CN113615466A - Planting method for navel orange root water and fertilizer slow release and surface soil erosion resistance in hillock collapse area - Google Patents
Planting method for navel orange root water and fertilizer slow release and surface soil erosion resistance in hillock collapse area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A planting method for navel oranges in a hilly-area with water and fertilizer slow release and surface soil erosion resistance comprises the following steps of firstly, excavating planting pits, wherein the planting pits are selected at flat parts of hilly-area hilly oranges; spraying a W-OH material on the bottom wall and the side wall of the planting pit; planting navel orange seedlings into planting pits, backfilling a layer of soil in the pits, spreading fertilizer on the backfilled soil, backfilling the soil to be level to the ground, and pouring root fixing water; secondly, constructing a surrounding ridge on the soil surface of the planting pit along the edge of the pit, keeping the inner edge of the surrounding ridge consistent with the side line of the planting pit, forming a relative sinking area and a surrounding ridge rising area in the ridge, and surrounding the navel orange seedling in the center; covering dead branches and fallen leaves of plants around the navel orange seedlings in the navel orange planting soil surface ridge, and compacting the covered plants; spraying a W-OH material on the enclosing ridge of the soil surface of the planting pit, and forming a consolidation colloid on the soil infiltration layer on the enclosing ridge. The method can slow down the water and fertilizer leakage of the navel orange root area, improve the water and fertilizer utilization rate of the navel oranges, and simultaneously can reduce the water and soil loss caused by disturbance of soil due to the planting of the navel oranges in a hilly spot area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hillock-collapsing agricultural development, and particularly relates to a water-fertilizer slow-release and surface-soil erosion-resistant planting method for navel oranges in a hillock collapsing area.
Background
Collapsing hills is a specific type of eroded landform in the south of ChinaUnder the combined action of water power and gravity, the soil body of the hillside is damaged to erode and collapse. According to statistics, 24 thousands of breakouts are shared in south China, and the total erosion area reaches 1220km2The average erosion modulus is as high as 5.9 kilo t/(km)2A), which seriously affects the sustainable development of ecological safety and economic society in China. Therefore, the development and treatment of collapse of hillocks become an important task related to the national civilization.
Planting economic forest fruits such as navel oranges on hilly sides and the like becomes an important form of hilly side agricultural development, and the traditional navel orange planting method comprises the following steps: (1) digging planting pits at the leveling parts of the hilly hills; (2) planting navel orange seedlings in the planting pits; (3) fertilizing, filling soil, watering and the like in the navel orange planting hole; (4) and constructing a ridge on the soil surface of the planting pit. Due to loose soil, strong permeability and poor nutrients of the hilly-hilly soil, water and fertilizer in the pits leak and run off after rainfall, so that the water and fertilizer utilization rate of the navel oranges is low, and the problems of poor growth potential, low yield and the like are caused. In addition, the hillock-collapsing soil has many quartz particles, strong sand property and poor soil corrosion resistance, and new soil erosion is easily generated at the disturbed part of the navel orange planting, so that water and soil loss is caused. Seriously affecting the benefit of development and treatment of collapse hillock.
Therefore, in the planting process of navel oranges in the hillock collapse area, how to slow down the water and fertilizer leakage at the root parts of the navel oranges in the hillock collapse area and improve the erosion resistance of the surface soil of the navel oranges becomes a problem to be solved urgently by the people in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the problems of low water and fertilizer utilization rate and easy loss of surface soil of the traditional navel orange planting method in the hillock regions, the invention provides a water and fertilizer slow release and surface soil erosion resistance planting method for the root parts of the navel oranges in the hillock regions.
