CN113598405B - Intelligent full-chain intensive cigar tobacco fermentation system - Google Patents
Intelligent full-chain intensive cigar tobacco fermentation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113598405B CN113598405B CN202110864982.9A CN202110864982A CN113598405B CN 113598405 B CN113598405 B CN 113598405B CN 202110864982 A CN202110864982 A CN 202110864982A CN 113598405 B CN113598405 B CN 113598405B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/16—Classifying or aligning leaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent full-chain intensive cigar tobacco fermentation system, and belongs to the technical field of cigar tobacco fermentation. According to the invention, aiming at the whole chain treatment link of cigar tobacco fermentation, different functional areas and corresponding facility equipment are designed, and finally, a set of whole chain intensive cigar tobacco fermentation room is formed, so that the accurate regulation and control of environmental conditions are realized, and the working efficiency of tobacco fermentation treatment is obviously improved. Meanwhile, according to the planting area, tobacco yield and processing capacity of cigar tobacco, the practical space area required by each functional area is reasonably calculated, fermentation environment control and information monitoring systems are configured in a fermentation room, a sorting room and a humidity control room, so that real-time monitoring and acquisition of temperature and humidity and image data of each functional area are realized, intelligent and accurate fermentation of cigar tobacco is realized, and the fermentation quality of cigar tobacco is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an intelligent full-chain intensive cigar tobacco fermentation system, and belongs to the technical field of cigar tobacco fermentation.
Background
The cigar tobacco fermentation refers to the general term of the whole process and method for accelerating the aging process, shortening the aging time, improving the sucking quality and the processing performance of the prepared cigar tobacco under the human intervention and meeting the processing requirements of factories. The tobacco leaves dried in the cigar raw material producing area are called raw tobacco or raw tobacco, and the appearance quality has the defects of obvious cyan, poor toughness, easy breakage and the like; the internal quality of the cigar has the defects of different degrees, such as heavy green miscellaneous gas, large irritation, rough smoke, insufficient smoke and flavor, and even bad feelings of bitter, spicy, astringent and the like, does not meet the requirements of industrial rolled cigars, and needs to be subjected to proper fermentation treatment. By fermentation, the cyan color is lightened to different degrees so as to be eliminated, the color is changed to dark, and the leaf color tends to be uniform; the green smell and the miscellaneous smell of the tobacco are obviously reduced or even eliminated, the pleasant tobacco fragrance such as aroma and the like is obviously exposed, the taste tends to be mellow, and the irritation, the bitter taste and the strength are correspondingly reduced; the combustibility is enhanced, the smoldering and fire holding capacity is enhanced, and the ash grey level is obviously whitened; the moisture absorption rate and the moisture release rate of the tobacco leaf are reduced, and the stability of the water content is enhanced; the tobacco leaves become soft, the elasticity is enhanced, and the tobacco leaves are not easy to break; the self-heating and self-tide ability of tobacco leaves is reduced, and the capability of resisting mould infection is enhanced. Cigar fermentation is largely divided into natural fermentation and artificial fermentation. The natural fermentation needs longer time, occupies larger room area, has slower turnover of tobacco leaves and has low economic benefit. As the quality of the tobacco leaves by artificial fermentation is equivalent to that of the tobacco leaves by natural fermentation, the method has the advantages of short fermentation period, controllable quality, low cost and the like. Therefore, cigar tobacco processing enterprises mostly adopt a method of manually fermenting tobacco. Cigar tobacco fermentation is not an independent link, and comprises the processes of insecticidal storage, humidification and reduction, moisture balance, stacking, sorting and grading, humidity control, packaging and the like of tobacco. Therefore, the artificial fermentation needs a controllable fermentation environment and a plurality of functional rooms for full-flow fermentation treatment. Because domestic cigar tobacco leaf development and research start later, domestic research on cigar fermentation facilities is quite few, and no professional cigar fermentation facilities exist basically, and a plurality of cigar production areas are used as cigar tobacco leaf fermentation rooms after fermentation procedures are carried out in original airing rooms or simple modification is carried out by using the existing warehouses or crude rooms, so that the requirements of domestic high-quality cigar tobacco leaf fermentation processes are difficult to meet. At present, cigar tobacco fermentation houses have the following main problems: (1) the fermentation room