CN113598005A - Method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113598005A CN113598005A CN202111053753.5A CN202111053753A CN113598005A CN 113598005 A CN113598005 A CN 113598005A CN 202111053753 A CN202111053753 A CN 202111053753A CN 113598005 A CN113598005 A CN 113598005A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil. According to the method, the sand covering amount and the irrigation amount are limited, the proportion of the cohesive particles in the saline-alkali soil can be improved, the soil hardening degree is reduced, the saline-alkali content of the surface soil is diluted, the saline-alkali effect of soil leaching is achieved, the soil air permeability is increased, the soil hardening is inhibited, and the cotton emergence rate is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil.
Background
China is about 2700 ten thousand hm2Saline and alkaline land, wherein the cultivated plants are 700 kilohm2And also approximately 2000 kilohms2Barren saline-alkali soil is not developed and utilized, and the saline-alkali soil is mainly distributed in northeast, north China, south China, Xinjiang, inner Mongolia and other areas. Total area of Xinjiang saline-alkali soil 2181.4X 104hm2Occupies saline-alkali soil of the whole country (9913 multiplied by 10)4hm2) 22.01 percent of the area and 233.1 multiplied by 10 percent of the area of the salinized cultivated land of the whole Xinjiang4hm2Accounting for 37.7 percent of the total area of the cultivated land, wherein the percentage of southern Xinjiang is up to 49.6 percent; about 400 kilohm in North China2The saline-alkali soil is mainly distributed in Huangqihai plain. Meanwhile, the saline-alkali soil is an important reserve land resource, and the reasonable development and utilization of the saline-alkali soil play an important role in relieving increasingly tense human-ground relationship brought by social and economic development, stabilizing and improving the ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of social and economic. The land salinization phenomenon in the yellow river delta area is serious, the land area occupation ratio is up to 70% of the total land area, and the land salinization phenomenon is a primary factor for restricting the sustainable development of regional agriculture.
The cotton is the important cash crop in saline and alkaline land, for satisfying the needs of saline and alkaline land planting cotton, prior art develops salt washing and applies the modifier, but the higher soil of salt and alkali content in the arable land is mostly clay, stickness soil water retention water barrier is too excellent, lead to the irrigation of winter and spring, the salt washing effect is not good, and salt and alkali content causes the soil closely knit degree too big again, soil aggregate structure destroys, the porosity reduces, soil viscidity is high, so formed vicious circle, saline and alkaline land cotton planting cotton emerges slowly, the seedling is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil, which solves the problems of slow seedling emergence and difficult seedling formation of cotton planted in saline-alkali soil.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
covering 8-12 cm thick sand on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil, sowing and irrigating after mixing surface soil and sand, wherein the water consumption for irrigation is 25-35 m3Per mu.
Preferably, a soil conditioner is applied simultaneously with the irrigation, and the application amount of the soil conditioner is 5-6 kg/mu.
Preferably, the method also comprises the steps of covering a film and arranging a drip tape after the sowing.
Preferably, the material of the membrane comprises polyvinyl chloride plastic.
Preferably, the cotton is sowed in wide and narrow rows, the spacing between the wide rows is 64-66 cm, and the spacing between the narrow rows is 10-12 cm.
Preferably, drip irrigation tape is provided between the rows of narrow rows.
Preferably, the sowing amount of the cotton is 15600-17400 plants/mu.
Preferably, before the sand covering, the method further comprises applying 60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil.
Preferably, the second irrigation is carried out 5-7 days after the irrigation, and the water consumption of the second irrigation is 8-10 m3Per mu.
Preferably, the mixing means comprises plowing; the depth of the plowing is 20-25 cm.
