amount of at least 13 weight percent; wherein the average width of the coconut fibers is 3.0 to 8.0 mm, and the decomposed cattle manure is subjected to fermentation decomposition treatment of compost for at least 2 years.

3. The culture medium of claim 1, wherein the coir is present in an amount of 45 to 54 weight percent, the wormcast is present in an amount of 32 to 38 weight percent, and the decomposed cow dung is present in an amount of 14 to 17 weight percent; wherein the average width of the coconut fibers is 4.5 to 5.5 mm, and the decomposed cattle manure is subjected to fermentation decomposition treatment of compost for at least 4.5 years.

4. The culture medium of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the coir has an organic content of at least 70% and an air permeability of at least 20%.

5. The culture medium of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition of the earthworm cast comprises at least 1% per-nitrogen, at least 3% per-phosphoric anhydride, at least 1% per-potassium oxide and at least 50% organic matter.

6. The culture medium of claim 1, wherein the culture medium further comprises rice bran, and the content of the coconut coir is at least 45 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is at least 15 weight percent, the content of the decomposed cow dung is at least 15 weight percent, and the content of the rice bran is at least 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the raw materials.

7. A method for cultivating Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge to increase the content of tanshinone IIA in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge root comprises:

step (a 1): the salvia miltiorrhiza is cultivated in a culture medium, wherein the raw materials of the culture medium comprise coconut fiber, wormcast and decomposed cow dung, and based on the total weight of the raw materials, the content of the coconut fiber is at least 40 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is at least 10 weight percent and the content of the decomposed cow dung is at least 10 weight percent.

8. The salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method of claim 7, wherein the content of the coconut fiber is at least 45 weight percent, the content of the wormcast is at least 18 weight percent and the content of the decomposed cow dung is at least 13 weight percent; the average width of the coconut fibers is 3.0 to 8.0 mm, the decomposed cattle manure is subjected to fermentation decomposition treatment for at least 2 years of composting, the culture medium is filled in a planting bag, and the width and the depth of the planting bag are 15 to 35 and 50 to 80 cm respectively.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a young Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge which has grown leaves, and further comprises steps (A01) - (A03) before step (A1):

(A01) placing Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix seed at 6 deg.C below for at least 4 days by wet cold lamination method;

(A02) transplanting the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds to a seedling raising plug tray, and providing a root opening agent; and

(A03) providing after the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds germinate, a composition selected from the group consisting of: bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, bacillus thuringiensis, black muscardine, photosynthetic bacteria, a mixed solution containing phosphite and potassium hydroxide, wood vinegar fermentation liquor and a combination of the bacillus subtilis, the actinomycetes, the bacillus thuringiensis, the black muscardine, the photosynthetic bacteria, the mixed solution containing phosphite and potassium hydroxide, the wood vinegar fermentation liquor and the like;

wherein the steps (A01) - (A03) are carried out after 1 month to 3 months to obtain the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings with grown leaves.

10. The salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step (a1) comprises: cultivating said salvia miltiorrhiza in said culture medium to obtain a cultivated salvia miltiorrhiza;

further comprising, after the step (A1), a step (A2):

providing the cultivated salvia miltiorrhiza is selected from the group consisting of: bacillus subtilis, Actinomyces, Bacillus thuringiensis, Hemsleya amabilis, photosynthetic bacteria, chitin, narrow-range oil, Melia azedarach oil, mixed solution containing phosphite and potassium hydroxide, wood vinegar fermentation liquor and their combination.

11. The method for cultivating salvia miltiorrhiza bunge as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein the raw materials of the wood vinegar fermentation liquid comprise garlic, pepper, houttuynia cordata and wood vinegar, wherein the content of garlic is 8-12 wt%, the content of pepper is 8-12 wt%, the content of houttuynia cordata is 17-23 wt% and the content of wood vinegar is 55-65 wt%, and the garlic, pepper and houttuynia cordata are soaked in wood vinegar and fermented for at least 30 days.

12. The method of cultivating salvia miltiorrhiza as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the cultivation ambient temperature of salvia miltiorrhiza is below 20 ℃ on average three months prior to harvest.

13. The salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the step (a1) is a cultivation method by harvesting.

14. The salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method of any one of claims 7 to 10, further comprising a step (A3) after step (a 1): reducing the number of leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

15. The salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation method of any one of claims 7 to 10, further comprising a step (a4) after step (a 1): applying fertilizer periodically to provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, wherein the step (A4) is divided into two stages: firstly, leaf growing period: the average fertilization frequency of the nitrogen fertilizer is higher than that of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer; and (II) rooting stage: the average fertilization frequency of the nitrogen fertilizer is lower than that of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.