CN113613867A - 通过焊接两个组件来制备封闭有空腔的模制体的方法和用于焊接两个组件的模具 - Google Patents

通过焊接两个组件来制备封闭有空腔的模制体的方法和用于焊接两个组件的模具 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113613867A
CN113613867A CN202080023792.8A CN202080023792A CN113613867A CN 113613867 A CN113613867 A CN 113613867A CN 202080023792 A CN202080023792 A CN 202080023792A CN 113613867 A CN113613867 A CN 113613867A
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China
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channel
component
web
mould
welding
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CN202080023792.8A
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English (en)
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S·莫切夫
U·恩德曼
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/103—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined direct heating both surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2422—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical
    • B29C66/24221—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical being circular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B29C66/24243—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B29C66/24249—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a specific polygon not provided for in B29C66/24241 - B29C66/24243
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00141—Protective gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30223—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being rib-like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/326—Shaping the burr, e.g. by the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73117—Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过焊接两个组件(1a、1b)来制备封闭有空腔的模制体的方法，还涉及一种模具(5)，通过该模具可实施制备模制体的方法。本发明还涉及可通过本发明的方法获得的模制体。

Description

通过焊接两个组件来制备封闭有空腔的模制体的方法和用于 焊接两个组件的模具
本发明涉及一种通过焊接两个组件
Figure BDA0003275793340000011
(1a、1b)来制备封闭有(umschlieβt)空腔的模制体的方法，还涉及一种模具(5)，使用该模具可实施制备该模制体的方法。本发明还涉及可通过本发明的方法获得的模制体。
为制备复杂的模制体，例如中空模制体，必须将两个或多个组件彼此焊接。在现有技术中已经描述了用于此目的的各种方法。
EP 1 415 789描述了一种模具，将该模具引入至两个待连接的塑料部件之间。通过在非接触方法中使用辐射热和热惰性气流，所述模具可以加热待连接的塑料部件的待焊接区域。
EP 1 415 789中描述的方法的缺点在于气体排放孔是仅提供焊接区域的局部加热的喷嘴孔。因此不可能实现焊接区域的均匀加热。非但不能均匀加热，还可发生局部过热，使包括在塑料部件中的聚合物局部降解；同时，存在塑料部件或其中包含的聚合物未充分熔融的焊接区域，导致在这些位置形成的焊接减弱。如果待焊接的模制体还出现翘曲，则加热的不均匀性进一步增加。沿焊接区域产生的温度变化导致聚合物熔融程度的不同；这导致沿焊缝的质量变化。
WO 2017/198483公开了一种焊接模制体的方法，其中第一模制体(1a)的端部区域(2a)借助于通道(7a)通过用于引入热气体的装置(11a)熔融，并且其中第二模制体(1b)的接合表面(2b)同样借助于通道(7b)熔融，该通道(7b)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11b)，并且其中第一模制体(1a)的加热的端部区域(2a)与第二模制体(1b)的加热的接合表面(2b)连接。WO 2017/198483中描述的方法使接合表面(2a)和接合表面(2b)均匀熔融，从而通常获得均匀的焊缝。
如果使用WO 2017/198483中描述的方法来焊接具有孔的组件，该孔相邻处有连续的外表面，则获得的焊缝在某些情况下为不对称的。在某些情况下，这会导致焊缝强度降低。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种通过焊接两个组件来制备封闭有空腔的模制体的方法，该方法不具有现有技术的方法的上述缺点，或仅具有降低程度的现有技术的方法的上述缺点。另一个目的是允许尽可能简单地且以尽可能低的成本执行该方法。
