CN113599364A - 一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法。本发明以左金丸为原型,以左金提取物浸膏粉末为原料,以具有胶体性质和对胃粘膜有显著吸附的果胶为主要辅料,采用湿法制粒填充法制备了左金果胶胶囊并优化其处方,使胶囊具有良好的缓释效果,使药效更加持久,对胃刺激性更小。本发明能保护胃粘液中粘多糖的含量,从而增强对胃粘膜的保护作用。该胶囊制备工艺简单,易于产业化,且对乙醇所诱导的胃溃疡具有显著的保护作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制药技术领域,尤其涉及一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法。
背景技术
胃溃疡是一种发生在胃部的溃疡疾病,是临床常见且十分危险的消化系统疾病之一,全世界有4%的人口受其影响,近10%的人在生命的某个阶段曾患过胃溃疡。该病具有病程长、并发症发生率高、复发率高的特点,严重影响患者的生活质量。其中酒精所致急性胃溃疡已经成为我国临床胃溃疡发病的主要原因之一,过量酒精可导致胃粘膜损伤、胃粘膜血管内皮细胞凋亡。目前,多采用药物控制的方案缓解胃溃疡患者的临床症状。
左金丸出自《丹溪心法·卷一》,以黄连和吴茱萸按质量比6:1组成,为朱丹溪名方之一。左金丸具有清肝泻火、降逆止呕的功效,是中医以反佐法组方的经典方剂,主要用于肝火犯胃型急慢性胃炎、反流性食管炎、功能性胃肠疾病、慢性萎缩性胃炎、消化道溃疡等的治疗。传统左金丸以药材打粉水泛丸,服药频繁,且对胃肠道有一定的刺激性,研究发现该刺激性可能是黄连本身的苦寒效应所导致。
目前市售的左金片与左金片胶囊是在传统左金丸的基础上仅添加稀释剂后包薄膜衣或填充胶囊掩饰苦味而制得,虽对避免了黄连对胃的直接刺激,使刺激性有一定的缓解,但仍不能避免由于胃排空效应所导致的用药频繁。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明公开了一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法。为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、制备左金提取物浸膏粉末
S1-1、制作黄连浸膏液
将黄连以8倍量60%乙醇回流提取,提取液旋转蒸发挥干乙醇及部分水分,得到黄连浸膏液;
S1-2、制作吴茱萸浸膏液
将吴茱萸以12倍量85%乙醇回流提取,提取液旋转蒸发挥干乙醇及部分水分,得到吴茱萸浸膏液;
S1-3、合并黄连、吴茱萸浸膏液
将黄连浸膏液和吴茱萸浸膏液分别进行鼓风烘干得到黄连干浸膏和吴茱萸干浸膏,粉碎,然后将粉碎后的粉末混合均匀;
S2、制备左金果胶胶囊
取木糖醇,以等量递加法加入果胶;然后等量递加法加入可溶性淀粉与糊精,制得辅料;再次取S1-3中所得混合粉末,以等量递加法加入辅料中,以70%乙醇为湿润剂制备软材,制粒,烘干,装胶囊。
作为改进,S1-1步骤中所述黄连的乙醇回流提取工艺重复三次,每次90min。
作为改进,S1-2步骤中所述吴茱萸的乙醇回流提取工艺重复三次,每次60min。
作为改进,S1-3步骤中所述粉碎后的黄连干浸膏和吴茱萸干浸膏的质量比为6:1。
作为改进,所述S2步骤使用一号筛制粒,烘干后取一号筛到四号筛之间的颗粒装胶囊。
作为改进,S2中每粒所述胶囊的规格为0.36g。
作为改进,S2中所述胶囊内药物颗粒的果胶含量为45%,可溶性淀粉含量为12%,糊精含量为27%,木糖醇含量为1%。
采用上述技术方案,具有的有益效果如下:
本发明公开了一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法。本发明以左金丸为原型,以左金提取物浸膏粉末为原料,以具有胶体性质和对胃粘膜有显著吸附的果胶为主要辅料,采用湿法制粒填充法制备了左金果胶胶囊并优化其处方,使胶囊具有良好的缓释效果,使药效更加持久,对胃刺激性更小。本发明能保护胃粘液中粘多糖的含量,从而增强对胃粘膜的保护作用。该胶囊制备工艺简单,易于产业化,且对乙醇所诱导的胃溃疡具有显著的保护作用。
附图说明
图1为胶囊内颗粒盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的累积释放曲线;