The technical scheme is as follows: a planting method for navel oranges in a hilly spot area through water and fertilizer slow release and surface soil erosion resistance comprises the following steps: firstly, in-pit permeability reduction treatment: excavating planting pits, wherein the planting pits are selected at the collapsed hillock flat parts; spraying a W-OH material on the bottom wall and the side wall of the planting pit, wherein the spraying concentration is 3-5 vt%; planting navel orange seedlings into planting pits, backfilling a layer of soil in the pits, and spreading fertilizer on the backfilled soilFilling the soil, backfilling the soil until the soil is level to the ground, and pouring root fixing water; secondly, surface soil corrosion prevention treatment: constructing a surrounding ridge on the soil surface of the planting pit along the edge of the pit, keeping the inner edge of the surrounding ridge consistent with the side line of the planting pit, forming a relative sinking area and a surrounding ridge rising area in the ridge, and surrounding the navel orange seedlings in the center; covering dead branches and fallen leaves of plants around the navel orange seedlings in the navel orange planting soil surface ridge, and compacting the covered plants; spraying a W-OH material to a ridge on the soil surface of the planting pit, wherein the spraying concentration is 5-7 vt%, and a consolidation colloid is formed by soil infiltration on the ridge; the spraying amount is calculated according to the following formula: v is f multiplied by h multiplied by A multiplied by 1000, wherein V is the volume (L) of the W-OH solution, f is the soil porosity (%), h is the infiltration thickness (m) of the W-OH solution, and A is the area (m) to be sprayed2)。
The flat part of the hillock is a terrace, an upstream water collecting area or a scouring and accumulating area.
The diameter of the excavated planting pit is 0.8-1.2 m, the diameter of the bottom of the excavated planting pit is 0.6-1.0 m, the depth of the excavated planting pit is 0.6-0.8 m, and the side wall of the planting pit is inclined and keeps a slope of 60-85 degrees.
The W-OH material applied in the planting pits is diluted by water to prepare a W-OH solution with 3 vt% -5 vt%, and after the W-OH solution is fully stirred and mixed, a sprayer is used for spraying.
The spraying sequence in the W-OH material pit is that the side wall of the planting pit is uniformly sprayed firstly, so that the soil on the side wall is completely covered by the W-OH solution, and then the bottom wall of the planting pit is sprayed.
The height of the soil backfilled for the first time in the planting pits is 5-10 cm, so that the trunk close to the root of the navel orange seedlings after being planted leaks out of the soil surface.
The W-OH material applied to the ridges is diluted by water to prepare a W-OH solution with the concentration of 5 vt% -7 vt%, and the W-OH solution is sprayed by a sprayer.
Spraying a W-OH material on the bottom wall and the side wall of the planting pit and spraying a W-OH material on the ridge of the soil surface of the planting pit, wherein the soil in the hilly region is sandy loam, and the porosity is 40%; the infiltration thickness of W-OH is 1 cm; the spraying area of the side wall, the bottom wall and the enclosing ridge can be determined according to the size of the planting hole, and the spraying amount of the W-OH solution in the navel orange planting hole is 3-5L and the spraying amount of the W-OH solution at the earth surface enclosing ridge is 3-5L through calculation.
