CN113598171B - Melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling agent and application thereof - Google Patents

Melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling agent and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113598171B
CN113598171B CN202110997918.8A CN202110997918A CN113598171B CN 113598171 B CN113598171 B CN 113598171B CN 202110997918 A CN202110997918 A CN 202110997918A CN 113598171 B CN113598171 B CN 113598171B
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methionine
fruit
fruits
melon
vegetables
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CN113598171A (en
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高文瑞
王显生
孙艳军
徐刚
韩冰
冯伟民
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling agent and application thereof. The application of methionine in promoting the enlargement of fruits and vegetables and improving the quality of the fruits and vegetables. A melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling agent contains methionine 2-200mg/L as effective component; preferably, methionine is used as an active ingredient in an amount of 2-200 mg/L. The invention uses single biochemical reagent methionine to promote the growth and development of melon and fruit vegetable plants under weak light, and promote the expansion of fruits under weak light. And the content of soluble solids in the methionine treated fruits is obviously increased, the content of titratable acid is obviously reduced, and the quality of the fruits is obviously improved. Because methionine itself is amino acid in plants, the methionine is pollution-free, nontoxic and harmless to human body, and can be applied to green production of melons and fruits and vegetables in early spring and late autumn. The method is simple to operate, and has stable and remarkable effect of promoting fruit expansion and obvious synergy.