所述目的通过一种通过焊接两个组件(1a、1b)来制备封闭有空腔的模制体的方法而实现，
所述方法包括步骤a)、b)、c)、d)和e)：
a)提供第一组件(1a)，其中第一组件(1a)包括连续焊接腹板(Schweiβsteg)(2a)，
b)提供包括连续通道(7a)的模具(5)，其中通道(7a)的轨迹(Verlauf)基本上对应于焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹，其中通道(7a)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11a)，并且其中模具(5)包括用于主动调节压力的装置(30a)，
c)将第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)定位于模具(5)的通道(7a)的区域中，由此在第一组件(1a)和模具(5)之间形成第一内部空间(20a)，
d)通过通道(7a)引入热气体，使得第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)熔融，并通过装置(30a)主动调节第一内部空间(20a)中的压力，和
e)使第一组件的熔融的焊接腹板(2a)与第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)接触，其中焊接腹板(2b)的轨迹基本上对应于焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹。
令人惊讶地发现，利用本发明的方法，可以实现第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)的加热更均匀，从而改善焊缝质量。在一个优选的实施方案中，上述内容也适用于第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)，其根据本发明的一个优选实施方案同样可以被更均匀地加热。更好的焊缝质量源于焊接腹板(2a)和/或焊接腹板(2b)的熔融更均匀，由此产生特别均匀的焊缝厚度，以及更好的焊缝对称性。
此外，本发明的方法有时可比现有技术中记载的方法更快地进行，从而导致比现有技术中记载的方法更短的周期时间。为了本发明的目的，表述“周期时间”意指从在步骤c)中定位第一组件(1a)和第二组件(1b)开始至在步骤e)制备封闭有空腔的模制体的时间段。
下文更详细地解释本发明。
步骤a)
在步骤a)中，提供第一组件(1a)。
根据本发明，第一组件(1a)包括连续的焊接腹板(2a)。在一个优选的实施方案中，第一组件(1a)包括由焊接腹板(2a)限定的孔。在一个优选的实施方案中，基本上连续的外表面(3a)与焊接腹板(2a)相邻。外表面(3a)在外部限定组件(1a)。
根据本发明，表述“基本上连续”意指外表面(3a)具有基于外表面(3a)的总面积计的小于10％、优选小于5％且特别优选小于2.5％的孔面积。在一个特别优选的实施方案中，外表面(3a)没有孔。第一组件(1a)的第一内部空间(20a)通过位于第一组件(1a)的内表面(4a)和焊接腹板(2a)所包围的区域之间的区域限定。图3a示例性地示出了具有焊接腹板(2a)的半球形组件(1a)的平面图。焊接腹板(2a)限定了第一组件(1a)的端部区域。
焊接腹板(2a)可以设计成本领域技术人员已知的任何形状。例如，焊接腹板(2a)可以设计为平面形、脊状、阶梯状或肋状。在一个优选的实施方案中，将焊接腹板(2a)设计为肋状，其中肋具有矩形横截面。焊接腹板(2a)的宽度通常为0.5至16mm，优选为1至10mm并且特别优选为2至8mm。
如果第一组件(1a)的端部区域的宽度为1至6mm，则第一组件(1a)的端部区域本身可以形成焊接腹板(2a)。图(3b)示例性地示出了半球形组件(1a)的透视图，其中组件(1a)的端部区域形成焊接腹板(2a)。
在一个优选的实施方案中，焊接腹板(2a)包含第一热塑性聚合物。
为了本发明的目的，表述“第一热塑性聚合物”意指恰好一种第一热塑性聚合物或者两种或更多种第一热塑性聚合物的混合物。
本领域技术人员已知的任何热塑性聚合物都适于作为第一热塑性聚合物。第一热塑性聚合物优选选自无定形热塑性聚合物和半结晶热塑性聚合物。
因此，第一热塑性聚合物例如选自聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)、聚砜(PSU)、聚醚砜(PESU)、聚苯砜(PPSU)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
因此，本发明还提供了一种方法，其中焊接腹板(2a)中包含的第一热塑性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)、聚砜(PSU)、聚醚砜(PESU)、聚苯砜(PPSU)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
第一热塑性聚合物通常具有玻璃化转变温度(TG1)。例如，第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)为50至350℃，优选为150至270℃，特别优选为170至240℃，通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定。
因此，本发明还提供一种方法，其中第一热塑性聚合物具有50至350℃的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)。
如果第一热塑性聚合物为半结晶热塑性聚合物，则第一热塑性聚合物通常还具有熔点(TM1)。例如，第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)为80至400℃，优选为140至320℃，特别优选为160至300℃，通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定。