Has the advantages that: the planting method for the navel oranges in the hillock areas through water and fertilizer slow release and surface soil erosion resistance comprises two parts, namely seepage reduction treatment in planting pits and surface soil erosion prevention treatment. Digging navel orange planting pits at flat positions such as terrace lands in the hilly area, spraying a moisture permeability reducing material in the pits to form a moisture permeability reducing layer on the pit wall, and effectively slowing down the leakage of water and fertilizer in soil in the pits; performing seedling placement, soil filling, fertilization, soil filling and watering operations in the pits to complete the pit planting of the navel orange seedlings; a circular ridge is arranged on the surface of the navel orange planting soil along the pit in a surrounding mode, dead branches and fallen leaves of plants are filled in the region of the ridge in the surrounding mode and are appropriately compacted, splashing of rainfall on the surface of the planting hole is reduced, meanwhile, flexible soil-fixing corrosion-resisting materials are sprayed on the ridge, and the anti-erosion capacity of the ridge is improved. The method can slow down the water and fertilizer leakage of the navel orange root area, improve the water and fertilizer utilization rate of the navel oranges, and simultaneously can reduce the water and soil loss caused by disturbance of soil due to the planting of the navel oranges in a hilly spot area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a navel orange planting pit in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a planting method for navel oranges in a hillock area, which is used for realizing slow release of water and fertilizer at the root parts and resisting erosion of surface soil, and solves the problems that the navel oranges are fast in water and fertilizer leakage and easy to erode the surface soil in the hillock area planting process.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
The invention provides a planting method for navel oranges in a hilly spot area to realize water and fertilizer slow release and surface soil erosion resistance, which comprises the following steps:
step one, in-pit permeability reduction treatment
101. Excavation planting pit
The collapse hillock region after the golden hook type small watershed engineering measures in gan county region of Jiangxi city in Jiangxi province is selected as a navel orange planting region, the collapse hillock region is selected to be carried out in the later period of continuous sunny days according to the weather forecast of the gan county region, the soil water content is relatively low at the moment, and infiltration of W-OH solution in the subsequent steps is facilitated. Selecting navel orange planting points on a hillock terrace, and excavating navel orange planting pits with the opening diameter of 0.8-1.2 m, the bottom diameter of 0.6-1.0 m and the depth of 0.6-0.8 m by taking the points as centers to ensure that the side walls have a slope of 60-85 degrees. The dug soil is piled beside the planting pit.
102. Spraying permeability reducing material in pit
And airing the newly dug planting pit for 1-2 hours, so that moisture in the pit is discharged, and the soil on the pit wall is kept in a relatively dry state. The method utilizes a W-OH material (the W-OH material is a modified hydrophilic polyurethane resin material, the viscosity is 650-700 Pa/s at the temperature of 20 ℃, and the density is about 1.18g/cm3The solid content is about 85%, the water holding amount is more than 40 times, the water-retaining agent is an environment-friendly material, has no pollution to the environment and no harm to animals and plants, can form elastic consolidation colloid in a seepage layer when being sprayed to the soil surface, can reduce water seepage, and is widely used for seepage prevention of irrigation canals) and tap water to prepare a W-OH solution with the concentration of 3 vt% -5 vt%. Spraying the W-OH solution onto the side wall of the planting pit by using a sprayer, wherein the spraying amount of the side wall is 2-3L, circularly and repeatedly spraying along the side wall until the soil on the side wall is completely covered by the W-OH solution and does not infiltrate any more, the side wall has the W-OH solution obviously flowing downwards, and then spraying the bottom wall of the planting pit, wherein the spraying amount of the bottom wall is 1-2L until the bottom wall is completely covered by the W-OH solution. After spraying, the W-OH can be solidified on the soil surface and in soil pores on the inner wall of the navel orange planting pit to form a layer of elastic consolidation colloid, and the function of reducing water leakage is achieved.
In order to quantify the permeability reducing effect of W-OH, 400cm is utilized in the navel orange planting area of collapsing hillock3The cutting ring collects undisturbed soil samples, and infiltration experiments are carried out in a laboratory. Respectively spraying W-OH solutions with the concentration of 0% (CK, no spraying), 1 vt.%, 3 vt.%, 5 vt.% and 7 vt.% on the surface of the ring cutter soil, wherein each concentration is repeated in 3 groups, and each concentration is repeatedThe soil infiltration characteristics at concentration are given in table 1 below. With the increase of the spraying concentration of the W-OH, the initial infiltration rate, the average infiltration rate and the stable infiltration rate of the soil are all obviously reduced. When the spraying concentration of the W-OH is 7%, the three infiltration rates are respectively reduced by 92.9%, 92.6% and 93.4%; the W-OH with the concentration of 3 percent and 5 percent can reduce the infiltration rate of the soil by about 80 percent, and has the optimal infiltration reducing effect on the basis of saving the cost.