Description

Melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling agent and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biochemical reagent application, and particularly relates to a melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling agent and application thereof.
Background
Melon and fruit vegetables are light-loving crops, and weak light stress is often encountered in facility cultivation in early spring and autumn, so that the growth and development of fruits are seriously influenced, especially the fruits of the melon and fruit vegetables are difficult to expand under weak light, the yield and quality of the fruits of the melon and fruit vegetables are seriously influenced, and the income of farmers is further influenced. Weak light has become one of the important environmental factors for success of protected cultivation of melons and fruits in early spring and autumn.
The problem that melon and fruit vegetables cannot be normally enlarged under weak light in the current production is often solved by using a fruit swelling agent. The 'expanding agent' belongs to one of plant growth regulators. The forchlorfenuron (commonly called as an expanding agent and Daguoling) belongs to phenyl urea derivatives, is a plant growth regulator with the function of promoting cell division, has the same action mechanism as cytokinin (6-BA), has 10-100 times higher activity, and is widely applied to agricultural production. The main effect is to promote cell division and expansion, and also has great promotion effect on organ formation and protein synthesis, so that the compound can be widely applied to various crops. Study ofIt shows that when the watermelon is flowering, the 0.1% chlorpyrimide soluble liquor is smeared on the melon handle, so that it can stimulate growth, obviously raise fruit setting rate of watermelon, raise yield, at the same time can raise the sugar content and vitamin C content of watermelon [1] . In recent years, negative reports on the use of the expanding agent are endless, and excessive use of the expanding agent affects the food safety of the fruits and vegetables, and meanwhile, the fruits and vegetables are easy to crack. Although it can not regulate the growth and development of human body, it is also an artificially synthesized compound with certain toxicity, and long-term excessive contact with forchlorfenuron can cause disturbance of protein metabolism in vivo, mild emphysema and emaciation. Thus, consumer-forbidden bulking agents are increasingly calling for more intense.
Amino acids are well known purely natural biological promoters which have a positive effect on plant growth, yield and can significantly reduce damage caused by abiotic stress. The application of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is the supplement and extension of soil fertilization, promotes the three-dimensional process of fertilization, strengthens the nutrition regulation capability of plants, is a low-cost and high-benefit measure, can rapidly supplement plant nutrition, improves the fertilizer utilization rate, can promote stable nutrient metabolism in plants, enhances the stress resistance of crops, improves the yield and the quality, reduces the fixed loss of soil to nutrients, and is an effective way for increasing the income and saving the cost. However, most of the amino acid fertilizers are used in production. The report of the application of single amino acid in production is very few, and the report of the application of exogenous amino acid to fruit enlargement under weak light is even more few.
Research has shown that methionine can provide sulfur and nitrogen to plants. Methionine metabolism begins with its activation as S-adenosylmethionine, a very versatile cofactor that plays a role in many other aspects of methyl transfer, 5' -deoxyadenosine transfer, polyamine synthesis, and plant ethylene synthesis [2] . Secondly, it also plays an important role in maintaining the protein structure required for cell division, cell growth and differentiation. In addition, L-methionine can expand its ability to convert to polyamines by entering the hormonal structure [3] Thereby allowing nitrogen to move between the cells and the organ [4] 。
L-methionine as a source of carbon and energy for improving photosynthesis in plants [5] Simultaneously participate in biosynthesis of cytokinin, brassinosteroids and auxin, and promote root growth; allowing plants to absorb more nutrients [6-7] And promote growth and development of root hair at optimum level [8] At the same time, spermidine and gibberellin [6,9] Plant growth regulator and a number of secondary metabolites [9] Is a precursor of (a).
However, it is not reported whether methionine can promote enlargement of fruits and vegetables under weak light.
Reference is made to:
[1] dietary intake risk assessment of forchlorfenuron residue in fruits and vegetables [ J ]. Chinese agricultural science 2012, 45 (10): 1982-1991.
[2].Brosnan J.T.,Brosnan M.E.The sulfur-containing amino acids:an overview.J.Nutr.,2006,136:1636S-1640S.6.
[3].Kakkar,R.,Nagar,P.,Ahuja,P.,Rai,V.Polyamines and plant morphogenesis.Biologia Plantarum,2000,43:1-11.
[4].Padgett,P.E.,Leonard,R.T.Free amino acid levels and the regulation of nitrate uptake in maize cell suspension cultures.Journal of Experimental Botany,1996,47:871-883.
[5].Shafeek,M.,Helmy,Y.,Magda,A.et al.Response of onion plants to foliar application of sources and levels ofsome amino acid under sandysoil conditions.Journal ofApplied Sciences Research,2012,8:5521-5527.
[6].Davies,P.J.Plant Hormones:Biosynthesis,Signal Transduction,Action.Springer Science&Business Media2004.
[7].El-Awadi M.,Fawzy Z.,El-Nemr,M.Response of Snap Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Plants to nitrogen fertilizer and foliarapplication with methionine and tryptophan.Nature and Science,2011,9:87-94.
[8].Romero,I.,Téllez,J.,Yamanaka,L.E.etal.Transsulfuration is an active pathwayfor cysteine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma rangeli.Parasites&Vectors,2014,7:197.
[9].Shekari,G.,Javanmardi,J.Effects of Foliar Application Pure Amino Acid and Amino Acid Containing Fertilizeron Broccoli(Brassica oleracea L.var.italica)Transplant.Adv.Crop Sci.Tech.,2017,5:280.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of unstable effect or reduced quality of the prior art such as fruit swelling agent and the like, and provides the application of methionine in the swelling aspect of fruits and vegetables.
Another object of the invention is to provide a melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling agent.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for promoting the enlargement of fruits and vegetables.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the application of methionine in promoting the enlargement of fruits and vegetables and improving the quality of the fruits and vegetables.
As a preferable application of the methionine in promoting the expansion and quality improvement of fruits and vegetables under weak light, the weak light refers to continuous overcast and rainy (snowy) weather, and illumination under the condition of shading 40% -60% by artificial sun-shading net and the like.
A melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling agent contains methionine 2-200mg/L as effective component; preferably, methionine is used as an active ingredient in an amount of 2-200 mg/L.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further comprises an earth temperature 20 in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% by volume.
The invention relates to application of a melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling agent in promoting melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling.
A method for expanding fruits of melon and fruit vegetables comprises spraying methionine solution one week before pollination of melon and fruit vegetables until the fruits are ripe.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the melon and fruit swelling agent is sprayed one week before pollination of the melon and fruit vegetables.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the interval time of spraying is 3-30 days.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the interval between spraying is 3 to 15 days, more preferably 7 to 10 days.