The invention provides a method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: covering 8-12 cm thick sand on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil, sowing and irrigating after mixing surface soil and sand, wherein the water consumption for irrigation is 25-35 m3Per mu. The method disclosed by the invention can be used for covering sand on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil, improving the proportion of cohesive particles in the soil and reducing the soilThe hardening degree is used for diluting the saline-alkali content concentration of the surface soil; and by controlling the amount of irrigation water, the effect of leaching the saline and alkaline soil is achieved, the air permeability of the soil is increased, the soil hardening is inhibited, and the cotton emergence rate is remarkably improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a cotton planting pattern according to the present invention;
wherein: a-the distance between two adjacent drip irrigation tapes; b-wide row spacing; c-distance between two adjacent membranes; d-narrow row spacing; e-distance between drip irrigation belt and single cotton on narrow row.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: covering 8-12 cm thick sand on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil, sowing and irrigating after mixing surface soil and sand, wherein the water consumption for irrigation is 25-35 m3Per mu.
The method comprises the step of covering sand on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the thickness of the sand is preferably 8-12 cm, and is further preferably 9-10 cm. The sand of the present invention is preferably natural sand, and is further preferably river sand. The invention is not critical to the particle size of the sand, preferably greater than 0.1 mm. The saline-alkali soil is preferably moderate and severe saline-alkali cultivated land irrigated in winter, moderate and severe saline-alkali cultivated land irrigated in spring or moderate and severe saline-alkali cultivated land irrigated without spring and winter; the content of the saline alkali in the saline-alkali soil is preferably more than or equal to 3g/kg, more preferably more than or equal to 5g/kg, and more preferably more than or equal to 10 g/kg.
After the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil is covered with sand, the surface soil is mixed with the sand. The mixing mode of the invention is preferably plowing, and the plowing depth is preferably 20-25 cm, and more preferably 22-24 cm. The depth of the plowing is the sum of the depth of the soil layer of the saline-alkali soil and the thickness of the sand. According to the invention, the sand is mixed with the soil after the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil is covered with the sand, so that the proportion of soil viscous particles can be improved, the soil hardening degree is reduced, and the saline-alkali content concentration of the surface soil is diluted.
Before land leveling, 60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is preferably applied to the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil. The compound fertilizer is preferably a mixture of diammonium phosphate, biological bacterial fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 25 kg/mu; the application amount of the biological bacterial manure is preferably 25 kg/mu; the application amount of the potassium sulfate is preferably 10 kg/mu. The biological bacterial fertilizer preferably comprises organic matters, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus, wherein the content of the organic matters is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the total effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus mucilaginosus is more than 5 hundred million/g. The invention has no strict requirements on the sources of the diammonium phosphate, the biological bacterial fertilizer and the potassium sulfate, and can be directly purchased. The compound fertilizer used in the embodiment of the invention is preferably purchased from Populus diversifolia chemical Co., Ltd.
The invention seeds cotton after leveling the land. The cotton is preferably sown in wide and narrow rows, the spacing between the wide rows is preferably 64-66 cm, and the spacing between the narrow rows is preferably 10-12 cm. The sowing amount of the cotton is preferably 15600-17400 plants/mu, and more preferably 16000-17000 plants/mu; the sowing depth of cotton is preferably 2 cm. The cotton of the invention is preferably source cotton No. 11.
The cotton is sowed in a planting hole preferably; the depth of the planting hole is 2-3 cm, and the seeding rate is 15600-17400 kg plants/mu. After seeding is finished, the planting holes are preferably covered with soil. The thickness of the covering soil is preferably 0.5 cm; the mode of earthing is preferably just earthing.
After the cotton is sowed, the invention preferably covers the cotton in the area where the cotton is sowed, and further preferably covers the cotton and arranges the drip tape. The film covering mode is preferably single-film covering, and the material of the film is preferably polyvinyl chloride plastic. The cultivation mode of the cotton is preferably 1 film 6 row, and the distance between the edges of two adjacent films is preferably the same as the width row, and more preferably 66 cm. The drip irrigation tape is preferably arranged among narrow rows, and the distance between drippers on the drip irrigation tape is preferably 30 cm.