因此，本发明还提供一种方法，其中如果第一热塑性聚合物为半结晶热塑性聚合物，则第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)为80至400℃。
第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)不仅可以包括第一热塑性聚合物，而且还可以包括其他组分。所述其他组分为本领域技术人员已知的并且例如选自填料和添加剂。
适合作为填料的材料为用于热塑性聚合物并且本领域技术人员已知的任何填料。这类填料例如选自玻璃球、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、碳纳米管和白垩。
合适的添加剂同样为本领域技术人员已知的并且例如选自抗成核剂、稳定剂、末端基团官能化剂和染料。
优选地，第一组件(1a)包含第一热塑性聚合物。特别优选地，第一组件(1a)包括与焊接腹板(2a)相同的组分。因此，如果焊接腹板(2a)不仅包括第一热塑性聚合物而且还包括其他组分，则优选第一组件(1a)同样不仅包括第一热塑性聚合物而且还包括其他组分。
第一组件(1a)可以具有本领域技术人员已知的任何形状。第一组件(1a)优选具有符合根据本发明优选的上述条件的形状。模制体优选具有壳或盒的形状，其中由焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹限定的形状以及外表面(3a)和内表面(4a)的形状可具有例如汽车结构中所需类型的复杂形状。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在步骤a)中还提供第二组件(1b)，其中第二组件(1b)包括连续的焊接腹板(2b)。上文提供的关于第一组件(1a)的说明和优选方案相应地适用于第二组件(1b)。
因此，本发明提供一种方法，其中步骤a)还包括提供第二组件(1b)，其中第二组件(1b)包括连续的焊接腹板(2b)。
提供第一组件(1a)和第二组件(2b)可通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法来实现，例如通过注塑、挤出或吹塑。图5a至5d示例性地示出了第一组件(1a)的端部区域。第二组件(1b)的端部区域可以具有相应的形状。不言而喻地，当图5a至5d所示的第一组件(1a)焊接至第二组件(1b)时，第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)的轨迹优选为第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹的镜像图。
为了本发明的目的，表述“第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)”和“焊接腹板(2a)”同义地使用并且因此具有相同的含义。这同样也适用于表述“第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)”和“焊接腹板(2b)”。为了本文的目的，这些表述同样同义地使用并且因此同样具有相同的含义。
此外，不言而喻地，焊接腹板(2a)和焊接腹板(2b)为不同的焊接腹板。在一个优选的实施方案中，焊接腹板(2a)和焊接腹板(2b)具有基本上一致的轨迹，因此两个焊接腹板(2a；2b)可以在方法步骤e)中焊接以形成焊缝。
以上也相应地适用于表述“第一组件(1a)的外表面(3a)”和“外表面(3a)”。为了本文的目的，这些表述同义使用并且因此同样具有相同的含义。为本发明的目的，表述“第二组件(1b)的外表面(3b)”和“外表面(3b)”同样同义地使用并且因此具有相同的含义。
此外，为了本发明的目的，表述“第一组件(1a)的内表面(4a)”和“内表面(4a)”同义地使用。因此，这些表述同样具有相同的含义。此外，为了本发明的目的，表述“第二组件(1b)的内表面(4b)”和“内表面(4b)”同义地使用。因此，这些表述同样具有相同的含义。
步骤b)
在步骤b)中，提供模具(5)。
在一个优选的实施方案中，步骤b)中提供的模具(5)包括第一侧面(6a)和第二侧面(6b)，其中通道(7a)布置在第一侧面(6a)上并且其中连续通道(7b)布置在第二侧面(6b)上，其中通道(7b)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11b)并且其中用于主动调节压力的装置(30b)布置在第二侧面(6b)上。
因此，本发明提供一种方法，其中步骤b)中提供的模具(5)包括第一侧面(6a)和第二侧面(6b)，其中通道(7a)布置在第一侧面(6a)上并且其中连续通道(7b)布置在第二侧面(6b)上，其中通道(7b)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11b)并且其中用于主动调节压力的装置(30b)布置在第二侧面(6b)上。
图1和图2示例性地示出了模具(5)的横截面，第一焊接体(1a)或第一组件(1a)和第二组件(1b)定位于该模具上。
适合作为用于将热气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的装置为本领域技术人员已知的并且适用于引入气体的任何装置(11a)，例如喷嘴、孔和/或槽。这同样适用于装置(11b)。
此外，模具(5)包括用于主动调节压力的装置(30a)。适合作为装置(30a)的装置(30a)为本领域技术人员已知的并且可用于主动调节压力的任何装置。合适的用于主动调节压力的装置(30a)为例如可以输送气体的泵。合适的泵为例如真空泵或喷射器或压缩机。可使用真空泵或喷射器减压；可使用压缩机增加压力。以上关于装置(30a)的说明相应地适用于装置(30b)。
在一个优选的实施方案中，装置(30a)定位于被通道(7a)的轨迹包围的区域中。优选模具(5)的第一侧面(6a)上的装置(30a)定位于通道(7a)的轨迹包围的区域中。
因此，本发明提供了一种方法，其中装置(30a)定位于由通道(7a)的轨迹包围的区域中。
在一个优选的实施方案中，装置(30b)定位于被通道(7b)的轨迹包围的区域中。在另一个优选的实施方案中，模具(5)的第二侧面(6b)上的装置(30b)定位于被通道(7b)包围的区域中。