图2为各组大鼠胃组织照片;
图3为各组大鼠胃组织HE染色的显微观察结果(×200);
图4为各组大鼠胃组织PAS染色的显微观察结果(×400)。
图3中,箭头标记为壁细胞变性坏死,三角标记位置为淋巴细胞,正方形标记位置为中性粒细胞,圆形标记位置为血管充血扩张。
图4中,箭头标记为PAS阳性表达。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细和具体的介绍,以使更好的理解本发明,但是下述实施例并不限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
本实施例公开了一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、制备左金提取物浸膏粉末
S1-1、制作黄连浸膏液
将黄连以8倍量60%乙醇回流提取,重复三次,每次90min,提取液旋转蒸发挥干乙醇及部分水分,得到黄连浸膏液;
S1-2、制作吴茱萸浸膏液
将吴茱萸以12倍量85%乙醇回流提取,重复三次,每次60min,提取液旋转蒸发挥干乙醇及部分水分,得到吴茱萸浸膏液;
S1-3、合并黄连、吴茱萸浸膏液
将黄连浸膏液和吴茱萸浸膏液分别进行鼓风烘干得到黄连干浸膏和吴茱萸干浸膏,粉碎,然后将粉碎后的粉末按照黄连、吴茱萸质量比6:1的比例混合均匀;
S2、制备左金果胶胶囊
取木糖醇,以等量递加法加入果胶;然后等量递加法加入可溶性淀粉与糊精,制得辅料;再次取S1-3中所得混合粉末,以等量递加法加入辅料中,以70%乙醇为湿润剂制备软材,使用一号筛制粒,烘干后取一号筛到四号筛之间的颗粒装胶囊,胶囊规格每粒0.36g,胶囊内药物颗粒的果胶含量为45%,可溶性淀粉含量为12%,糊精含量为27%,木糖醇含量为1%。
本发明对实施例1的方案进行了验证试验:
一、胶囊内药物颗粒成型性、吸湿性和流动性测试
1.试验设计
以果胶含量(A)、可溶性淀粉含量(B)、糊精含量(C)为考察因素,以胶囊剂中颗粒的成型性、吸湿性、流动性为考察指标,设计L9(33)正交试验。
2.考察指标权重
成型性30%、吸湿性30%、流动性40%,即成型性得分=30×成型率(%)、吸湿性得分=30-(30×吸湿率%)、流动性得分=40-(40×tanα),总分为上述三者得分之和,最高为100分。
3.测定方法
3.1成形性
按照2020年《中国药典》(四部)粒度和粒度分布测定法中的双筛分法进行测定。本研究所用药筛为一号筛在上、五号筛在下组成的双筛。称取制备好的颗粒10g,置于1号筛上,保持水平过筛,左右往返,边筛边轻叩3min。收集能通过1号筛但不能通过5号筛的颗粒,称质量。按下式计算颗粒的成型率:成型率(%)=(通过一号筛而不能通过五号筛的颗粒的质量/样品颗粒总质量)×100%。
3.2吸湿性
取一定量的颗粒于60℃烘箱中干燥至恒质量,通过测量48h吸湿率考察各组颗粒的吸湿性。取底部盛有氯化钠过饱和溶液的玻璃干燥器,放入25℃恒温培养箱内恒温24h,此时干燥器内的相对湿度为75.3%。取已干燥恒质量的称量瓶,分别称取各组样品约1g,精密称定称量瓶与样品质量和M1,敞口放置于上述玻璃干燥器中。48h时取出,精密称定称量瓶与样品质量和M2。按下式计算颗粒的吸湿率:吸湿率=(M2-M1)/M1×100%。
3.3流动性
以休止角来表征颗粒的流动性。休止角的测定采用固定漏斗法,即将3只漏斗串联并固定于水平放置的坐标纸上1cm的高度处,漏斗下口距坐标纸的距离计为H,小心地将过筛后的颗粒沿漏斗壁倒入最上面的漏斗中,直到最下面漏斗颗粒的圆锥体尖端接触到漏斗口为止,由坐标纸测出圆锥体底部的半径R,计算出休止角α(休止角tanα=H/R)。重复测定3次,计算其平均值。
4.试验结果
表1因素与水平表
表2正交试验考察结果
表3正交试验方差分析结果
由表2、表3结果可知,该正交试验的最优处方为A3B2C3,即果胶含量为45%、可溶性淀粉含量为12%、糊精含量为27%。且由显著性与R值可以判断,影响左金果胶胶囊处方综合评分的主次因素为B>C>A,其中因素B对综合评分有显著性影响(P<0.05)。
二、胶囊的体外释放试验