is simple and the fermentation environment condition is uncontrollable; (2) a non-intelligent monitoring system; (3) Complete-chain-free fermentation supporting facility equipment is not formed, and a set of intensive functional areas with complete-flow fermented tobacco leaves are not formed; (4) The functional partition of the fermentation room is not clear, and most of the fermentation rooms are multipurpose; (5) Space utilization efficiency is low, and the corresponding relation between the fermentation treatment capacity and the area required by the functional area of each link is not reasonably calculated; (6) The domestic fermentation supporting facilities and equipment do not form a unified standard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent intensive fermentation system capable of meeting the full-flow cigar tobacco fermentation, which can realize intelligent control of cigar tobacco fermentation conditions and improve the efficiency and quality of cigar tobacco fermentation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an intelligent full-chain intensive cigar leaf fermentation system comprises the following functional areas:
the insecticidal room is used for carrying out insecticidal treatment on cigar tobacco leaves;
a tobacco store for storing the insecticidal treated cigar tobacco;
tobacco leaf conditioning room for conditioning cigar tobacco leaves after insecticidal treatment;
the moisture balancing chamber is used for carrying out moisture balancing treatment on the cigar tobacco leaves subjected to the moisture regaining treatment;
a fermentation room for fermenting cigar tobacco leaves subjected to the moisture balance treatment;
the sorting classification room is used for sorting the fermented cigar tobacco leaves;
the humidity control room is used for controlling the humidity of the sorted cigar tobacco leaves;
the packaging and boxing room is used for packaging the cigar tobacco leaves subjected to humidity control;
fermentation environment control and information monitoring systems are arranged in the moisture balance room, the fermentation room, the sorting classification room and the humidity control room, the humiture of the moisture balance room, the fermentation room, the sorting classification room and the humidity control room is monitored and regulated in real time, the humiture is controlled in a set range, and meanwhile, the field pictures in the fermentation room are collected in real time;
and (3) placing cigar tobacco leaves after insecticidal treatment into a tobacco leaf storage warehouse for storage, taking out part of tobacco leaves from the tobacco leaves in batches, sequentially performing moisture regaining, moisture balancing and fermentation treatment, sorting and controlling the humidity of the fermented tobacco leaves, and packaging and boxing for later use.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a material room for storing related matched materials and a monitoring room for receiving data acquired by the fermentation environment control and information monitoring system and displaying and processing the data.
Further, the fermentation environment control and information monitoring system is specifically configured to:
a temperature and humidity monitoring device and a humidifying device are arranged in the water balancing chamber;
a temperature and humidity monitoring device, a temperature and humidity regulating device and video monitoring equipment are arranged in the fermentation room, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the stack during cigar tobacco fermentation;
a temperature and humidity monitoring device and a temperature and humidity adjusting device are arranged in the sorting classification room;
a temperature and humidity monitoring device and a temperature and humidity regulating device are arranged in the humidity control room;
all the humidity monitoring devices, the temperature and humidity adjusting devices and the video monitoring equipment in the functional areas are connected with a control center in the monitoring room, and the control center processes received data and sends out corresponding instructions to realize real-time temperature and humidity monitoring and adjustment of the functional areas so as to ensure that the temperature and humidity of the functional areas are kept within a set range.
Further, the control center receives temperature and humidity data transmitted by the moisture balance chamber, the fermentation chamber, the sorting classification chamber and the humidity control chamber respectively, when the temperature and humidity value is lower than a set minimum value, the corresponding temperature and humidity regulating device is started to raise the temperature and humidity value to a set range, and when the temperature and humidity value is higher than a set maximum value, the corresponding temperature and humidity regulating device is started to lower the temperature and humidity value to the set range.
Further, the temperature and humidity adjusting device in the fermentation room comprises heating equipment, an exhaust fan and a humidifier; the temperature and humidity adjusting device in the sorting classification room comprises a movable humidifier and an ultrasonic humidifier, and the ultrasonic humidifier is connected with the soft water treatment system.