在一个优选的实施方案中，通道(7a)的轨迹基本上对应于焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹。这意指，在焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹在模具(5)、优选在模具(5)的第一侧面(6a)上的投影中，至少80％的焊接腹板(2a)的投影面积在通道(7a)内。至少90％的焊接腹板(2a)的投影面积、特别优选至少95％的投影面积位于通道(7a)的轨迹内，最优选焊接腹板(2a)的投影全部位于通道(7a)内。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，通道(7a)的面积因此优选地大于焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹的面积(基于焊接腹板(2a)的端面计)。在该实施方案中，可以将焊接腹板(2a)引入至通道(7a)中。
上述说明和优选方案相应地适用于焊接腹板(2b)的轨迹，也适用于通道(7b)的轨迹。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中，装置(30a)包括模具(5)中的孔；真空泵和/或压缩机可通过所述孔连接至模具(5)。这同样适用于装置(30b)。
为了本发明的目的，表述“模具(5)的第一侧面(6a)”和“第一侧面(6a)”同义地使用，因此具有相同的含义。这同样也适用于表述“模具(5)的第二侧面(6b)”和“第二侧面(6b)”。为了本发明的目的，这些表述同样同义地使用并且因此同样具有相同的含义。
此外，不言而喻地，第一侧面(6a)和第二侧面(6b)是模具(5)的不同的侧面。优选地，第一侧面(6a)和第二侧面(6b)位于模具(5)的相对的侧面。
不言而喻地，通道(7a)和通道(7b)为不同的通道。这同样适用于用于引入热气体的装置(11a)和用于引入热气体的装置(11b)。这些也是不同的装置。为了本发明的目的，此外，表述“用于引入热气的装置(11a)”和“装置11(a)”同义地使用，因此具有相同的含义。这同样适用于表述“用于引入热气体的装置(11b)”和“装置(11b)”。这些表述同样同义地使用并且为了本发明的目的具有相同的含义。
此外，不言而喻地，通道入口平面(14a)和通道入口平面(14b)是不同的通道入口平面。这同样适用于用于主动调节压力的装置(30a)和用于主动调节压力的装置(30b)。这些是不同的用于主动调节压力的装置。
此外，为了本发明的目的，表述“用于主动调节压力的装置(30a)”和“装置(30a)”同义地使用并因此具有相同的含义。这同样适用于表述“用于主动调节压力的装置(30b)”和“装置(30b)”。出于本发明的目的，这些表述同样同义地使用并且因此具有相同的含义。
通道(7a)优选地布置在模具(5)的第一侧面(6a)上。此外，通道(7a)——其布置在模具(5)的第一侧面(6a)上——优选地包括用于引入热气体的装置(11a)。通道(7b)优选地布置在模具(5)的第二侧面(6b)上。此外，通道(7b)——其布置在模具(5)的第二侧面(6b)上——优选地具有用于引入热气体的装置(11b)。
通过装置(11a)和(11b)引入热气体。装置(11a)和(11b)适于加热焊接腹板(2a；2b)，以随后在步骤e)中焊接它们，优选形成焊缝。用于引入热气体的装置(11a；11b)不同于用于主动调节压力的装置(30a；30b)。用于主动调节压力的装置(30a；30b)不适用于熔融焊接腹板(2a；2b)。
步骤c)
在步骤c)中，第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)定位在模具(5)的通道(7a)的区域中。
如在图1和2中示例性地描绘的，在第一组件(1a)和模具(5)之间形成第一内部空间(20a)。优选在第一组件(1a)和模具(5)的第一侧面(6a)之间形成第一内部空间(20a)。在步骤c)的一个优选实施方案中，第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)另外定位于模具(5)的通道(7b)的区域中，由此在第二组件(1b)和模具(5)之间形成第二内部空间(20b)。优选在模具(5)的第二侧面(6b)和第二组件(1b)之间形成第二内部空间(20b)。
因此，本发明提供一种方法，其中在步骤c)中还包括将第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)定位在模具(5)的通道(7b)的区域中，从而在第二组件(1b)和模具(5)之间形成第二内部空间(20b)，并且步骤d)另外包括通过通道(7b)引入热气体，使得第二组件的焊接腹板(2b)熔融，以及通过装置(30b)主动调节第二内部空间(20b)中的压力。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在步骤c)中，焊接腹板(2a)定位于通道(7a)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2a)的面向模具(5)的端面和通道入口平面(14a)之间的距离(Xa)为在通道(7a)外部>0至3mm或在通道(7a)内部0至10mm。优选距离(Xa)为在通道内部0.5至8mm。不言而喻地，在通道(7a)内部的距离(Xa)总是小于通道(7a)的通道深度。如果距离(Xa)为在通道(7a)外部>0至3mm，则焊接腹板(2a)的位置在通道区域外部。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，在步骤c)中，焊接腹板(2b)定位在通道(7b)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2b)的面向模具(5)的端面和通道入口平面(14)之间的距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外部>0至3mm或在通道(7b)内部0至10mm。优选距离(Xb)为在通道(7b)内部0.5至8mm。
此外，上文提供的关于焊接腹板(2b)的定位的说明和优选方案相应地适用于步骤c)中焊接腹板(2b)的定位。
