CN113594428A - 一种金属包覆锂电池材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种金属包覆锂电池材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical group [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MULYSYXKGICWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O MULYSYXKGICWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;oxalate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical group [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010710 LiFePO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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Abstract
一种金属包覆锂电池材料的制备方法,将有机盐溶于溶剂(水、乙醇、乙二醇等),将锂离子电池材料与溶液混合使有机盐包覆在锂离子电池材料表面,或通过反应生成有机金属盐包覆在锂离子电池材料表面,将表面包覆有机盐的锂离子电池材料在保护气氛(氮气、氩气、氢气等)下,进行高温反应,得到金属包覆的锂离子电池材料。本发明优点是在液相条件下进行,添加一定表面活性剂,可以增强溶液的润湿性能,有利于有机金属盐均匀包覆在材料表面。在保护气氛下进行高温反应,有机金属盐发生还原反应生成金属单质,均匀覆盖在材料表面,形成导电网结构,提高材料的导电性能,有利于锂离子的快速脱嵌,进而实现锂电池材料的快速充放电。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于锂电池材料的制备技术领域,特别涉及一种金属包覆锂电池材料的制备方法。
技术背景
锂离子电池由于具有高比能量、高功率、安全、长寿命和无记忆效应等诸多优点,被公认为最具开发潜力的二次电池。然而,在高倍率下,较低的电子电导率和离子扩散数率阻碍着锂离子电池的应用。大量研究己经证实,通过添加导电剂、离子替代、包覆导电层、构建导电复合结构和减小粒径,可以提高锂离子扩散速率,减短扩散路程以及改善电子传递路径,来有效地提高其电化学性能。
目前研究较多的是石墨烯对电池材料的包覆,因为它能够构建的导电网络可以有效提高材料的电子电导率,改善电化学性能。但石墨烯不能实现全方位完全包覆电极材料,与锂电池颗粒接触不紧密,在充放电过程中,碳层与颗粒易发生分离的现象,无法形成连续、高效的导电网络。另外,石墨烯作为单原子层厚度的新型碳材料,成本高昂,振实密度较低,增加了成本也给电池小型化带来挑战。
一些金属单质如镍、钴、铜等具有极好的电子电导率和较高的振实密度,是理想的用于改性锂离子电池的材料。以往,不少人尝试添加金属粉末或者金属纳米颗粒来提高电极材料的导电性。但是金属颗粒改性方案具有较多弊端:第一,金属粉末的颗粒尺寸和粒度均一性很难控制。第二,金属粉末很难做到与电池材料的均匀混合,金属纳米颗粒本身容易发生局部的大量堆积,造成材料均一性下降,影响总体性能。所以新的包覆技术的研究势在必行。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述问题,提供一种金属包覆锂电池材料的制备方法,该方法是利用有机金属盐包覆在锂电池材料表面,分解转化成金属单质,形成导电网络构架,提高锂电池材料导电性能。
一种金属包覆锂电池材料的制备方法,包括溶于溶剂的有机金属盐直接包覆锂电池材料的制备方法、化学沉淀法生成有机金属盐包覆在锂电池材料表面的制备方法和通过机械力将有机金属盐直接包覆锂电池材料的制备方法,其特征是:
所述的溶于溶剂的有机金属盐直接包覆锂电池材料的制备方法,包括以下工艺过程:
步骤一:称量0.4~0.6g的有机金属盐溶于溶剂中;
步骤二:将0.1~0.3g的锂离子电池材料放入步骤一后,搅拌1~3h;
步骤三:在步骤二搅拌过程中,放入0.05~0.1g的表面活性剂;
步骤四:将经步骤三处理后的溶液放入水浴锅中加热干燥;
步骤五:将经步骤四所得粉体在保护气氛保护下进行煅烧。具体煅烧过程为:先以1℃/min~6℃/min的升温速率升温至300~500℃,然后恒温煅烧1~3h,再以1℃/min~6℃/min的降温速率冷却至室温;
步骤六:将经步骤五所得粉体搅浆、涂布、干燥、压片、称片等步骤制成纽扣电池;
所述溶剂包括水、乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇、正丁醇、异戊醇及其混合溶剂;
所述有机盐包括乙酸镍、乙酸钴、乙酸铜;
所述锂电池材料为三元正极材料、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂和负极材料;