Further, when the control center monitors that the temperature and the humidity in the fermentation room are not within a preset range, the control center controls a temperature and humidity adjusting device in the fermentation room to adjust the temperature and the humidity to be within the preset range in a linkage way, and when the control center monitors that the temperature in the cigar tobacco stacks is higher than a threshold value during fermentation, the control center turns over the cigar tobacco stacks, and continues to monitor until the fermentation is completed; when the control center monitors that the temperature and the humidity in the sorting classification room are not in the preset range, the control center controls the temperature and humidity adjusting device in the sorting classification room to adjust the temperature and humidity to the preset range in a linkage mode.
Further, the actual area of the functional area is determined according to the planting area of cigar tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaf yield and the processing capacity.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The invention designs different functional areas and configures corresponding facility equipment aiming at the whole chain processing link of cigar tobacco fermentation, and finally forms a set of whole chain intensive cigar tobacco fermentation room, thereby obviously improving the working efficiency of tobacco fermentation processing.
(2) According to the invention, corresponding equipment is reasonably configured according to the environmental requirements of different functional areas when tobacco leaves are treated, so that the accurate regulation and control of environmental conditions are realized, and the treatment and processing quality of cigar tobacco leaves before fermentation is ensured.
(3) According to the invention, the actual space area required by each functional area is reasonably calculated according to the planting area of cigar tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaf yield and the processing capacity, and the efficient utilization of space and human resources is realized.
(4) According to the invention, the fermentation environment control and information monitoring systems are configured in the fermentation room, the sorting room and the humidity control room, so that the real-time monitoring and acquisition of the temperature, humidity and image data of each functional area are realized, the intelligent and accurate fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves is realized, and the fermentation quality of cigar tobacco leaves is effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the functional area dividing map of the invention;
fig. 2: the flow chart of the invention;
fig. 3: the structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention is schematically shown.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described and illustrated in the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, an intelligent full-chain intensive cigar leaf fermentation system comprises the following functional areas: the insecticidal room is used for carrying out insecticidal treatment on cigar tobacco leaves; a tobacco store for storing the insecticidal treated cigar tobacco; tobacco leaf conditioning room for conditioning cigar tobacco leaves after insecticidal treatment; the moisture balancing chamber is used for carrying out moisture balancing treatment on the cigar tobacco leaves subjected to the moisture regaining treatment; a fermentation room for fermenting cigar tobacco leaves subjected to the moisture balance treatment; the sorting classification room is used for sorting the fermented cigar tobacco leaves; the humidity control room is used for controlling the humidity of the sorted cigar tobacco leaves; the packaging and boxing room is used for packaging the cigar tobacco leaves after humidity control and also comprises a material room for storing related matched materials and a monitoring room for receiving and displaying and processing data acquired by the fermentation environment control and information monitoring system.
The fermentation environment control and information monitoring system is arranged in the moisture balance room, the fermentation room, the sorting classification room and the humidity control room, the humiture of the moisture balance room, the fermentation room, the sorting classification room and the humidity control room is monitored and regulated in real time, the humiture is controlled in a set range, the field pictures in the fermentation room are collected in real time, and the collected data are transmitted to the control center of the monitoring room for unified processing.
As shown in fig. 2, the specific process of fermenting cigar tobacco leaves by using the system is as follows: the cigar tobacco is placed into a tobacco storage warehouse for storage after insecticidal treatment, part of tobacco is taken out from the tobacco storage warehouse in batches for moisture regaining, moisture balancing and fermentation treatment, the tobacco after fermentation is sorted, moisture controlled and packaged for later use, wherein a control center realizes temperature and humidity regulation and control of moisture balancing, fermentation, sorting and moisture control stages by controlling a fermentation environment control and information monitoring system. The fermentation environment control and information monitoring system is mainly characterized in that corresponding temperature and humidity monitoring devices and temperature and humidity adjusting devices are arranged in a moisture balance room, a fermentation room, a sorting classification room and a humidity control room. After receiving the data acquired by the temperature and humidity monitoring device in real time, the control center gives out corresponding instructions to realize temperature and humidity regulation of each functional area through the temperature and humidity regulating device so as to ensure that the temperature and humidity of each functional area is in a proper range.
