WO2006075675A1

WO2006075675A1 - Novel method of cultivating fruit vegetable crop under low nutritional condition

Info

Publication number: WO2006075675A1
Application number: PCT/JP2006/300320
Authority: WO
Inventors: Toshiki Asao; Makoto Takeuchi; Yuki Miyazawa; Tetsuya Miwa
Original assignee: Ajinomoto Co., Inc.
Priority date: 2005-01-13
Filing date: 2006-01-06
Publication date: 2006-07-20
Also published as: JP2006191848A

Abstract

A novel method of cultivating a fruit vegetable crop with the amount of fertilizer applied smaller than the conventional, characterized in that L-proline is jointly used so as to restrict any harvest drop. This provides a method of cultivating a fruit vegetable crop with the amount of fertilizer reduced that is environmentally friendly, being simple and easy and further inexpensive, without being accompanied by any harvest drop.

Description

Description New cultivation method of fruit and vegetable crops under low nutrient conditions TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention is cultivated under low nutrient conditions such that the yield is reduced under normal conditions compared to normal nutrition conditions. Even in this case, the present invention relates to a new cultivation method of fruit and vegetable crops that can suppress a decrease in yield. More specifically, fruit and vegetable crops that can be cultivated under conditions that reduce the amount of fertilizer applied compared to the conventional fertilizer amount (normal fertilizer amount). The present invention relates to a new cultivation method for crops. Background Art Conventionally, several examples of applying amino acids, particularly L-proline (hereinafter abbreviated as proline) to plants are well known.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 4 6-0 4 2 5 6 6 discloses a flower bud formation promoter containing at least one of uracil and cytosine and proline. The contents are related to flower bud formation, and the above two types of ingredients are required. In addition, it is described that proline formation is slightly promoted with respect to proline. In addition, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 48-066751 describes at least one of nucleosides or nucleotides and proline. Fruit and fruit enlargement promoters are disclosed. The document states that proline is not for male use alone, but must be used in combination with at least one of nucleosides or nucleotides.

Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-172283 discloses a plant growth promoter characterized by comprising an amino acid fermentation broth. Some increase in fruit weight The effect of phosphorus application is described.

Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-003-048 8 03 states that proline having a purity of 50% or more is an aqueous solution having a proline equivalent concentration of 15 to 1,500 ppm. The present invention discloses a flower bud formation promoting agent comprising proline as an active ingredient, and a method for promoting flower bud formation using such a proline aqueous solution.

However, including the prior art cited above, previous knowledge regarding proline application has been the promotion of flower bud formation or the resulting increase in the number of seeds and fruits, and the increase in fruit weight per fruit! ], Or content on improving fruit quality. And since there is no mention of fertilizer application in these prior knowledge, it is considered that all are considered on the basis of conventional fertilizer application.

In other words, in any case, it has not been studied from the viewpoint of the application effect of proline under different nutrient conditions during cultivation. In other words, it is completely different from the gist of the present invention. Disclosure of the invention

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

Regardless of chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers, recent cultivation methods that apply a large amount of fertilizer to farmland dramatically increase the yield of agricultural products from a single area and make a significant contribution to the global food shortage problem. I have done it.

On the other hand, it is well known that it causes environmental pollution problems due to excessive fertilization of farmland. In other words, the proportion of fertilizer that is actually absorbed and used by agricultural crops among fertilizers applied to farmland is usually said to be about 10-30%. Part of the fertilizer that was not absorbed or used by agricultural crops once stayed in the soil, but then flowed into groundwater or rivers, causing contamination of groundwater, river water, and lakes, and part of it was gasified, resulting in NO X It is released into the atmosphere from the soil as an air pollutant. The environmental pollution problem associated with agricultural production has gradually become a social problem in recent years, and the need to switch to fertilizer cultivation that reduces the amount of fertilizer applied to farmland and reduces the environmental burden has been called out. However, in the case of cultivation methods that simply reduce the amount of fertilizer applied, the yield of crops is reduced, so the actual situation is that the shift to fertilizer cultivation does not make much progress.

In view of the background of the prior art having such problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating fertilizers that are environmentally friendly, simple and inexpensive, and that do not reduce yields, especially fruit crops. And [Means for solving problems]

As a result of earnest research to achieve the object described in the preceding paragraph, the present inventor has cultivated under the condition that the fertilizer is reduced below the conventional fertilizer application amount by using a small amount of L-proline at the time of cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops. The present inventors have found that a reduction in yield can be suppressed, and have completed the present invention based on such knowledge.

That is, the present invention is a method for cultivating fruit and vegetable crops under a condition in which the fertilizer application amount is less than the conventional fertilizer application amount, which suppresses the yield reduction characterized by using mino acid in combination. The present invention relates to a new cultivation method of fruit and vegetable crops that can be produced. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

Fruit and vegetable crops targeted by the present invention include cucurbitaceae plants such as cucumber, melon, and cucumber, and solanaceae plants such as tomato, eggplant, and pepper.