因此，本发明提供了一种方法，其中在步骤c)中，焊接腹板(2a)定位在通道(7a)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2a)的面向模具(5)的端面和通道入口平面(14a)之间的距离(Xa)为在通道(7a)外部>0至3mm或在通道(7a)内部0至10mm。
因此，本发明提供了一种方法，其中在步骤c)中，将焊接腹板(2b)定位在通道(7b)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2b)的面向模具(5)的端面和通道入口平面(14b)之间的距离(Xb)为在通道(7b)外部>0至3mm或在通道(7b)内部0至10mm。
焊接腹板(2a、2b)在通道(7a、7b)的区域中的优选定位在图6a和6b中以示例的方式示出。在图6a中，焊接腹板(2a)的端面定位于通道(7a)内。同样描绘了焊接腹板(2a)的端面与通道入口平面(14a)的距离(Xa)。在图6b中，焊接腹板(2a)的端面的位置在通道(7a)外部，因此在通道入口平面(14a)上方。
步骤d)
在步骤d)中，通过装置(11a)将热气体引入通道(7a)中。在此步骤中，加热第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)，并且包含在焊接腹板(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物熔融。
为了于本发明的目的，表述“热气体”意指或者恰好一种热气体或者两种或多种热气体的混合物。
不言而喻地，在步骤d)中也可加热围绕焊接腹板(2a)的区域。当焊接腹板(2a)设计成线性形状、脊状或肋状时尤其如此。
在该实施方案中，优选第一组件(1a)包含第一热塑性聚合物，然后包含在围绕焊接腹板(2a)的区域中的第一热塑性聚合物也熔融。
可通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法将热气体引入至用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)。
适合作为热气体的气体为本领域技术人员已知的任何气体。此类气体例如选自CO2、N2和空气。
因此，本发明还提供一种方法，其中在步骤d)中引入的热气体选自CO2、N2和空气。
为了本发明的目的，术语“空气”意指地球大气的气体混合物。这是本领域技术人员已知的。
热气体可以通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法加热。例如，其可通过热交换器加热。此外，例如，如果热气体是CO2，则热气体通过燃烧烃现场产生，并且因此是热的。
热气体的温度为例如100至600℃，优选为250至500℃，并且特别优选为300至500℃。
因此，本发明还提供了一种方法，其中在步骤d)中引入的热气体的温度为100℃至600℃。
不言而喻地，在步骤d)中引入的热气体的温度基于用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的出口的热气体，即基于通道(7a)中的热气体的温度。
在步骤d)中，可将第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)加热至任何期望的温度(T1a)。该温度(T1a)通常低于焊接腹板(2a)中包含的第一热塑性聚合物的分解温度。如果第一热塑性聚合物为无定形热塑性聚合物，优选在步骤d)中将第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)加热至的温度(T1a)高于包含在焊接腹板(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)，并且如果第一热塑性聚合物为半结晶热塑性聚合物，则高于包含在焊接腹板(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)。
因此，本发明还提供一种方法，其中在步骤d)中，如果第一热塑性聚合物为无定形热塑性聚合物，第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)的温度升高至的温度(T1a)高于包含在焊接腹板(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)，并且如果第一热塑性聚合物为半结晶热塑性聚合物，则高于包含在焊接腹板(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)。
例如，如果第一热塑性聚合物为无定形热塑性聚合物，第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)的温度升高至的温度(T1a)比包含在焊接腹板(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)高0至300℃、优选30至250℃、特别优选60至200℃，并且如果第一热塑性聚合物为半结晶热塑性聚合物，则比包含在焊接腹板(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)高0至300℃、优选30至250℃并且特别优选60至200℃。
因此，本发明还提供一种方法，其中在步骤d)中，如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物，第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)的温度升高至的温度(T1a)比包含在焊接腹板(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)高0至300℃，如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物，则比包含在焊接腹板(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)高0至300℃。
例如，第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)的温度升高至100至500℃的温度(T1a)。
因此，本发明还提供一种方法，其中在步骤d)中，第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)的温度升高至100至500℃的温度(T1a)。
第一热塑性聚合物在步骤d)中熔融或软化。
为了本发明的目的，与第一热塑性聚合物相关以及与第二热塑性聚合物相关的表述“熔融或软化”意指第一热塑性聚合物或第二热塑性聚合物为可塑性变形的，优选可流动的。
第一内部空间(20a)中的压力在步骤d)中通过装置(30a)主动调节。主动调节压力可在步骤d)的整个期间内进行。换言之，这意指主动调节压力在通过通道(7a)引入热气体的同时进行。在该实施方案中，只要通过通道(7a)引入热气体，就进行压力的主动调节。该实施方案为优选的。
此外，在通过通道(7a)引入热气体的整个期间内，不进行主动调节压力。因此，例如可以最开始通过通道(7a)引入热气体，然后在一定的时间延迟(即，在开始引入热气体之后的时刻)后开始主动调节压力。
在一个优选的实施方案中，气体通过装置(30a)和/或装置(30b)从第一内部空间(20a)和/或第二内部空间(20b)排出。优选通过泵送排出或抽吸排出将气体主动排出。这优选在步骤d)期间进行。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，通过装置(30a)和/或装置(30b)将气体引入第一内部空间(20a)和/或第二内部空间(20b)。优选通过注射或泵送主动引入所述空间。这优选在方法步骤d)期间进行。
在方法步骤d)期间，通过通道(7a)引入热气体。在不进行本发明的主动压力调节的情况下，这导致第一内部空间(20a)中的内部压力(pI)高于外部压力(pA)。由于内部压力(pI)高于外部压力(pA)，在方法步骤d)期间不进行主动压力调节的情况下，流过焊接腹板(2a)的背离第一内部空间(20a)的一侧的热气体的量大于流过焊接腹板(2a)的面向第一内部空间(20a)的一侧的量。因此，焊接腹板(2a)的背离第一内部空间(20a)的一侧比焊接腹板(2a)的面向第一内部空间(20a)的一侧被更大程度地加热。以上也相应地适用于第二焊接腹板(2b)的加热。
在不进行本发明的压力调节的情况下，在方法步骤e)中，当焊接腹板(2a)、(2b)接触时，不同的熔融程度导致焊缝不对称。在方法步骤d)中，如果第一内部空间(20a)中的内部压力(pI)大于外部压力(pA)，则获得不对称的焊缝。在方法步骤d)中，较高的内部压力(pI)产生相对于第一内部空间(20a)向外弯曲的焊缝。
根据本发明，由于通过装置(30a)的主动压力调节，方法步骤d)可以且优选地以这样的方式进行：使得在第一内部空间(30a)中内部压力(pI)和外部压力(pA)基本上平衡。优选内部压力(pI)和外部压力(pA)之间的压力差为至多50％，优选至多30％，更优选至多10％，特别优选至多5％。因此获得了图7和图8中示例性地描绘的对称焊缝类型。
在一个实施方案中，因此，内部压力(pI)高于外部压力(pA)的程度为至多50％，优选至多30％，更优选至多10％，特别优选至多5％。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，内部压力(pI)低于外部压力(pA)的最大程度为至多50％，优选至多30％，更优选至多10％，特别优选至多5％。
由于主动压力调节，因此根据本发明可以实现对焊缝对称性的主动影响。
在一个优选的实施方案中，以产生对称焊缝的方式进行压力的主动调节。
因此，本发明提供一种方法，其中通过装置(30a)和/或装置(30b)从第一内部空间(20a)和/或第二内部空间(20b)排出气体。
在另一个实施方案中，可以以这样的方式通过主动增加相对于外部压力(pA)的内部压力(pI)来控制焊缝的对称性，使得焊缝在背离第一内部空间(20a)的一侧具有焊道(Wulst)。为此，在方法步骤d)中优选将内部压力(pI)调节为比外部压力高至少10％，优选至少30％，且特别优选至少50％。
因此，本发明提供一种方法，其中通过装置(30a)和/或装置(30b)将气体引入第一内部空间(20a)和/或第二内部空间(20b)。
在另一个实施方案中，焊缝的对称性以这样的方式进行控制：使得其在面向第一内部空间(20a)的一侧具有焊道。为此，在方法步骤d)中优选将内部压力(pI)调节为比外部压力低至少10％，优选至少30％，且特别优选至少50％。
以上提供的关于焊接腹板(2a)的熔融和通过装置(30a)主动调节第一内部空间(20a)中的压力的说明和优选方案相应地适用于根据本发明优选的实施方案，其中在步骤d)中还熔融第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)，其中通过装置(30b)主动调节第二内部空间(20b)中的压力。
步骤e)
在步骤e)中，使熔融的第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)与第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)接触，其中焊接腹板(2b)的轨迹基本上对应于焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹。在一个优选的实施方案中，焊接腹板(2b)的轨迹是焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹的镜像。
本文中，表述“接触”意指第一组件(1a)的加热的焊接腹板(2a)和第二组件(1b)的加热的焊接腹板(2b)的物理接触。
第一组件(1a)的加热的焊接腹板(2a)可以在压力下与第二组件(1b)的加热的焊接腹板(2b)接触，使得第一组件(1a)的加热的焊接腹板(2a)的和第二组件(1b)的加热的焊接腹板(2b)相互压靠。为此目的的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
例如，第一组件(1a)的加热的焊接腹板(2a)与第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)接触时的压力为0.1至10MPa，优选为0.5至6MPa。
将加热的焊接腹板(2a)与加热的焊接腹板(2b)接触导致包含在焊接腹板(2a、2b)中的热塑性聚合物接合(verbinden)。在加热的焊接腹板(2a、2b)接触之后，将其冷却，从而产生焊接接合产物。表述“加热的焊接腹板(2a、2b)”和“熔融的焊接腹板(2a、2b)”和“软化的焊接腹板(2a、2b)”在此同义使用。
在步骤e)中，第一组件(1a)的加热的焊接腹板(2a)和第二组件(1b)的加热焊的焊接腹板(2b)的冷却可以通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法来实现。例如，可以在空气中实现冷却。
在步骤e)中，在第一组件(1a)和第二组件(1b)之间形成焊缝。焊缝的位置在第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)和第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)最初存在的区域内。
焊缝为本领域技术人员已知的。
第一组件(1a)和第二组件(1b)之间的焊缝厚度为例如20至1000μm，优选为30至400μm，最优选为30至300μm，通过显微照片确定。
因此，本发明还提供一种方法，其中在步骤e)中在第一组件(1a)和第二组件(1b)之间形成的焊缝的厚度为20至1000μm。
因此，封闭有空腔的模制体在步骤e)中获得。这种模制体具有特别均匀的焊缝和良好的机械性能。空腔由第一内部空间(20a)和第二内部空间(20b)形成。
因此，本发明提供了一种封闭有空腔的模制体，其可通过本发明的方法获得。
模具(5)
本发明还提供在方法步骤b)中提供的模具(5)。以上提供的关于方法的说明和优选方案同样相应地适用于模具(5)。
根据本发明，优选用于焊接两个组件(1a、1b)的模具(5)，其包括连续通道(7a)，其中通道(7a)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11a)，并且其中可将第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)定位于通道(7a)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹基本上对应于通道(7a)的轨迹，其中可在第一组件(1a)和模具(5)之间形成第一内部空间(20a)，并且其中模具(5)包括用于主动调节压力的装置(30a)。
因此，本发明提供一种用于焊接两个组件(1a、1b)的模具(5)，其包括连续通道(7a)，其中通道(7a)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11a)，并且其中第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)可定位于通道(7a)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹基本上对应于通道(7a)的轨迹，其中可在第一组件(1a)和模具(5)之间形成第一内部空间(20a)，并且其中模具(5)包括用于主动调节压力的装置(30a)。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中，用于主动调节压力的装置(30a)位于由通道(7a)的轨迹包围的区域中。
因此，本发明提供一种模具(5)，其中装置(30a)位于由通道(7a)的轨迹包围的区域中。
特别优选模具(5)，其包括第一侧面(6a)和第二侧面(6b)，其中通道(7a)布置在第一侧面(6a)上，并且其中模具(5)包括连续通道(7b)，其中通道(7b)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11b)，并且其中第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)可定位在通道(7b)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2b)的轨迹基本上对应于通道(7b)的轨迹，其中可在第二组件(1b)和模具(5)之间形成第二内部空间(20b)，并且其中模具(5)包括用于主动调节压力的装置(30b)，并且其中通道(7b)布置在模具(5)的第二侧面(6b)上。
因此，本发明提供一种模具(5)，其包括第一侧面(6a)和第二侧面(6b)，其中通道(7a)布置在第一侧面(6a)上，并且其中模具(5)包括连续通道(7b)，其中通道(7b)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11b)，并且其中第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)可定位于通道(7b)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2b)的轨迹基本上对应于通道(7b)的轨迹，其中可在第二组件(1b)和模具(5)之间形成第二内部空间(20b)，并且其中模具(5)包括用于主动调节压力的装置(30b)，并且其中通道(7b)布置在模具(5)的第二侧面(6b)上。
特别优选模具(5)，其中装置(30b)定位于由通道(7b)的轨迹包围的区域中。
因此，本发明提供一种模具(5)，其中装置(30b)位于由通道(7b)的轨迹包围的区域中。
因此，本发明提供一种方法，其中装置(30a)定位在第一组件(1a)中和/或装置(30b)定位在第二组件(1b)中。
附图标记列表
1a 第一组件
1b 第二组件
2a 第一组件1a的焊接腹板
2b 第二组件1b的焊接腹板
3a 第一组件1a的外表面
3b 第二组件1b的外表面
4a 第一组件1a的内表面
4b 第二组件1b的内表面
5 模具
6a 模具5的第一侧面
6b 模具5的第二侧面
7a 通道
7b 通道
11a 用于引入热气体的装置
11b 用于引入热气体的装置
14a 通道入口平面
14b 通道入口平面
20a 第一内部空间
20b 第二内部空间
30a 用于主动调节压力的装置
30b 用于主动调节压力的装置
Xa 距离

Claims (15)

1.一种通过焊接两个组件(1a、1b)制备封闭有空腔的模制体的方法，
所述方法包括步骤a)、b)、c)、d)和e)：
a)提供第一组件(1a)，其中第一组件(1a)包括连续的焊接腹板(2a)，
b)提供包括连续的通道(7a)的模具(5)，其中通道(7a)的轨迹基本上对应于焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹，其中通道(7a)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11a)，并且其中模具(5)包括用于主动调节压力的装置(30a)，
c)将第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)定位于模具(5)的通道(7a)的区域中，由此在第一组件(1a)和模具(5)之间形成第一内部空间(20a)，
d)通过通道(7a)引入热气体，使得第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)熔融，并通过装置(30a)主动调节第一内部空间(20a)中的压力，和
e)使第一组件的熔融焊接腹板(2a)与第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)接触，其中焊接腹板(2b)的轨迹基本上对应于焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述装置(30a)位于由通道(7a)的轨迹包围的区域中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中步骤a)还包括提供第二组件(1b)，其中第二组件(1b)包括连续的焊接腹板(2b)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤b)中提供的模具(5)包括第一侧面(6a)和第二侧面(6b)，其中通道(7a)布置在第一侧面(6a)上，并且其中连续的通道(7b)布置在第二侧面(6b)上，其中通道(7b)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11b)，并且其中用于主动调节压力的装置(30b)布置在第二侧面(6b)上。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其中步骤c)还包括将第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)定位于模具(5)的通道(7b)的区域中，由此在第二组件(1b)和模具(5)之间形成第二内部空间(20b)，并且步骤d)还包括通过通道(7b)引入热气体，使得第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)熔融，以及通过装置(30b)主动调节第二内部空间(20b)中的压力。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其中通过装置(30a)和/或装置(30b)从第一内部空间(20a)和/或第二内部空间(20b)排出气体。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其中通过装置(30a)和/或装置(30b)将气体引入第一内部空间(20a)和/或第二内部空间(20b)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤c)中，焊接腹板(2a)位于通道(7a)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2a)的面向模具(5)的端面与通道入口平面(14a)之间的距离(Xa)为在通道(7a)外部>0至3mm或在通道(7a)内部0至10mm。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤c)中，焊接腹板(2b)位于通道(7b)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2b)面向模具(5)的端面与通道入口平面(14b)之间的距离(Xb)为在通道(7b)外部>0至3mm或在通道(7b)内部0至10mm。
10.一种封闭有空腔的模制体，其可通过根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法获得。
11.一种用于焊接两个组件(1a、1b)的模具(5)，所述模具包括连续的通道(7a)，其中所述通道(7a)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11a)，并且其中第一组件(1a)的焊接腹板(2a)可定位于通道(7a)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2a)的轨迹基本上对应于通道(7a)的轨迹，其中在第一组件(1a)和模具(5)之间可形成第一内部空间(20a)，并且其中所述模具(5)包括用于主动调节压力的装置(30a)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的模具(5)，其中所述装置(30a)定位于由所述通道(7a)的轨迹包围的区域中。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的模具(5)，其中所述模具包括第一侧面(6a)和第二侧面(6b)，其中所述通道(7a)布置在第一侧面(6a)上，并且其中模具(5)包括连续的通道(7b)，其中所述通道(7b)包括用于引入热气体的装置(11b)，并且其中所述第二组件(1b)的焊接腹板(2b)可定位于所述通道(7b)的区域中，其中焊接腹板(2b)的轨迹基本上对应于通道(7b)的轨迹，其中在第二组件(1b)和模具(5)之间可形成第二内部空间(20b)，其中所述模具(5)包括用于主动调节压力的装置(30b)，并且其中通道(7b)布置在模具(5)的第二侧面(6b)上。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的模具(5)，其中所述装置(30b)定位于由所述通道(7b)的轨迹包围的区域中。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述装置(30a)定位于所述第一组件(1a)中和/或所述装置(30b)定位于所述第二组件(1b)中。
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