JP2006191848A - New method for cultivating fruit vegetable crop in undernutrition condition - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating fruit vegetable crops with reduced fertilizer, gentle to the environment, and easy and inexpensive without bringing yield decrease. <P>SOLUTION: This new method for cultivating the fruit vegetable crops in a condition of reducing amount of applied fertilizer than usual amount of applied fertilizer comprises using L-proline together so as to suppress yield decrease. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention is a fruit and vegetable crop that can suppress a decrease in yield even when cultivated under low nutrient conditions such that the yield would decrease if normal compared to normal nutrition conditions. It relates to a new cultivation method. More specifically, a fruit and vegetable crop that can minimize the decrease in yield even if the fruit and vegetable crop is cultivated under a condition where the amount of fertilizer applied is less than the amount of usual fertilizer applied (normal fertilizer amount). It relates to a new cultivation method.

  Conventionally, several examples of applying amino acids, particularly L-proline (hereinafter abbreviated as proline) to plants are known.

  For example, Patent Document 1 listed below discloses a flower bud formation promoter containing at least one of uracil and cytosine and proline. The contents relate to flower bud formation, and the above two types of components are required. Note that proline is described as known to have some effect of promoting flower bud formation.

  Patent Document 2 listed below discloses a fruit and fruit enlargement promoter comprising at least one of nucleosides or nucleotides and proline. The document describes that proline is not applied alone but needs to be used in combination with at least one of nucleosides or nucleotides.

  Furthermore, Patent Document 3 listed below discloses a plant growth promoter characterized by comprising an amino acid fermentation broth. With regard to fruit weight increase, some effects of proline application are described.

  Furthermore, Patent Document 4 listed below discloses a flower bud formation promoter containing proline as an active ingredient, which is an aqueous solution of proline having a purity of 50% or more and having a proline equivalent concentration of 15 to 1,500 ppm, and this Disclosed is a method for promoting flower bud formation, characterized by using such an aqueous proline solution.

  However, the prior knowledge regarding the proline application up to now including the prior art cited above is the promotion of flower bud formation or the resulting increase in the number of fruits or fruits, the increase in the fruit weight per fruit, or the fruit The content relates to quality improvement. And in these prior knowledge, since there is no mention about the amount of fertilization, it is thought that all are examined on the assumption of the amount of usual fertilization.

In other words, in any case, it has not been studied from the viewpoint of the application effect of proline under different nutrient conditions during cultivation. That is, it is completely different from the gist of the present invention.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 46-042566 JP-A-48-067051 JP-A-1-172310 JP 2003-048883 A

  Regardless of whether chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers are used, recent cultivation methods that apply a large amount of fertilizers to farmland dramatically increase the yield of agricultural products from a single area and contribute greatly to the global food shortage problem. I have done it.

  However, on the other hand, it is well known that it has caused environmental pollution problems due to excessive fertilization of farmland. That is, it is said that the ratio of the fertilizer actually absorbed and used by the agricultural crops among the fertilizer applied to the farmland is usually about 10 to 30%. Some of the fertilizer that was not absorbed and used by the crops once stayed in the soil, but then flowed into the groundwater and rivers, causing contamination of the groundwater, rivers, and lakes, and partly gasifying and starting NOx. It is released from the soil into the atmosphere as an air pollutant.

  In recent years, the problem of environmental pollution associated with agricultural production has gradually become a social problem, and the need to switch to fertilizer cultivation with reduced environmental burden and reduced fertilizer application to farmland has been called out. However, in the cultivation method that simply reduces the fertilizer application amount, the crop yield decreases, so the actual situation is that the conversion to fertilizer cultivation does not progress easily.

  In the background of the prior art having such problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating fertilizers that are environmentally friendly, simple, and inexpensive, and that does not reduce yield, particularly fruit and vegetable crops. .

  As a result of earnest research to achieve the object described in the preceding paragraph, the present inventor can cultivate under the condition that the fertilizer is reduced below the conventional fertilizer application amount by using a small amount of L-proline at the time of cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops. The present inventors have found that a reduction in yield can be suppressed, and have completed the present invention based on such knowledge.

  That is, the present invention is a method for cultivating fruit and vegetable crops under conditions where the amount of fertilizer applied is less than the amount of fertilizer applied, and the fruit vegetables that can suppress the yield reduction characterized by using amino acids in combination. The present invention relates to a new cultivation method for crops.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

  Fruit and vegetable crops targeted by the present invention include cucumbers such as cucumbers, melons, and cucumbers, and solanaceous plants such as tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers.