The amount of conventional fertilization by crop (ordinary fertilization amount) can be easily known by those skilled in the art (farmers, hydroponics, etc.). For example, in Japan, you can refer to the “Crop Fertilizer Application Standards” established by prefecture. Farmers in each prefecture usually plant crops according to this standard as a fertilizer amount suitable for the area of the prefecture. Cultivated.

The low nutrient conditions in the cultivation method of fruit and vegetable crops of the present invention, in other words, the fertilizer cultivation conditions are 10% or more, preferably 20% or more compared to the usual conventional cultivation conditions. It can be said that the effect is more prominent when the value is reduced. This is because even if the fertilization amount is reduced to this extent, the combined use of L-proline yields only a little inferior crop yield compared to the conventional fertilization amount. In the cultivation method of the present invention, L-proline, which is an amino acid used in combination with conventional fertilizer (usually fertilizer), does not necessarily have to be a purified product with high purity. For example, it may be a fermented amino acid solution containing L-porin, a by-product solution thereof, or a protein hydrolyzate or extract.

If necessary, they may be mixed with trace elements, other fertilizer components, spreading agents, agricultural chemicals, etc.

The method for applying L-proline to fruit and vegetable crops in the cultivation method of the present invention may be above or below the fruit and vegetable crop, but the simplest method is to use an aqueous solution in which L-proline is dissolved above the ground. It is a method of foliar application to the part. Conditions such as the concentration and frequency of application of L-proline can be set as appropriate by appropriate preliminary tests that can be easily carried out by those skilled in the art depending on the type of target vegetable crops and cultivation conditions. It is.

Specifically, the concentration at which L-proline is applied can be adjusted to a range of, for example, from 0.1 ppm to 2 and O 2 Opppm, preferably from 5 ppm to 400 ppm.

The frequency of application of L-proline is preferably from about once or twice a week to about once a month during the plant growth period. The amount of L-proline applied should be such that the above-ground part of the plant can be dripped sufficiently with the above-mentioned concentration of L-proline aqueous solution in the case of foliar application.

[Example 1]

The results of hydroponic test of cucumber are listed below. In the description of Example 1, Proline means L-proline.

“Antarctic No. 1” was prepared as a test cultivar, and was sown in a 5 1-well cell tray for single use of Bamiquilite in a glass greenhouse on August 15 of a year. A balanced culture solution for horticultural testing was created as a culture solution for hydroponic cultivation on August 22nd of the main leaf emergence, based on the standard of horticultural testing sites at the Faculty of Production and Resource Science, Shimane University. (Hereinafter abbreviated as “Garden Trial Treatment”) was transplanted by 12 strains each into a hydroponics container containing 50 liters of a 50% concentration solution of the garden trial formulation diluted to 1/2 concentration. Incidentally, the composition of this garden prescription is as follows. The major elements are calcium nitrate (Ca (N0 ₃ ) ₂ '4H ₂ 0) 9 5 0 g, potassium nitrate (KN0 ₃ ) 8 1 0 g, magnesium sulfate (MgS0 ₄ ' 7H ₂ 0) 5 0 0 g, and Primary ammonium phosphate (NH ₄ H ₂ P0 ₄ ) 1 5 5 g and, as trace elements, boric acid (H ₃ B0 ₃ ) 3 g, zinc sulfate (ZnS0 ₄ -7¾0) 0.22 g, sulfuric acid manganese _{_{(MnS0 4. '5H 2 0}} ) 2 g, copper _{_{sulphate. (CuS0 4 - 5H 2 0}} ) 0 0 5 g, sodium molybdenum acid _{_{_{(Na 2 Mo0 4' 2H 2}}} 0) 0 0 2 g and chelates, Iron (NaFe-EDTA) 25 g was weighed and combined, and water was added to make a total volume of 1,00 0 L.

On September 2, 3 plants of each culture were planted in a container containing 50 liters of the above culture solution, and 3 containers in each test zone were prepared.

From September 10th, the test plots shown in Table 1 below were established and foliar spraying was started. The culture solution concentration (conventional fertilization amount) used in normal cucumber hydroponic cultivation is the garden prescription 7 5. /. The solution above the concentration, and the 50% concentration solution in the garden prescription set in this test section has a concentration of 2Z3 or less. In other words, it is a low-nutrition cultivation condition in which the fertilizer application amount is reduced by 1/3 or more than the conventional fertilizer application amount used for normal cultivation.

The concentration of urea and proline sprayed on the foliage was adjusted so that the nitrogen concentration in the spray solution was the same. The frequency and amount of foliar spray applied were 50 ml / strain in each test group twice a week. The spraying period was continued from September 10th until the end of the test (1 January 11th). Table 1. Setting of test section

Test Zone 1: Normal nutrition cultivation

The culture solution is a 75% concentration solution.

Foliar spray is only spreading agent ("Approach BI", 0.1% aqueous solution).

The culture solution is a 50% concentration solution.

Foliar spray is only spreading agent (same as above)

Test Zone 3: Undernutrition cultivation + Urea spraying

The culture solution is a 50% concentration solution.

Foliar spray solution is a solution in which urea is dissolved at 52ppm in a spreading agent (same as above) Test plot 4: Undernutrition cultivation + Proline spray

The culture solution is a 50% concentration solution.