根据2020版《中国药典》(四部)通则0931溶出度与释放度测定法第一法(篮法)进行测定,释放介质为0.1mol/L的盐酸水溶液,转速为120r/min,待释放介质温度恒定在(37±0.5)℃后。,分别在0.5、1、2、4、8、12h时取样10mL,并及时补充相同体积与温度的溶出介质。将吸取出的溶液过0.22μm微孔滤膜,取续滤液,用HPLC法测定其有效成分含量,并计算其累积释放度。
表4盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的释放数据拟合情况
注:Q为t时刻指标成分的累计释放率
如图1和表4所示,结果表明左金果胶胶囊中盐酸巴马汀与盐酸小檗碱的体外释放均具有良好的缓释效果,释放行为稳定,且均符合零级释放行为。
三、胶囊对酒精所致大鼠急性胃溃疡的保护作用考察
1.分组、给药与造模
将48只SD大鼠适应性饲养1周后,按随机区组法随机分为8组,分别为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组(胶体果胶铋,395mg/kg)、左金果胶胶囊辅料组(对应高剂量左金果胶胶囊中所含的辅料量,155mg/kg)、左金提取物浸膏粉末组(对应高剂量左金果胶胶囊中所含的浸膏量,61.3mg/kg)和左金果胶胶囊内容物低、中、高剂量组(54、108、216mg/kg),每组6只。阳性药物组与左金果胶胶囊内容物组给药剂量设置为相应药物临床剂量经人鼠换算而来。正常对照组和模型对照组大鼠灌胃生理盐水,其余各组大鼠分别灌胃相应药物(均以生理盐水为溶剂,给药体积均为3mL,每天给药1次,连续给药7d。第6天给药后,禁食不禁水24h;在给药第7天时,除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠均于末次给药后2h灌胃75%乙醇(15mL/kg)制备胃溃疡模型。
2.胃溃疡指数及胃溃疡抑制率的考察
在第7天灌胃75%乙醇溶液1h后,将大鼠与乙醚饱和棉球共置于干燥器内2~5min麻醉,脱颈椎处死,立即取出其胃组织,并沿胃大弯切开,用冷盐水冲洗胃内残留物,然后将胃平铺于平板上,滤纸吸干水渍,用定距相机观察胃粘膜损伤情况。采用Image-Pro Plu6.0软件计算大鼠胃出血性溃疡面积与胃总面积,然后计算其胃溃疡指数(胃溃疡指数=溃疡面积/胃总面积×100%)和溃疡抑制率[溃疡抑制率=模型对照组溃疡面积-给药组大鼠溃疡面积/模型对照组溃疡面积×100%]。所得数据采用软件SPSS 16.0进行统计学处理,各组数据资料以表示,当资料满足正态分布且方差齐时,采用单因素方差分析进行分析;如不满足上述条件则采用非参数检验进行组间比较分析。检验水准α=0.05。各组大鼠的胃组织照片见图2,胃溃疡指数和胃溃疡抑制率测定结果见表5。
注:与正常对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与模型对照组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;与胶体果胶铋组比较,△P<0.05,△△P<0.01。
由图2与表5可知,与正常对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠胃粘膜表面发生了明显的条状充血肿胀,胃粘膜有明显损伤,胃溃疡指数显著升高(P<0.01);与模型对照组比较,各给药组大鼠的胃粘膜损伤均有不同程度降低,胃溃疡指数和胃溃疡抑制率均显著降低(P<0.01)。其中左金果胶胶囊内容物高剂量组的胃溃疡抑制率约为76.63%,而左金果胶胶囊辅料组与左金提取物浸膏粉末组的胃溃疡抑制率分别约为37.35%与61.91%,这表明左金果胶胶囊较高的抗胃溃疡药效是由其左金提取物浸膏粉与辅料协同作用完成。与阳性对照组比较,左金果胶胶囊内容物高剂量组的胃溃疡抑制率无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明高剂量情况下的左金果胶胶囊内容物已经达到了与阳性药物相似的胃溃疡保护作用。
3.胃组织病理学观察