  The conventional fertilization amount (normal fertilization amount) for each crop can be easily known by those skilled in the art (farmers, hydroponics, etc.). For example, in Japan, reference may be made to “fertilizer application standards by crop” established for each prefecture. Farmers in each prefecture usually cultivate crops according to this standard as fertilization amount suitable for the area of the prefecture.

  The low nutrient condition in the cultivation method of fruit and vegetable crops of the present invention, in other words, the condition of fertilizer cultivation is reduced by 10% or more, preferably 20% or more, compared to the amount of fertilizer applied under normal conventional cultivation conditions. In this case, it can be said that the effect is more remarkable. This is because even if the fertilization amount is reduced to this level, the combined use of L-proline results in the crop yield being equal or slightly inferior to that of the conventional fertilization amount.

In the cultivation method of the present invention, L-proline, which is an amino acid used in combination with conventional fertilizers (usually fertilizers), does not necessarily have to be a purified product with high purity. For example, it may be an amino acid fermentation broth containing L-proline or a by-product liquid thereof, or a protein hydrolyzate or extract.
Moreover, you may mix and use a trace element, another fertilizer component, a spreading agent, an agrochemical, etc. as needed.

  The method for applying L-proline to fruit and vegetable crops in the cultivation method of the present invention may be the above-ground part or the underground part of the fruit and vegetable crop, but the simplest method is to use an aqueous solution dissolving L-proline on the ground. It is a method of foliar application to the part. Conditions such as application concentration and application frequency of L-proline can be set as appropriate by appropriate preliminary tests that can be easily carried out by those skilled in the art depending on the type and cultivation conditions of the target vegetable crops. It is.

  Specifically, the concentration at which L-proline is applied can be adjusted, for example, to a range of 0.1 ppm to 2,000 ppm, preferably 5 ppm to 400 ppm.

  The application frequency of L-proline is preferably, for example, about once or twice a week to about once a month during the growth period of the plant. The amount of L-proline applied may be such that the above-ground part of the plant is sufficiently wetted and dripped with the above-mentioned concentration of L-proline aqueous solution, if it is foliar spray.

  Below, the hydroponics test result of a cucumber is described. In the description of Example 1, proline means L-proline.

“Antarctic No. 1” was prepared as a test variety and was sown in a 51-well cell tray for single vermiculite on August 15 of a year in a glass greenhouse. "Equilibrium culture solution for horticultural testing" created by the Shimane University Faculty of Production and Resource Science based on the standard of horticultural testing grounds as a culture solution for hydroponics on August 22 during the main leaf emergence stage (Abbreviated as “garden trial prescription”) was transplanted 12 strains each into a hydroponics container containing 50 liters of a 50% concentration liquid of the garden trial prescription diluted to 1/2 concentration. Incidentally, the composition of this garden trial prescription is as follows. 950 g of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ .4H ₂ O), 810 g of potassium nitrate (KNO ₃ ), 500 g of magnesium sulfate (MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O), and ammonium monophosphate (NH ₄ H ₂₎ PO ₄ ) 155 g, and as trace elements, boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ) 3 g, zinc sulfate (ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O) 0.22 g, manganese sulfate (MnSO ₄ .5H ₂ O) 2 g, copper sulfate (CuSO ₄ · 5H ₂ O) 0.05 g, sodium molybdate (Na ₂ MoO ₄ · 2H ₂ O) 0.02 g, and chelated iron (NaFe-EDTA) 25 g are weighed and combined, and water is added thereto. The total volume is 1,000L.

  Three plants each were planted in a container containing 50 liters of the above culture solution on September 2, and cucumbers for testing were prepared in a scale of 3 containers / test group in total for each test group.

  From September 10th, test zones shown in Table 1 below were set, and foliar spraying was started.

  In addition, the culture solution density | concentration (conventional fertilization amount) used by normal cucumber hydroponics is a liquid more than 75% of gardening prescription, and the gardening prescription 50% concentration liquid set in this test section is 2 / 3 or less. That is, it is the undernutrition cultivation condition which reduced the fertilizer application amount 1/3 or more from the conventional fertilizer application amount used for normal cultivation.

  The concentration of urea and proline sprayed on the foliage was adjusted so that the nitrogen concentration in the spray solution was the same. The frequency and amount of foliar spray applied were 50 ml / strain for each test group twice a week. The spraying period was continuously performed from September 10 to the end of the test (November 11).

  The whole culture medium was changed once a week, and the EC value (Electric Conductivity value) of the culture medium was appropriately adjusted as necessary.

  Cultivation was performed with 17 main branches, 2 primary side branches, and 1 secondary side branch. The number of leaves was 70 / strain. Side branches and true leaves from the first to third nodes were removed in order.