As one preferable mode of the invention, the spraying method is to spray the leaves of the plants and mainly spray the leaves near the fruit.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, 10-20ml of each plant is sprayed.
The beneficial effects are that:
the invention uses single biochemical reagent methionine to promote the growth and development of melon and fruit vegetable plants under weak light, and promote the expansion of fruits under weak light. And the content of soluble solids in the methionine treated fruits is obviously increased, the content of titratable acid is obviously reduced, and the quality of the fruits is obviously improved. Because methionine itself is amino acid in plants, the methionine is pollution-free, nontoxic and harmless to human body, and can be applied to green production of melons and fruits and vegetables in early spring and late autumn. The method is simple to operate, and has stable and remarkable effect of promoting fruit expansion and obvious synergy.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims, and that other alternatives, which can be conceived by those skilled in the art, are within the scope of the claims. The methionine solution in the examples comprises the following components: methionine 2-200mg/L, containing 0.1% (volume ratio) Tween 20.
Example 1:
the test is carried out in a plastic greenhouse with the width of 8 meters by taking the watermelon of 'Su Honey No. 9' as a test material, the natural illumination level and the shading level of 50% are set, and the methionine concentration is set at three levels of 2, 20 and 200 mg/L. Transplanting 3 true leaves of the watermelon seedlings, and cultivating by adopting a plastic bucket with the height of 26.5cm and the diameter of 31cm, wherein the cultivation medium is cassava residues: peat: vermiculite = 2:1:1. The water melon is subjected to shading treatment one week before pollination, and methionine is sprayed at the same time, the spraying interval time is 7 days, and management such as fertilizer water and the like is conventional management. And (5) measuring various indexes of watermelon fruit quality and plant growth after the watermelon is ripe.
The result shows that the shade treatment seriously affects the development and expansion of the watermelon fruits, and the single melon weight, the melon longitudinal and transverse diameters and the melon circumferences under 50% shade are obviously lower than those of the treatments of natural illumination. The effect trend of methionine with different concentration levels on the fruit morphology indexes under two illumination levels is similar, the methionine application can obviously promote the enlargement and development of watermelon fruits, and the fruit morphology indexes show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing as the methionine concentration is increased. Shading reduces the soluble solids content of the watermelon, while titratable acid content is the opposite. Under both illumination levels, the soluble solid content of the watermelon fruit can be obviously increased by spraying methionine with different concentrations, but the increasing amplitude under the shading level is higher than that under natural illumination. The effect of promoting the enlargement of watermelon fruits and the morphological index and the quality index of the fruits under two illumination levels is better when the methionine concentration is 2-20mg/L (Table 1).
The shading affects the growth of watermelon plants, and the plant height, stem thickness, root length, leaf number and fresh weight on the ground and underground are obviously reduced. The effect of 2-200mg/L methionine on the growth and development index of plants is similar under two illumination levels, basically shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing, but the plant height of the plants under shading shows a trend of increasing continuously with the increase of methionine concentration. In general, 2-20mg/L methionine has better effect of promoting the growth and development of plants under two illumination conditions (Table 2).
TABLE 1 influence of different methionine concentrations on watermelon fruit under different illumination
TABLE 2 influence of different methionine concentrations on the growth of watermelon plants under different light conditions
Example 2:
the test is carried out in a plastic greenhouse with the width of 8 meters by taking the watermelon of 'Su Honey No. 9' as a test material, the illumination condition is that the shade is 50%, the methionine concentration is 20mg/L, the Tween 20 is contained in the concentration of 0.1 percent (volume ratio), and the spraying interval time is set to be four levels of 3 days, 7 days, 14 days and 30 days. Transplanting 3 true leaves of the watermelon seedlings, and cultivating by adopting a plastic bucket with the height of 26.5cm and the diameter of 31cm, wherein the cultivation medium is cassava residues: peat: vermiculite=2:1:1, shading treatment is carried out one week before pollination of the watermelons, and meanwhile methionine spraying is carried out, so that management such as fertilizer water and the like is conventional management. And (5) measuring various indexes of watermelon fruit quality and plant growth after the watermelon is ripe.
The result shows that the influence of different methionine spraying intervals on the watermelon fruits under weak light is remarkable, the single melon weight, melon longitudinal diameter and soluble solid content show a trend of increasing and then decreasing along with the increase of the spraying time, and the melon longitudinal diameter and melon perimeter show a trend of increasing and then decreasing and then increasing. The titratable acid showed a tendency to decrease and then increase with increasing spraying time. Taken together, methionine (20 mg/L) was sprayed at intervals of 7-14 days (Table 3).
TABLE 3 influence of methionine (20 mg/L) on watermelon fruit under dim light at different spraying intervals
Example 3:
the test was carried out in a plastic greenhouse 8 m wide under natural light conditions with horn honey (Kagao) and melon (Japanese diamond sweet) as test materials, and the methionine concentration was 20mg/L, containing 0.1% (volume ratio) Tween 20. Transplanting 3 true leaves of the seedling, and cultivating in a downward-digging groove type cultivation mode, wherein the cultivation medium is cassava residues: peat: vermiculite=2:1:1, methionine is sprayed one week before pollination, and fertilizer water and other management is conventional management. Methionine is sprayed every 7 days, and the fruit morphology and quality index are determined after ripening.
The results show that the spraying of methionine at intervals of 7 days can obviously promote the fruit expansion of the horn honey and the melon and the growth of melon length, melon transverse diameter, melon perimeter and single melon weight. Meanwhile, methionine (20 mg/L) can be sprayed to obviously promote the content improvement of soluble solids of the horn honey and the melon, and can obviously reduce the content of titratable acid, so that the quality of fruits is better (Table 4).
TABLE 4 influence of methionine (20 mg/L) on other fruits, vegetables and fruits

Claims (1)

1. The application of methionine in promoting the expansion and quality improvement of melon and fruit vegetables under weak light, wherein the weak light means continuous overcast and rainy or snowy weather and artificial light shielding under 40-60% condition, and the melon and fruit vegetables are selected from watermelon, claw honey or melon.
CN202110997918.8A 2021-08-27 2021-08-27 Melon and fruit vegetable fruit swelling agent and application thereof Active CN113598171B (en)

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