The invention utilizes the drip irrigation tape to irrigate, and during irrigation, the invention irrigates waterThe pressure is preferably 0.1MPa or more. The water consumption for irrigation is preferably 25-35 m3Per mu, more preferably 28-32 m3Per mu. When the invention is used for irrigation, the flow rate of irrigation water is preferably 2.1L/h. The irrigation provided by the invention can be used for leaching saline and alkaline soil, increasing the soil air permeability, inhibiting soil hardening and obviously improving the cotton emergence rate.
The invention preferably applies the soil amendment while irrigating. The application amount of the soil conditioner is preferably 5-6 kg/mu. The soil conditioner of the invention is preferably one or more of humic acid, fulvic acid or potassium fulvate, and is more preferably humic acid. The soil conditioner is applied during irrigation, so that the content of organic matters in soil can be increased, the granular structure of the soil is improved, the salt leaching effect of irrigation water is enhanced, and the effects of soil hardening and salt and alkali leaching are relieved.
In the invention, cultivation is preferably carried out between membranes 3d after irrigation. The intertillage loosens the soil of the intertillage layer, and the air permeability of the soil is improved.
The second irrigation is carried out 5-7 days after the first irrigation. The water consumption of the second irrigation is preferably 8-10 m3Per mu. The hardened covering soil can be moistened by carrying out the second irrigation, the hardened structure of the covering soil is damaged, and the cotton bud breaking is facilitated.
The method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil is particularly suitable for field planting of cotton in saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang area, and the emergence rate of the cotton is improved.
The invention combines the sand covering method and the drip seedling emergence method, limits the sand covering amount and the irrigation amount, converts the severe salinization (the saline-alkali content of the soil is 10.5g/kg) of the cultivated-layer soil into the mild salinization (the saline-alkali content of the soil is 1.33g/kg), reduces the soil hardening degree, has the cotton seedling emergence rate as high as 85.6 percent, and effectively solves the problems of non-seedling emergence of the cotton and the like caused by the high saline-alkali content of the cultivated layer and the serious soil hardening.
For further illustration of the present invention, the method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1): cotton variety and saline-alkali soil selection: selecting saline-alkali soil with saline-alkali content of 10.5g/kg in severe saline-alkali cultivated land irrigated in winter; the cotton variety is source cotton No. 11.
(2): fine sand with the thickness of 10cm and the grain diameter larger than 0.1mm is uniformly covered on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil, 60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is broadcast and applied in 2021 year 4, month 16, and then the fine sand is uniformly mixed with the plough layer by using a cultivator and a raker, the whole field is uniformly leveled, and the ploughing depth of the cultivator is 25cm (including the thickness of the fine sand).
(3) The method comprises the following steps of (1) ploughing and laminating, laying a drip irrigation tape and sowing after leveling by using a sowing machine, specifically: cotton is sown according to a sowing mode of 10cm +66cm +10cm +66cm +10cm, namely, the narrow row spacing is 10cm and the wide row spacing is 66cm, the film mulching mode is a single film mulching mode, the distance between the film mulching and the film is 66cm, the drip irrigation tape is arranged between the narrow rows, and soil with the thickness of 0.5cm is covered on the planting holes in a positive soil sealing mode after sowing is finished.
(4): irrigating by a drip irrigation tape, wherein the mineralization degree of irrigation water is 0.3g/L, and the irrigation amount is 30m35 kg/mu of humic acid is dripped with water per mu, the irrigation pressure of the drip irrigation tape is 0.1MPa, the flow rate of drippers of the drip irrigation tape is 2.1L/h, and the distance between the drippers is 30 cm.
(5): on the 3 rd day after irrigation was stopped, intertillage was carried out between the membranes.
(6): irrigating for the second time about 6 days after irrigation, wherein the irrigation water amount is 8m3Per mu.
Example 2
The difference from the example 1 is that the saline-alkali land with the saline-alkali content of 8.6g/kg is selected from the severe saline-alkali land which is irrigated in spring in the step (1).
Example 3
The difference from the example 1 is that the severe saline-alkali cultivated land without irrigation in winter and spring is selected in the step (1), and the saline-alkali soil with the saline-alkali content of 11.9g/kg is selected.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the irrigation amount in step (4) is 25m3Per mu.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the amount of water to be poured in step (4) is 35m3Per mu.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is that the sand coating thickness in step (2) is 12 cm.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is that the sand coating thickness in step (2) is 8 cm.