The foliar spray solution is a solution in which proline is dissolved in a spreading agent (same as above) to 200 ppm: normal nutrient cultivation + proline spray

The culture solution is a 75% concentration solution.

The foliar spray solution is a solution in which proline is dissolved to 200 ppm in a spreading agent (same as above). The culture solution is managed once a week by replacing the whole amount. If necessary, the EC value of the culture solution ( The electric conductivity (value) was adjusted appropriately so that it was almost constant.

Cultivation was carried out with the main branches 1-7, 17 fire side 2 branches and secondary side 1 branch. The number of leaves was 70 / strain. The side branches and true leaves from the first to third sections were removed sequentially.

The pH of the culture solution during the test period (September 2 to 1 January 1 1) is not different depending on the test zone, and the EC value of the culture solution is 50% 1.1 to 1.5 dS / m in the case of the horticultural prescription 75% culture solution, and 1.6 to 2.3 dS Zm. Survey items included vegetative growth of cucumbers, ie growth at the end of the study (main branch length, side branch length, aboveground dry weight, single leaf weight and root dry weight), and effects on cucumber reproductive growth, That is, the number of flowering female flowers, the number of harvested fruits, the average fruit weight, and the total harvested fruit weight. Here, the dry matter weight is the weight after drying the part of the plant body; using M to dry at 60 ° C. overnight.

First, Table 2 shows the effects on vegetative growth, that is, the results of growth conditions.

There was no significant difference in the length of the main branch and the length of the side branch in each test section because of pinching.

However, the dry matter weight (aboveground part + roots) was lower in all test plots 2 to 4 compared to test plot 1 in the low nutrient condition. In particular, in Test Zone 2 and Test Zone 4, due to the effect of fertilizer application of 2 Z 3, it became undernourished and the dry weight (aboveground part + root) was reduced by about 30% compared to Test Zone 1. .

Urea foliar spraying has been known to promote vegetative growth of plants. In this test as well, the dry matter weight in Test Zone 3 shows a relatively high value compared to Test Zones 2 and 4, which seems to be the effect. Interestingly, test group 4 (in the present invention) sprayed with phosphorus with the same amount of nitrogen as urea was the same as test group 2 in which only the spreader was sprayed, or rather a slightly lower value. is there. This suggests that the foliar spraying effects of urea and proline are different.

Table 3 shows the effects on reproductive growth.

Comparing the total harvested fruit weight, test plots 2 and 3 decreased by 11 12% compared to test plot 1 due to the effect of undernutrition conditions. On the other hand, the test area 4 where proline was sprayed in spite of undernutrition conditions was only about a 6% decrease. ing. In other words, by spraying only 20 ppm of proline solution twice a week at a rate of 5 O ml, even if the fertilization amount is reduced by 30% or more, the yield is reduced compared to the case where proline is not sprayed. It became possible to suppress the decrease to about half. It is clear that the effect of proline is not just the effect of nitrogen supply from the foliage, because the yield of urea spraying test area 3 that has been sprayed with the same amount of nitrogen has decreased as in test area 2. is there.

A detailed analysis of the effect of the proline application effect on the yield yielded no significant difference in the number of flowering females in any of the test plots. In test plot 3 where urea was sprayed, the number of flowering females tended to increase slightly, but in test plot 4 sprayed with proline, the number of flowering females was rather smaller than in test plot 2. That is, under this test condition, the proline flower bud formation promoting effect was not observed, which is clearly different from the conventionally known increase in proline yield by promoting flower bud formation.

In addition, when comparing the fruit weight, test area 4 (invention) sprayed with proline is slightly better than test area 2, but there is no significant difference in the test area, and the yield of the proline application It is clear that the increase is not only due to an increase in the weight of one fruit. This point is also different from the conventionally known knowledge.

Finally, looking at the number of harvested fruits, it can be seen that the value of the proline spray test group 4 (the present invention) is better than that of the test groups 2 and 3. In the comparison of the number of flowering females, the proline spray test group 4, which was rather small, is considered to have good fruit set and good growth during the fruit growth process after flowering.

By the way, in the horticultural prescription 7 5% concentration and proline foliar spray test group 5 tested at the same time, the fruit harvest number was 95% compared to test group 1 and the number of fruits is not. From this, the effect of proline application is not to simply increase the fruiting rate, but to suppress the decline in fruiting rate even under low fertilization cultivation conditions, and to maintain good fruit growth thereafter. It has been shown that it has a function of suppressing the decrease in yield. The effect of such proline application is not known at all. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention provides an environment-friendly and excellent method for cultivating fruit and vegetable crops with low manure.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. Cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops under conditions where the amount of fertilizer applied is less than the amount of fertilizer applied, and a new cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops that suppress the decline in yield, characterized by the combined use of L-proline Method.

2. The method for cultivating fruit and vegetable crops according to claim 1, wherein the fruit and vegetable crop is cucumber.

3. The novel cultivation method for fruit and vegetable crops according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the application method of L-proline is foliar application.

4. The new method for cultivating fruit and vegetable crops according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the condition in which the fertilizer application amount is reduced from the conventional fertilizer application amount is 9/10 or less of the conventional fertilizer application amount.