TABLE 1 characteristics of soil infiltration in hilly areas under different W-OH spray concentrations
103. Seedling planted in pit
Before the navel orange seedlings are placed in the planting pits, filling soil of 5-10 cm into the pits, then vertically placing the navel orange seedlings in the planting pits, and adjusting the filling thickness to enable the main stems adjacent to the root parts of the navel orange seedlings to just leak out of the ground. Uniformly filling soil around the root system of the navel orange seedlings to half height, spreading a compound fertilizer, and filling the soil until the root system is full. After the soil in the pit is filled up, the soil is properly compacted around the bottom of the main stem of the navel orange, and sufficient root fixing water is poured.
Step two, surface soil corrosion prevention treatment
201. Build up a ridge
And constructing a surrounding ridge on the surface of the planting pit soil by utilizing redundant soil around the navel orange seedlings along the pit edge, wherein the height of the surrounding ridge is 15-30 cm, the width of the bottom of the surrounding ridge is 20-40 cm, the inner edge of the surrounding ridge is overlapped with the pit edge, the top and the two edges of the surrounding ridge are properly compacted by shovels, and a relative subsidence area and a surrounding ridge uplift area in the ridge are formed.
202. Corrosion-proof water storage in ridge
And accumulating hay, dead branches of plants, fallen leaves and the like in the relative subsidence areas in the ridges, and properly compacting the hay and the like until the height of the compacted hay and the like does not exceed the height of the surrounding ridges. The splash erosion of rainfall to the soil around the navel orange seedlings can be effectively avoided, and the soil conditions required by the growth of the navel oranges are protected.
203. Anti-corrosion of ridge wall
Diluting the W-OH material with water to prepare a W-OH solution with the concentration of 5 vt% -7 vt%, spraying the top and the inner and outer side surfaces of the enclosing ridge by using a sprayer until the W-OH solution forms a solidified body on the surface of the enclosing ridge soil, completely covering the enclosing ridge and protecting the enclosing ridge soil from being washed away and lost.
A manual rainfall simulation test is developed at a quan-eagle-lake red soil ecological experimental station to quantify the influence of W-OH spraying on the yield of water and sand. Filling soil in the runoff micro-area, and carrying out a micro-area rainfall simulation test after settling for a period of time. The micro-area slope was set to 15 °, the rain intensity was set to 80mm/h, the W-OH concentration was set to 0 ° (CK, not sprayed) and 5%, 3 groups were repeated, and the rainfall time was set to 60 min. The results show that compared with the slope not sprayed with W-OH, the slope sprayed with W-OH with the concentration of 5% increases the yield by 190%, and reduces the sand yield by 62.1% (Table 2). The good effect of resisting soil erosion by W-OH is reflected.
TABLE 2 influence of W-OH spray on soil water and sand yield in hilly areas
Growth effect of navel orange
After the navel oranges are planted for one and a half years, growth indexes, namely the ground diameter of 0cm, the ground diameter of 10cm, the plant height and the crown width, of the navel oranges planted by the method and the traditional method are measured respectively. Compared with the indexes of navel orange planted by the traditional method, the indexes of 0cm ground diameter, 10cm ground diameter, plant height and crown width of the navel orange planted by the method are respectively improved by 9.50%, 9.63%, 10.66% and 16.97%. According to the relationship between plant height, crown breadth and yield, the yield of navel orange is estimated to be increased by 13%.