Example 8
The same as example 1, except that the humic acid in the step (4) is replaced by fulvic acid.
Example 9
The same as example 1, except that the humic acid in the step (4) was replaced by potassium fulvate.
Example 10
The difference from example 1 is that the amount of water to be poured in step (6) is 10m3Per mu.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the example 1 is that the sand is not coated on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil in the step (2).
Comparative example 2
The difference from the example 1 is that the 10 cm-thick farmyard manure (cow dung) is uniformly covered on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil in the step (2).
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the amount of water to be poured in step (2) is 20m3Per mu.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the amount of water to be poured in step (2) is 40m3Per mu.
Test example 1
After 24 hours of stopping the first watering, respectively selecting soil samples (with sampling depth of 0-40 cm) at the same depth positions at the narrow rows of the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-2, and measuring the salt content and the water content of the soil at the narrow rows of the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-2; after the first irrigation is stopped for 7 days, the soil hardening hardness of the narrow row position in the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-2 is measured; after the first irrigation was stopped for 10 days, the rate of emergence of the cotton in the narrow row of example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 emergence rate, surface soil hardening degree, salt content and water content of cotton by different treatment methods
As can be seen from table 1, the cow dung covering treatment of comparative example 2 has a more significant effect on improving the soil hardening degree than the treatment of comparative document 1, but is still lower than the sand covering treatment of example 1 of the present invention. Compared with the treatment of covering no substance, the cow dung is not obvious in the advantages of reducing the water holding rate of the soil and improving the rate of emergence of cotton, and the saline-alkali leaching effect of irrigation water is not as good as that of the sand covering treatment. The invention increases the soil porosity by covering sand, enhances the saline-alkali effect of the irrigation water washing soil, has the salt content far less than that of the soil without covering any substance, and converts the soil of the plough layer from severe salinization (10.5g/kg >6g/kg) to mild salinization (1.33g/kg <3 g/kg). Meanwhile, the sand grains are added, so that the proportion of sticky grains in a plough layer is reduced, the water retention of the plough layer is reduced, the hardening degree of surface soil is inhibited, the air permeability of the plough layer soil is improved, the growth environment of water, salt and air required by cotton seedling emergence is ensured, the emergence rate of the sand covering treatment is far higher than that of the original soil treatment and the cow dung covering treatment, and the sand covering cost is far lower than that of the cow dung covering treatment.
The embodiment proves that the method provided by the invention can improve the proportion of the soil viscous particles, reduce the soil hardening degree and dilute the saline-alkali content concentration of the surface soil; and by controlling the amount of irrigation water, the effect of leaching the saline and alkaline soil is achieved, the air permeability of the soil is increased, the soil hardening is inhibited, and the cotton emergence rate is remarkably improved.
Although the above embodiments have been described in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and all of the embodiments belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting cotton in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
covering 8-12 cm thick sand on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil, and covering the surface with sandAfter layer soil and sand are mixed, sowing and irrigation are carried out, and the water consumption for irrigation is 25-35 m3Per mu.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said irrigating is accompanied by applying a soil amendment in an amount of 5-6 kg/acre.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising mulching and laying drip tape after said planting.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the film comprises polyvinyl chloride plastic.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cotton is sown in wide and narrow rows with a wide row spacing of 64-66 cm and a narrow row spacing of 10-12 cm.
6. A method according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that drip irrigation tape is arranged between the rows of narrow rows.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the cotton is sown at 15600-17400 plants/mu.
8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising applying 60 kg/acre of compound fertilizer on the top layer of the saline-alkali soil before the sand covering.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a second irrigation is carried out 5-7 days after the irrigation, and the water consumption of the second irrigation is 8-10 m3Per mu.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixing means comprises plowing; the depth of the plowing is 20-25 cm.
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Application publication date: 20211105 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |