CN113600168B - 低so2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
低so2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及选择性催化还原催化剂技术领域,尤其是涉及一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂及其制备方法和应用。将锐钛矿型TiO2浸渍在磷酸二氢铵水溶液或磷酸水溶液中,搅拌后烘干、煅烧,制得粉末A;向锐钛矿型TiO2的水溶液中,加入酸,搅拌后烘干、煅烧,制得粉末B;将粉末A或粉末B浸渍在钒源以及钼源或钨源的混合溶液中,搅拌后,烘干、煅烧,制得粉末C;将镍源溶液和铈源溶液混合超声,加入尿素和碳纳米管继续超声,晶化,制得粉末D;将粉末C、粉末D与助剂混炼均匀形成膏料,经挤出、烘干、煅烧后,制得所述蜂窝式脱硝催化剂。本发明在保障催化剂脱硝活性的同时,有效提升催化剂的抗SO2性能,延长催化剂运行寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及选择性催化还原催化剂技术领域,尤其是涉及一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
选择性催化还原(SCR)技术目前已经广泛应用于燃煤电厂、非电行业等烟气治理中,该技术可将烟气中的氮氧化物(NOx)还原为无害的N2和H2O。工业脱硝催化剂以钒钛系为主,按结构可分为蜂窝式、平板式和波纹板式三种。蜂窝式催化剂由于其比表面积大,活性高等优点,得到了广泛的应用。在烟气温度较低时,烟气中的SO3易形成硫酸氢铵造成催化剂的堵塞,使得催化剂失活,满足不了超低排放的要求。因此,需要进一步开发低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂。
针对低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂,目前已有多种技术在本领域公开。然而,现有的低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂,仍然存在脱硝效率低、催化剂运行寿命短、抗SO2性能低、SO2转化率低等缺点。
鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂,在保持催化剂脱硝活性、较低SO2转化率的同时,有效提升催化剂的抗SO2性能,延长催化剂运行寿命,本发明还提供一种其制备方法和应用。
本发明提供一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)将粉末A或粉末B浸渍在钒源以及钼源或钨源的混合溶液中,搅拌后,烘干、煅烧,制得粉末C;
其中:粉末A的制备方法包括:将锐钛矿型TiO2浸渍在磷酸二氢铵水溶液或磷酸水溶液中,搅拌后,烘干、煅烧,制得粉末A;
粉末B的制备方法包括:向锐钛矿型TiO2的水溶液中,加入酸,搅拌后,烘干、煅烧,制得粉末B;
(2)将镍源溶液和铈源溶液混合超声,加入尿素和碳纳米管继续超声,晶化,制得粉末D;
(3)将粉末C、粉末D与助剂混炼均匀形成膏料,经挤出、烘干、煅烧后,制得所述蜂窝式脱硝催化剂。
在本发明所述的制备方法中,通过控制钒源、钼源、钨源、镍源、铈源的用量来控制蜂窝式脱硝催化剂中V2O5、MoO3、WO3、NiO、CeO的含量,优选地,控制蜂窝式脱硝催化剂中V2O5的质量百分数为0.3-3%,WO3或MoO3的质量百分数为0.5-10%,NiO的质量百分数为0.5-5%,CeO的质量百分数为1-10%。具有上述含量的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的脱硝性能优异。
优选地,粉末A的制备方法中,磷酸二氢铵水溶液的浓度为0.1%-2.5%,磷酸水溶液的浓度为0.1%-2.5%;
粉末B的制备方法中:酸包含盐酸、硫酸或磷酸中的一种,酸的加入量为锐钛矿型TiO2总质量的0.1%-2.5%。
优选地,步骤(1)中煅烧时间均为在空气氛围中煅烧,煅烧温度为400-550℃,煅烧时间为1-3h;步骤(3)中煅烧温度为400-600℃,煅烧时间为1-12h。
步骤(1)中钒源以及钼源或钨源的混合溶液可以是钒源和钼源的混合溶液、钒源和钨源的混合溶液中的一种。
优选地,步骤(1)中钒源为偏钒酸铵,钼源七钼酸铵,钨源为偏钨酸铵;步骤(2)中镍源为Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,铈源为Ce(NO3)3·6H2O。镍源溶液中NiO含量与铈源溶液中CeO2含量的质量比更优选在1:1-1:10内。
优选地,步骤(2)中镍源和铈源总质量、尿素、碳纳米管的质量比为1:3-5:1-5,镍源质量是以镍源溶液中镍源的质量计,铈源质量是以铈源溶液中铈源的质量计;步骤(2)中晶化为:在氮气氛围下,在聚四氟乙烯高压水热合成釜中晶化,晶化温度为80-160℃,晶化时间为6-24h;本发明采用水热合成法制备骨架含Ni、Ce的碳纳米管,通过调控镍源和铈源、尿素、碳纳米骨架的质量,控制晶化时间和温度,实现对金属元素在碳纳米管骨架和表面的分布的调控,能够在保障催化剂脱硝活性的同时,有效提升催化剂的抗SO2性能。
优选地,步骤(3)中助剂为成型助剂、玻璃纤维、去离子水中的一种或多种;成型助剂优选为二氧化硅、活性氧化铝、二氧化硅与硼酸的混合粉体、硅藻土中的一种。成型助剂、玻璃纤维、去离子水的添加量没有特别要求,采用本领域常规用量即可。
本发明还提供一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂,按照上述制备方法制备得到。
本发明还提供一种上述低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂在烟气脱硝中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明采用水热合成法制备骨架含Ni、Ce的碳纳米管,添加尿素作为碱源,与盐溶液(镍源溶液和铈源溶液)沉淀,碳纳米管作为载体,让晶核在碳纳米管上生长,在保障催化剂脱硝活性的同时,有效提升催化剂的抗SO2性能。
(2)本发明采用钒钛基催化剂和碳纳米管基催化剂混合、成型的方式,制备蜂窝式脱硝催化剂,制备工艺简单,且可充分发挥引入酸的钒钛基催化剂的脱硝活性和碳纳米管基催化剂的抗SO2性能,实现蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的活性和抗SO2性能。
(3)本发明在粉末A中添加磷酸二氢铵或磷酸、在粉末B中添加酸,均可以增加催化剂的酸性位点,增加活性组分在载体上的分布。利用碳纳米管的优良孔道结构,碳纳米管经酸表面修饰后具有酸性,可以实现催化反应过程中对碱性金属元素的吸附,从而减少碱性金属元素对催化剂活性组分的毒化作用,达到延长催化剂运行寿命的效果。
(4)本发明制备得到的催化剂具有低SO2转化率,相比只有钒钼或钒钨的催化剂转化率下降50%以上。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)将锐钛矿型TiO2浸渍在磷酸二氢铵的水溶液中,磷酸二氢铵的水溶液的浓度为0.5%,充分搅拌后,烘干,空气气氛中,在400℃煅烧3h,制得粉末A;
(2)将粉末A浸渍在偏钒酸铵和七钼酸铵的水溶液中,充分搅拌后,烘干,空气中,在400℃煅烧3h,制得粉末C;
(3)将Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O溶解、超声,加入尿素和碳纳米管继续超声,Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O总质量、尿素、碳纳米管的质量比为1:3:2;在氮气氛围下在聚四氟乙烯高压水热合成釜中在120℃晶化12h,制得粉末D;
(4)将粉末C、粉末D与成型助剂活性氧化铝、玻璃纤维、去离子水,混炼均匀形成膏料,经挤出、烘干,在400℃煅烧12h后,制得低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂。
实施例1制备得到的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂中V2O5的质量百分数为1%,MoO3的质量百分数分别为4%,NiO的质量百分数为4%,CeO的质量百分数为12%。
实施例2
一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)向锐钛矿型TiO2的水溶液中,加入盐酸,酸的加入量为锐钛矿型TiO2总质量的0.1%,搅拌均匀后,烘干,在空气中,在400℃煅烧3h,制得粉末B;
(2)将粉末B浸渍在偏钒酸铵和偏钨酸铵的水溶液中,充分搅拌后,烘干,空气中,在400℃煅烧3h,制得粉末C;
(3)将Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O溶解、超声,加入尿素和碳纳米管继续超声,Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O总质量、尿素、碳纳米管的质量比为1:5:5;在氮气氛围下在聚四氟乙烯高压水热合成釜中晶化,晶化温度为100℃,晶化时间为20h,制得粉末D;
(4)将粉末C、粉末D与成型助剂硅藻土、玻璃纤维、去离子水,混炼均匀形成膏料,经挤出、烘干,在400℃煅烧12h后,制得低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂。
蜂窝式脱硝催化剂中V2O5的质量百分数为1%,WO3质量百分数为4%,NiO的质量百分数为2%,CeO的质量百分数为8%。
实施例3
一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)将锐钛矿型TiO2浸渍在磷酸二氢铵的水溶液中,磷酸二氢铵的水溶液的浓度为2.5%,充分搅拌后,烘干,空气气氛中,在550℃煅烧1h,制得粉末A;
(2)将粉末A浸渍在偏钒酸铵和偏钨酸铵的水溶液中,充分搅拌后,烘干,空气中,在550℃煅烧1h,制得粉末C;
(3)将Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O溶解、超声,加入尿素和碳纳米管继续超声,Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O总质量、尿素、碳纳米管的质量比为1:4:4;在氮气氛围下在聚四氟乙烯高压水热合成釜中晶化,晶化温度为150℃,晶化时间为10h,制得粉末D;
(4)将粉末C、粉末D与成型助剂二氧化硅、玻璃纤维、去离子水,混炼均匀形成膏料,经挤出、烘干,在600℃煅烧2h后,制得低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂。
蜂窝式脱硝催化剂中V2O5的质量百分数为1%,WO3的质量百分数分别为4%,NiO的质量百分数为5%,CeO的质量百分数为5%。
实施例4
一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)向锐钛矿型TiO2的水溶液中,加入磷酸,酸的加入量为锐钛矿型TiO2总质量的2.5%,搅拌均匀后,烘干,在空气中,在550℃煅烧1h,制得粉末B;
(2)将粉末B浸渍在偏钒酸铵和偏钨酸铵的水溶液中,充分搅拌后,烘干,空气中,在550℃煅烧1h,制得粉末C;
(3)将Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O溶解、超声,加入尿素和碳纳米管继续超声,Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O总质量、尿素、碳纳米管的质量比为1:4:2;在氮气氛围下在聚四氟乙烯高压水热合成釜中晶化,晶化温度为100℃,晶化时间为22h,制得粉末D;
(4)将粉末C、粉末D与成型助剂硅藻土、玻璃纤维、去离子水,混炼均匀形成膏料,经挤出、烘干,在600℃煅烧2h后,制得低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂。
蜂窝式脱硝催化剂中V2O5的质量百分数为1%,WO3的质量百分数分别为4%,NiO的质量百分数为1%,CeO的质量百分数为8%。
对比例1
一种蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,制备方法与实施例1相同,唯一不同在于:不加尿素和碳纳米管。
对比例2
一种蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,制备方法与实施例1相同,唯一不同在于:省略步骤(1),直接将锐钛矿型TiO2浸渍在偏钒酸铵和七钼酸铵的水溶液中,充分搅拌后,烘干,空气中,在400℃煅烧3h,制得粉末C。
对比例3
一种蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,制备方法与实施例2相同,唯一不同在于:省略步骤(1),直接将锐钛矿型TiO2浸渍在偏钒酸铵和偏钨酸铵的水溶液中,充分搅拌后,烘干,空气中,在400℃煅烧3h,制得粉末C。
测试:
测试1:对上述实施例和对比例中制备的脱硝催化剂进行脱硝性能测试。测试条件:测试温度250℃、300℃、350℃、400℃,NH3浓度500ppm,NH3/NO=1,SO2浓度500ppm,H2O浓度8%,GHSV=120000h-1。
不同催化剂的脱硝效率如表1所示。采用本发明方法制备的催化剂,在250~450℃温度区间内脱硝效率较高,脱硝性能优良,催化剂运行寿命长。
表1 不同脱硝催化剂的脱硝效率表
测试2:对上述对比例和实施例中制备的脱硝催化剂进行SO2转化率测试,根据通入的SO2的差值来计算二氧化硫转化率,不同催化剂的SO2转化率如下表:
表2 不同脱硝催化剂的SO2转化率表
样品 | SO2转化率(%) |
实施例1 | 1.0 |
实施例2 | 1.3 |
实施例3 | 1.1 |
实施例4 | 1.2 |
对比例1 | 2.6 |
对比例2 | 2.0 |
对比例3 | 2.1 |
测试3:对上述对比例和实施例中制备的脱硝催化剂进行抗中毒性能测试,向各催化剂上分别负载1%的K2O,再按测试1中的测试条件,在350℃进行测试。不同催化剂的脱硝效率如表3所示。
表3 不同脱硝催化剂的脱硝效率表
样品 | 脱硝效率(%) |
实施例1 | 75% |
实施例2 | 72% |
实施例3 | 73% |
实施例4 | 71% |
对比例1 | 45% |
对比例2 | 52% |
对比例3 | 54% |
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
(1) 将粉末A或粉末B浸渍在钒源以及钼源或钨源的混合溶液中,搅拌后,烘干、煅烧,制得粉末C;
其中:粉末A的制备方法包括:将锐钛矿型TiO2浸渍在磷酸二氢铵水溶液或磷酸水溶液中,搅拌后,烘干、煅烧,制得粉末A;
粉末B的制备方法包括:向锐钛矿型TiO2的水溶液中,加入酸,搅拌后,烘干、煅烧,制得粉末B;
(2) 将镍源溶液和铈源溶液混合超声,加入尿素和碳纳米管继续超声,晶化,制得粉末D;
(3) 将粉末C、粉末D与助剂混炼均匀形成膏料,经挤出、烘干、煅烧后,制得所述蜂窝式脱硝催化剂;
控制蜂窝式脱硝催化剂中V2O5的质量百分数为0.3-3%,WO3或MoO3的质量百分数为0.5-10%,NiO的质量百分数为0.5-5%,CeO的质量百分数为1-10%;
粉末A的制备方法中,磷酸二氢铵水溶液的浓度为0.1%-2.5%,磷酸水溶液的浓度为0.1%-2.5%;
粉末B的制备方法中:酸包含盐酸、硫酸或磷酸中的一种,酸的加入量为锐钛矿型TiO2总质量的0.1%-2.5%;
步骤(1)中钒源为偏钒酸铵,钼源为七钼酸铵,钨源为偏钨酸铵;步骤(2)中镍源为Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,铈源为Ce(NO3)3·6H2O;
步骤(2)中镍源和铈源总质量、尿素、碳纳米管的质量比为1:3-5:1-5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中煅烧时间均为在空气氛围中煅烧,煅烧温度为400-550℃,煅烧时间为1-3h;步骤(3)中煅烧温度为400-600℃,煅烧时间为1-12h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中晶化为:在氮气氛围下,在聚四氟乙烯高压水热合成釜中晶化,晶化温度为80-160℃,晶化时间为6-24 h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中助剂为成型助剂、玻璃纤维、去离子水中的一种或多种;成型助剂为二氧化硅、活性氧化铝、二氧化硅与硼酸的混合粉体、硅藻土中的一种。
5.一种低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂,其特征在于:按照权利要求1-4任一所述的制备方法制备得到。
6.一种权利要求5所述的低SO2转化率的蜂窝式脱硝催化剂在烟气脱硝中的应用。
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