According to the planting method for navel oranges in the hillock caving area, disclosed by the invention, the navel orange planting pits are dug at flat positions such as the terrace of the hillock caving area, and the moisture permeability reducing material is sprayed in the pits, so that a moisture permeability reducing layer is formed on the pit wall, and the leakage of water and fertilizer in soil in the pits can be effectively slowed down; performing seedling placement, soil filling, fertilization, soil filling and watering operations in the pits to complete the pit planting of the navel orange seedlings; a circular ridge is arranged on the surface of the navel orange planting soil along the pit in a surrounding mode, dead branches and fallen leaves of plants are filled in the region of the ridge in the surrounding mode and are appropriately compacted, splashing of rainfall on the surface of the planting hole is reduced, meanwhile, flexible soil-fixing corrosion-resisting materials are sprayed on the ridge, and the anti-erosion capacity of the ridge is improved. The method can slow down the water and fertilizer leakage of the navel orange root area, improve the water and fertilizer utilization rate of the navel oranges, and simultaneously can reduce the water and soil loss caused by disturbance of soil due to the planting of the navel oranges in a hilly spot area.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A planting method for water and fertilizer slow release and surface soil erosion resistance of navel oranges in a hilly spot area is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, in-pit permeability reduction treatment: excavating planting pits, wherein the planting pits are selected at the collapsed hillock flat parts; spraying a W-OH material on the bottom wall and the side wall of the planting pit, wherein the spraying concentration is 3-5 vt%; planting navel orange seedlings into planting pits, backfilling a layer of soil in the pits, spreading fertilizer on the backfilled soil, backfilling the soil to be level to the ground, and pouring root fixing water; secondly, surface soil corrosion prevention treatment: constructing a surrounding ridge on the soil surface of the planting pit along the edge of the pit, keeping the inner edge of the surrounding ridge consistent with the side line of the planting pit, forming a relative sinking area and a surrounding ridge rising area in the ridge, and surrounding the navel orange seedlings in the center; covering dead branches and fallen leaves of plants around the navel orange seedlings in the navel orange planting soil surface ridge, and compacting the covered plants; spraying a W-OH material to a ridge of a soil surface of a planting pit, wherein the spraying concentration is 5-7 vt%, and a soil infiltration layer on the ridge forms a consolidation colloid; the spraying amount is calculated according to the following formula: v = f × h × A × 1000, wherein V is the volume (L) of the W-OH solution, f is the soil porosity (%), h is the infiltration thickness (m) of the W-OH solution, and A is the area (m) to be sprayed2）。
2. The planting method for navel oranges in the collapsing area according to claim 1, wherein the flat part of the collapsing area is a terrace, an upstream water collecting area or a scouring and piling area.
3. The planting method for navel oranges in collapsed hilly areas according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the excavated planting pits is 0.8-1.2 m, the diameter of the bottom of the excavated planting pits is 0.6-1.0 m, the depth of the excavated planting pits is 0.6-0.8 m, and the side walls of the planting pits are inclined and maintain a slope of 60-85 degrees.
4. The planting method for navel oranges in the hilly area through water and fertilizer slow release and surface soil erosion resistance according to claim 1, wherein the W-OH material applied in the planting pits is diluted with water to prepare a W-OH solution with the concentration of 3 vt% -5 vt%, and the W-OH solution is sprayed by a sprayer after being fully stirred and mixed.
5. The planting method for navel oranges in collapsing hilly areas according to claim 1, wherein the W-OH material is sprayed in sequence from the first step of uniformly spraying the side walls of the planting pits to completely cover the soil on the side walls with the W-OH solution, and then the second step of spraying the bottom walls of the planting pits.
6. The planting method for navel oranges in the collapsing area according to claim 1, wherein the height of soil backfilled in the planting pits for the first time is 5-10 cm, and the trunk close to the root of the navel orange seedlings after planting leaks out of the soil surface.
7. The method for planting navel oranges in the hilly area in the manner of water and fertilizer slow release and surface soil erosion resistance according to claim 1, wherein the W-OH material applied to the ridges is diluted with water to prepare a W-OH solution with the concentration of 5 vt% -7 vt%, and the W-OH solution is sprayed by a sprayer.
8. The planting method for navel oranges in hilly fields with slow water and fertilizer release and surface soil erosion resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying of W-OH material on the bottom wall and the side wall of the planting pit and the spraying of W-OH material on the ridge of the soil surface of the planting pit are carried out, the soil in hilly fields is sandy loam, and the porosity is 40%; the infiltration thickness of W-OH is 1 cm; the spraying area of the side wall, the bottom wall and the enclosing ridge can be determined according to the size of the planting hole, and the spraying amount of the W-OH solution in the navel orange planting hole is 3-5L and the spraying amount of the W-OH solution at the earth surface enclosing ridge is 3-5L through calculation.
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