所述表面剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、吐温、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
所述的化学沉淀法生成有机金属盐包覆在锂电池材料表面的制备方法,包括以下工艺过程:
步骤一:称量0.4~0.6g的可溶金属盐溶于溶剂中;
步骤二:将0.1~0.3g的锂离子电池材料放入步骤一后,搅拌1~3h;
步骤三:在步骤二搅拌过程中,放入0.05~0.1g的表面活性剂,搅拌20~40min;
步骤四:在步骤三搅拌过程中,放入0.2~0.4g的沉淀剂后,再搅拌1~3h;
步骤五:将经步骤四处理后的溶液放入80~90℃水浴锅中加热1~2h、抽滤、干燥;
步骤六:将经步骤五所得粉体在保护气氛保护下进行煅烧。具体煅烧过程为:先以1℃/min~6℃/min的升温速率升温至300~500℃,然后恒温煅烧1~3h,再以1℃/min~6℃/min的降温速率冷却至室温;
步骤七:将经步骤六所得粉体搅浆、涂布、干燥、压片、称片等步骤制成纽扣电池;
所述溶剂包括水、乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇、正丁醇、异戊醇及其混合溶剂;
所述可溶金属盐为硫酸镍、硫酸钴、硫酸铜、氯化镍、氯化钴、氯化铜、硝酸镍、硝酸钴、硝酸铜、乙酸镍、乙酸钴、乙酸铜;
所述沉淀剂为草酸钠、草酸、草酸钾、草酸铵;
所述锂电池材料为三元正极材料、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂和负极材料;
所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、吐温、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
所述的通过机械力将有机金属盐直接包覆锂电池材料的制备方法,包括以下工艺过程:
步骤一:称量0.4~0.6g的有机金属盐置放于玛瑙研钵中;
步骤二:将0.1~0.3g的锂离子电池材料放入步骤一后,研磨1~3h;
步骤三:在步骤二研磨过程中,放入0.05~0.1g的表面活性剂;
步骤四:将经步骤村研磨的粉体在保护气氛保护下进行煅烧,具体煅烧过程为:先以1℃/min~6℃/min的升温速率升温至300~500℃,然后恒温煅烧1~3h,再以1℃/min~6℃/min的降温速率冷却至室温;
步骤五:将经步骤四所得粉体搅浆、涂布、干燥、压片、称片等步骤制成纽扣电池;
所述有机盐包括乙酸镍、乙酸钴、乙酸铜、草酸镍、草酸钴、草酸铜;
所述锂电池材料为三元正极材料、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂和负极材料;
所述表面活性剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
将溶于溶剂的有机盐或反应生成的有机盐包覆在锂离子电池材料表面,其优点是在液相条件下进行,添加一定表面活性剂,可以增强溶液的润湿性能,有利于有机金属盐均匀包覆在材料表面。在保护气氛下进行高温反应,有机金属盐发生还原反应生成金属单质,均匀覆盖在材料表面,形成导电网结构,提高材料的导电性能,有利于锂离子的快速脱嵌,进而实现锂电池材料的快速充放电。该制备工艺操作简单、成本低廉,可广泛应用于电池材料包覆领域。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例一、实施例二、实施例三、实施例四所制备样品的形貌图。
图2是本发明的实施例一、实施例二、实施例三、实施例四所制备样品的放电曲线图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
称量0.52g乙酸铜溶于纯水中,取2g电池级石墨粉放入乙酸铜溶液中,并加入0.1g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,搅拌1h后放入80℃鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥。将所得的粉末置于充满氮气的管式炉中,400℃保温2h。所得石墨/Cu的SEM如图1a所示;充放电测试如图2a所示。
实施例二
称量0.51g的乙酸镍溶于纯水中,取2g的磷酸铁锂粉末放入乙酸镍溶液中搅拌1h。向溶液中加入0.07g十二烷基苯磺酸钠和0.03g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,并搅拌30min。再向溶液中放入0.3g的草酸钠,持续搅拌1h后置于85℃水浴锅中保温1h、抽滤、干燥。将所得粉末置于充满氮气的管式炉中,400℃保温2h。得到LiFePO4/Ni复合材料。LiFePO4/Ni的SEM如图1b所示;充放电测试如图2b所示。
实施例三
将ZnMoO4粉体加入到1.25mmol乙酸铜溶液中,搅拌1h后形成悬浊液,随后在80°C水浴条件下加入1.25mmol草酸钠溶液,保温1.5h。陈化6 h后将混合物过滤,烘干,在氮气气氛下400°C保温2h得到ZnMoO4/Cu复合材料。ZnMoO4/Cu的SEM如图1c所示;充放电测试如图2c所示。
实施例四
将0.25g乙酸铜与2g锂离子三元正极材料电池粉放到玛瑙研钵中充分研磨,加入0.1g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。研磨1h后将其烘干,在氮气气氛下400°C保温2h得到三元电池与Cu单质复合材料。SEM如图1d所示;充放电测试如图2d所示。
注明:
实施例一、二、三、四中所得粉体均用N-甲基吡咯烷酮调节一定粘度后装进称量瓶内,用磁力搅拌器搅拌6h,将搅拌好的浆料涂覆在铝箔(铜箔)上。将涂覆好的样品放入真空干燥箱中,干燥12h,干燥温度80℃,压片、称片等步骤制成纽扣电池。
Claims (1)
1.一种金属包覆锂电池材料的制备方法,包括溶于溶剂的有机金属盐直接包覆锂电池材料的制备方法、化学沉淀法生成有机金属盐包覆在锂电池材料表面的制备方法和通过机械力将有机金属盐直接包覆锂电池材料的制备方法,其特征是:
所述的溶于溶剂的有机金属盐直接包覆锂电池材料的制备方法,包括以下工艺过程:
步骤一:称量0.4~0.6g的有机金属盐溶于溶剂中;
步骤二:将0.1~0.3g的锂离子电池材料放入步骤一后,搅拌1~3h;
步骤三:在步骤二搅拌过程中,放入0.05~0.1g的表面活性剂;
步骤四:将经步骤三处理后的溶液放入水浴锅中加热干燥;
步骤五:将经步骤四所得粉体在保护气氛保护下进行煅烧,具体煅烧过程为:先以1℃/min~6℃/min的升温速率升温至300~500℃,然后恒温煅烧1~3h,再以1℃/min~6℃/min的降温速率冷却至室温;
步骤六:将经步骤五所得粉体搅浆、涂布、干燥、压片、称片等步骤制成纽扣电池;
所述溶剂包括水、乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇、正丁醇、异戊醇及其混合溶剂;
所述有机盐包括乙酸镍、乙酸钴、乙酸铜;
所述锂电池材料为三元正极材料、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂和负极材料;
所述表面剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、吐温、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚;
所述的化学沉淀法生成有机金属盐包覆在锂电池材料表面的制备方法,包括以下工艺过程:
步骤一:称量0.4~0.6g的可溶金属盐溶于溶剂中;
步骤二:将0.1~0.3g的锂离子电池材料放入步骤一后,搅拌1~3h;
步骤三:在步骤二搅拌过程中,放入0.05~0.1g的表面活性剂,搅拌20~40min;
步骤四:在步骤三搅拌过程中,放入0.2~0.4g的沉淀剂后,再搅拌1~3h;
步骤五:将经步骤四处理后的溶液放入80~90℃水浴锅中加热1~2h、抽滤、干燥;
步骤六:将经步骤五所得粉体在保护气氛保护下进行煅烧;具体煅烧过程为:先以1℃/min~6℃/min的升温速率升温至300~500℃,然后恒温煅烧1~3h,再以1℃/min~6℃/min的降温速率冷却至室温;
步骤七:将经步骤六所得粉体搅浆、涂布、干燥、压片、称片等步骤制成纽扣电池;
所述溶剂包括水、乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇、正丁醇、异戊醇及其混合溶剂;
所述可溶金属盐为硫酸镍、硫酸钴、硫酸铜、氯化镍、氯化钴、氯化铜、硝酸镍、硝酸钴、硝酸铜、乙酸镍、乙酸钴、乙酸铜;
所述沉淀剂为草酸钠、草酸、草酸钾、草酸铵;
所述锂电池材料为三元正极材料、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂和负极材料;
所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、吐温、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚;
所述的通过机械力将有机金属盐直接包覆锂电池材料的制备方法,包括以下工艺过程:
步骤一:称量0.4~0.6g的有机金属盐置放于玛瑙研钵中;
步骤二:将0.1~0.3g的锂离子电池材料放入步骤一后,研磨1~3h;
步骤三:在步骤二研磨过程中,放入0.05~0.1g的表面活性剂;
步骤四:将经步骤三研磨的粉体在保护气氛保护下进行煅烧,具体煅烧过程为:先以1℃/min~6℃/min的升温速率升温至300~500℃,然后恒温煅烧1~3h,再以1℃/min~6℃/min的降温速率冷却至室温;
步骤五:将经步骤四所得粉体搅浆、涂布、干燥、压片、称片等步骤制成纽扣电池;
所述有机盐包括乙酸镍、乙酸钴、乙酸铜、草酸镍、草酸钴、草酸铜;
所述锂电池材料为三元正极材料、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂和负极材料;
所述表面活性剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
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