The present embodiment is a cigar tobacco planting and processing area, the planting area is 6000 mu, and the cigar tobacco planting and processing area is planned according to the system in embodiment 1, and the cigar tobacco planting and processing area comprises 10 functional areas in total, namely an insecticidal room, a tobacco storage warehouse, a tobacco conditioning room, a moisture balancing room, a fermentation room, a sorting and grading room, a humidity control room, a packaging and boxing room, a material room and a monitoring room. The required area (building layer height is 4.5 m), construction requirement, water and electricity requirement, matched facility equipment and corresponding treatment schemes of the 10 functional areas are shown in table 1:
table 1 example 1 full chain intensive cigar leaf agricultural fermentation house set of equipment standards
As shown in table 1, the present embodiment determines the actual area of each functional area according to the planting area, tobacco yield and processing capacity of cigar tobacco, integrates the procedures involved in cigar tobacco fermentation, regulates and controls in real time to ensure the stability of the process conditions, improves the cigar tobacco fermentation efficiency and ensures the quality of the cigar tobacco after fermentation.
As shown in table 1 and fig. 3: setting corresponding infrastructures in each functional area to realize corresponding functions, and setting a temperature and humidity monitor and a camera in the fermentation room in the embodiment, wherein the temperature and humidity regulating device comprises heating equipment, a powerful electric fan, a humidifier and a movable steam generator, and the humidifying equipment is respectively communicated with each fermentation room through communicated pipelines to realize synchronous regulation and control; the temperature and humidity adjusting device in the sorting classification room comprises a powerful exhaust fan, a movable humidifier and an ultrasonic humidifier, wherein the ultrasonic humidifier is connected with the soft water treatment system, and the regulation and control are realized through linkage of a multistage device.
The temperature and humidity range in each area is set according to the specific condition of cigar tobacco fermentation, proper condition values are set for different fermentation positions, the position setting of a temperature and humidity monitoring device in each area is based on the condition that the internal operation is not affected, the top center of a room is preferably set, a thermometer in a stack is placed in a reactor core during fermentation, when the control center monitors that the temperature and humidity in the fermentation room are not in a preset range, the control center controls the temperature and humidity adjusting device in the fermentation room to adjust the temperature and humidity to the preset range in a linkage manner, when the control center monitors that the temperature in the cigar tobacco stack is higher than a threshold value during fermentation, the cigar tobacco stack is overturned and stacked again, and the temperature and humidity monitoring is continuously monitored until the fermentation is completed; when the control center monitors that the temperature and the humidity in the sorting classification room are not in the preset range, the control center controls the temperature and humidity adjusting device in the sorting classification room to adjust the temperature and humidity to the preset range in a linkage mode. The control mode is the same for the moisture balance chamber and the humidity control chamber, when the temperature and humidity value received by the control center is lower than the set minimum value, the corresponding temperature and humidity regulating device is started to raise the temperature and humidity value to the set range, and when the temperature and humidity value is higher than the set maximum value, the corresponding temperature and humidity regulating device is started to lower the temperature and humidity value to the set range. Independent monitoring to each region is realized through the control center, remote control can be realized simultaneously, and the operation is more convenient.
Example 2: in this embodiment, the tobacco planting area is 1100 mu, and the whole embodiment sets the matched agricultural fermentation room into 10 areas of the insecticidal room, the tobacco storage room, the tobacco conditioning room, the moisture balancing room, the fermentation room, the sorting classification room, the humidity control room, the packing and boxing room, the material room and the monitoring room according to the planting area of cigar tobacco, the tobacco yield and the processing capacity, and the area (building layer height is 4.5 m) of each area, the matched facilities and the working contents which are specifically required to be carried out are shown in table 2.
Table 2 example 2 full chain intensive cigar leaf agricultural fermentation house set of equipment standards
Example 3: in this embodiment, the planting area of tobacco leaves is 500 mu, and the whole embodiment sets the matched agricultural fermentation room into 10 areas of a pest killing room, a tobacco leaf storage room, a tobacco leaf conditioning room, a moisture balancing room, a fermentation room, a sorting classification room, a humidity control room, a packing and boxing room, a material room and a monitoring room according to the planting area of cigar tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaf yield and the processing capacity, and the area (building layer height is 4.5 m) of each area, matched facilities and working contents which are specifically required to be carried out are shown in table 3.