  In addition, the pH of the culture solution during the test period (September 2 to November 11) is not different depending on the test section, and the EC value of the culture solution is 1.1 to 1 in the 50% culture solution of the garden trial formulation. It was 1.6 to 2.3 dS / m in the case of 0.5 dS / m and the garden prescription 75% culture solution.

  The survey items included vegetative growth of cucumber, that is, growth at the end of the test (main branch length, side branch length, aboveground dry weight, single leaf weight and root dry weight), and the effect on cucumber reproductive growth, The number of flowering female flowers, the number of harvested fruits, the average fruit weight, and the total harvested fruit weight were used. Here, the dry matter weight is the weight after the plant part is dried at 60 ° C. all day and night using a dryer.

  First, Table 2 shows the effect on vegetative growth, that is, the results of the growth state.

  There was no significant difference in main branch length and side branch length because each test section was pinched.

  However, the dry matter weight (aboveground part + root) decreased in all of test groups 2 to 4 in the low nutrient condition as compared to test group 1. Especially, in Test Zone 2 and Test Zone 4, due to the effect of fertilization amount of 2/3, it became undernutrition, and dry weight (aboveground part + root) was reduced by about 30% compared to Test Zone 1. .

  Urea foliar spraying is conventionally known to promote plant vegetative growth. In this test as well, it is considered that the dry matter weight in the test group 3 shows a relatively high value as compared with the test groups 2 and 4. Interestingly, test group 4 (invention) in which proline having the same nitrogen content as urea was sprayed was not different from test group 2 in which only the spreading agent was sprayed, or rather a slightly lower value. This suggests that the foliar spraying effect of urea and proline is different.

  Next, Table 3 shows the effects on reproductive growth.

  Comparing the total harvested fruit weight, test groups 2 and 3 are 11-12% less than test group 1 due to the effect of undernutrition conditions. On the other hand, the test area 4 in which proline was sprayed under the condition of undernutrition cultivation remained only about 6% of the decrease. In other words, by spraying only 200 ppm of proline solution twice a week, 50 ml at a time, even if the fertilizer amount is reduced by 30% or more, the decrease in yield is suppressed to about half compared to the case where proline is not sprayed. It became possible. The fact that the effect of proline is not merely the effect of nitrogen supplementation from the leaf surface is clear from the fact that the yield of the urea spraying test area 3 that continued to spray the same amount of nitrogen decreased as in the test area 2. is there.

  When the effect of the proline application effect on the yield was analyzed in detail, the number of flowering females was not significantly different from any of the test plots. In the test group 3 sprayed with urea, the number of flowering female flowers tended to increase slightly, but in the test group 4 sprayed with proline, the number of flowering female flowers was rather smaller than in the test group 2. That is, under this test condition, the proline flower bud formation promoting effect was not observed, which is clearly different from the conventionally known increase in proline yield by promoting flower bud formation.

  In addition, when comparing 1 fruit weight, test group 4 (invention) sprayed with proline tends to be slightly better than test group 2, but there is no significant difference in test section, and increase in yield due to application of proline. Clearly, it is not just due to an increase in the fruit weight. This point is also different from the conventionally known knowledge.

  Finally, when looking at the number of harvested fruits, it can be seen that the value of the proline spray test group 4 (the present invention) is better than that of the test groups 2 and 3. In the comparison of the number of flowering female flowers, the proline spray test group 4, which was rather small, is considered to have good fruit set and good growth during the fruit growth process after flowering.

  By the way, in the test plot 5 of the horticultural prescription prescribed at the same time and the proline foliar sprayed test plot 5, the number of fruits harvested was 95% compared to the test plot 1 and the number of fruits did not increase. . Therefore, the effect of proline application is not simply to increase the fruiting rate, but to prevent the fruiting rate from decreasing even under low fertilization cultivation conditions, and to maintain good fruit growth thereafter. It shows that it works to suppress the decrease in the amount.

  Such an effect of proline application is a knowledge that has never been known.

According to the present invention, an environment-friendly and excellent method for cultivating a low fertilizer amount of a vegetable crop has been provided.

Claims (4)

  A method for cultivating fruit and vegetable crops under a condition where the amount of fertilizer applied is less than the amount of fertilizer applied, and a method for cultivating a fruit and vegetable crop that suppresses yield reduction, characterized by using L-proline in combination.   The novel method for cultivating fruit and vegetable crops according to claim 1, wherein the fruit and vegetable crop is cucumber.   The method for applying a fruit and vegetable crop according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the L-proline application method is foliar spraying. The new cultivation method for fruit and vegetable crops according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the condition in which the fertilizer application amount is reduced from the conventional fertilizer application amount is 9/10 or less of the conventional fertilizer application amount.