将各组大鼠胃组织置于4%多聚甲醛中固定24h,然后按常规方法进行石蜡切片制备、二甲苯脱蜡、乙醇梯度脱水后,进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,再常规脱水、透明、树脂封片后,于显微镜下观察各组大鼠胃组织的病理学变化。组织的腺体部分用PAS染色,PAS染色切片操作同HE染色,切片后依次进行水洗、高碘酸氧化液浸泡、Schiff液染色、苏木素复染、盐酸乙醇分化,再常规脱水、透明、树脂封片后,于显微镜下观察各组大鼠胃上皮中总糖蛋白(包括粘蛋白)的变化。各组大鼠胃组织HE染色的显微图见图3,PAS染色的显微图见图4。
HE染色结果显示:与正常对照组比较,模型对照组经乙醇诱导后可导致胃粘膜严重出血性糜烂,粘膜下层水肿,炎细胞浸润,粘膜上皮细胞丢失。与模型对照组比较,各给药组对大鼠胃粘膜均有保护作用,细胞溶解和出血灶较少;其中左金果胶胶囊内容物高剂量组显示仅有少量的浅表病变,表明该剂量下的左金果胶胶囊能有效的保护胃黏膜。PAS染色结果显示:与正常对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠胃组织的PAS阳性染色强度降低。PAS染色结果显示:与正常对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠胃组织的PAS阳性染色强度降低,与模型对照组比较,各给药组大鼠胃组织PAS阳性染色强度呈现不同程度增加,表明各给药组大鼠胃黏液中粘多糖的含量相较于模型对照组均有所增加。左金果胶胶囊内容物高剂量组的大鼠胃组织PAS阳性染色强度要强于阳性对照组,说明左金果胶胶囊的粘多糖的保护作用要强于胶体果胶铋。
以上对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述,这种描述没有限制性,上述实施例中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一,实际的结构并不局限于此。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示,在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下,不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、制备左金提取物浸膏粉末
S1-1、制作黄连浸膏液
将黄连以8倍量60%乙醇回流提取,提取液旋转蒸发挥干乙醇及部分水分,得到黄连浸膏液;
S1-2、制作吴茱萸浸膏液
将吴茱萸以12倍量85%乙醇回流提取,提取液旋转蒸发挥干乙醇及部分水分,得到吴茱萸浸膏液;
S1-3、合并黄连、吴茱萸浸膏液
将黄连浸膏液和吴茱萸浸膏液分别进行鼓风烘干得到黄连干浸膏和吴茱萸干浸膏,粉碎,然后将粉碎后的粉末混合均匀;
S2、制备左金果胶胶囊
取木糖醇,以等量递加法加入果胶;然后等量递加法加入可溶性淀粉与糊精,制得辅料;再次取S1-3中所得混合粉末,以等量递加法加入辅料中,以70%乙醇为湿润剂制备软材,制粒,烘干,装胶囊。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法,其特征在于,S1-1步骤中所述黄连的乙醇回流提取工艺重复三次,每次90min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法,其特征在于,S1-2步骤中所述吴茱萸的乙醇回流提取工艺重复三次,每次60min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法,其特征在于,S1-3步骤中所述粉碎后的黄连干浸膏和吴茱萸干浸膏的质量比为6:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法,其特征在于,所述S2步骤使用一号筛制粒,烘干后取一号筛到四号筛之间的颗粒装胶囊。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法,其特征在于,S2中每粒所述胶囊的规格为0.36g。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种左金果胶胶囊的制作方法,其特征在于,S2中所述胶囊内药物颗粒的果胶含量为45%,可溶性淀粉含量为12%,糊精含量为27%,木糖醇含量为1%。
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