Table 3 example 3 full chain intensive cigar leaf agricultural fermentation house set of equipment standards
The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An intelligent full-chain intensive cigar leaf fermentation system is characterized by comprising the following functional areas:
the insecticidal room is used for carrying out insecticidal treatment on cigar tobacco leaves;
a tobacco store for storing the insecticidal treated cigar tobacco;
tobacco leaf conditioning room for conditioning cigar tobacco leaves after insecticidal treatment;
the moisture balancing chamber is used for carrying out moisture balancing treatment on the cigar tobacco leaves subjected to the moisture regaining treatment;
a fermentation room for fermenting cigar tobacco leaves subjected to the moisture balance treatment;
the sorting classification room is used for sorting the fermented cigar tobacco leaves;
the humidity control room is used for controlling the humidity of the sorted cigar tobacco leaves;
the packaging and boxing room is used for packaging the cigar tobacco leaves subjected to humidity control;
fermentation environment control and information monitoring systems are arranged in the moisture balance room, the fermentation room, the sorting classification room and the humidity control room, the humiture of the moisture balance room, the fermentation room, the sorting classification room and the humidity control room is monitored and regulated in real time, the humiture is controlled in a set range, and meanwhile, the field pictures in the fermentation room are collected in real time;
the cigar tobacco leaves are placed into a tobacco leaf storage warehouse for storage after being subjected to insecticidal treatment, part of tobacco leaves are taken out from the tobacco leaf storage warehouse in batches, and are sequentially subjected to moisture regain, moisture balance and fermentation treatment, and the tobacco leaves after fermentation are sorted, controlled in moisture and packaged for later use;
the fermentation environment control and information monitoring system is specifically set as follows:
a temperature and humidity monitoring device and a humidifying device are arranged in the water balancing chamber;
a temperature and humidity monitoring device, a temperature and humidity regulating device and video monitoring equipment are arranged in the fermentation room, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the stack during cigar tobacco fermentation;
a temperature and humidity monitoring device and a temperature and humidity adjusting device are arranged in the sorting classification room;
a temperature and humidity monitoring device and a temperature and humidity regulating device are arranged in the humidity control room;
all the humidity monitoring devices, the temperature and humidity adjusting devices and the video monitoring equipment in the functional areas are connected with a control center in the monitoring room, and the control center processes the received data and sends out corresponding instructions to realize real-time temperature and humidity monitoring and adjustment of each functional area so as to ensure that the temperature and humidity of each functional area are kept within a set range;
the control center receives temperature and humidity data transmitted by the water balancing chamber, the fermentation chamber, the sorting classifying chamber and the humidity control chamber respectively, when the temperature and humidity value is lower than a set minimum value, the corresponding temperature and humidity regulating device is started to raise the temperature and humidity value to a set range, and when the temperature and humidity value is higher than a set maximum value, the corresponding temperature and humidity regulating device is started to lower the temperature and humidity value to the set range;
the temperature and humidity regulating device in the fermentation room comprises heating equipment, an exhaust fan and a humidifier; the temperature and humidity adjusting device in the sorting classification room comprises a mobile humidifier and an ultrasonic humidifier, and the ultrasonic humidifier is connected with the soft water treatment system;
when the control center monitors that the temperature and the humidity in the fermentation room are not in a preset range, the control center controls a temperature and humidity regulating device in the fermentation room to regulate the temperature and the humidity to be in the preset range in a linkage way, and when the control center monitors that the temperature in the cigar tobacco stacking is higher than a threshold value during fermentation, the control center turns over a stack, and continues to monitor until the fermentation is completed; when the control center monitors that the temperature and the humidity in the sorting classification room are not in the preset range, the control center controls the temperature and humidity adjusting device in the sorting classification room to adjust the temperature and humidity to the preset range in a linkage mode.
2. The intelligent full-chain intensive cigar leaf fermentation system of claim 1, further comprising a material house for storing related mating materials and a monitoring room for receiving data collected by the fermentation environment control and information monitoring system and displaying and processing the data.
3. The intelligent full-chain intensive cigar leaf fermentation system of claim 1, wherein the actual area of the functional zone is determined based on the area of planting cigar leaves, the yield of leaves and the throughput.
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| CN110679995A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-01-14 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar tobacco four-stage fermentation method |
| CN112515233B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-12 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method of madurao cigar coat |
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