CN113588941A - 一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体的检测方法及试剂盒 - Google Patents
一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体的检测方法及试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体的检测方法及试剂盒,和试剂盒制备方法和使用。本发明间接胶体金法,是将羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体标记于胶体金,从而可以与带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的ACE2融合蛋白结合,避免ACE2蛋白直接胶体金标记导致其新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白RBD结合域的封闭失活。本发明可快速检测全血、血清或血浆样本中的抗新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白中和抗体。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体的检测方法及试剂盒,和试剂盒制备方法和使用。
背景技术
冠状病毒在系统分类上属冠状病毒科(Coronaviridae)冠状病毒属(Coronavirus)。冠状病毒属的病毒是具外套膜(envelope)的正链单股RNA病毒,直径约80~120nm,其遗传物质是所有RNA病毒中最大的,感染宿主包括人、鼠、蝙蝠、猪、猫、穿山甲、犬、狼、鸡、牛、蛇类、禽类等脊椎动物。2019新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-19,曾用名2019-nCoV)是目前已知的第7种可以感染人的冠状病毒,其余6种分别是HCoV-229E、HCoV-OC43、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-HKU1、SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV。研究表明,其中SARS-CoV-19、SARS-CoV和HCoV-NL63是通过病毒包膜spike glycoprotein(S-protein)介导病毒与宿主细胞膜上的ACE2受体相互作用来感染人的。人感染了新型冠状病毒后常见体征有呼吸道症状、发热、咳嗽、气促和呼吸困难等。在较严重病例中,感染可导致肺炎、严重急性呼吸综合征、肾衰竭,甚至死亡。血清中抗病毒IgM抗体是病毒复制和早期感染的标志,随后会有IgG抗体升高,因而血清学IgM/IgG抗体通常作为病毒感染的检测指标,且可判断近期感染和既往感染。对于感染后产生的抗病毒IgG抗体通常有防止机体再次被感染的作用。另一方面,防治新冠肺炎最直接和有效的方法是接种疫苗,通过接种新型冠状病毒疫苗,诱发机体产生抗新型冠状病毒的抗体,从而保护机体免受新型冠状病毒侵染。但是,无论是感染病毒后产生的自然免疫,还是接种疫苗后的人工免疫,并非病毒或疫苗诱生的所有抗体都能起到保护作用,只有那些能够阻断病毒和人体细胞结合的抗体才能起到较好的保护作用,这种抗体通常被称为中和抗体。目前,对疫情中或疫情后流行病血清学调查主要是检测血清总抗体;但如果能同时检测出中和抗体的含量则对预后及再次感染的风险评估具有重要意义。同样,对于接种疫苗后如果能在检测总抗体的同时检测中和抗体的含量,则对评估疫苗的效果及是否需要和何时再次免疫具有重要意义。
那么,如何检测出中和抗体呢?新型冠状病毒入侵人体细胞的机制是新型冠状病毒通过其表面的棘突蛋白S(配体)与人细胞膜上的ACE2受体特异性结合入侵人体细胞。研究表明,新冠病毒的S蛋白与人ACE2受体有非常强的结合力,亲和力为15nM(平衡解离常数),比SARS病毒强10-20倍。S蛋白与ACE2结合的区域称为受体结合结构域(ReceptorBinding Domain,RBD)。所谓中和抗体就是以RBD为靶点并起到能够阻断S蛋白配体与ACE2受体结合的抗体。因此,我们可以建立配体-受体竞争法检测系统特异地分析血清中新冠病毒中和抗体的含量。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述技术问题,我们根据配体与受体特异性结合的原理,发明了一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体快速检测方法。本发明通过间接胶体金法,避免了ACE2直接标记胶体金导致ACE2蛋白的活性下降甚至失活的现象。
本发明间接胶体金法,是将羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体标记于胶体金,从而可以与带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的ACE2融合蛋白结合,避免ACE2蛋白直接胶体金标记导致其新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白RBD结合域的封闭失活。
另外,本发明还提供了一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体检测试剂盒及其用途和使用方法。
一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体检测试剂盒,包括胶体金结合垫,将羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体标记于胶体金并与带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的ACE2融合蛋白混匀后共同喷涂在胶体金结合垫上,使ACE2融合蛋白通过mFc标签间接偶联在胶体金上。
所述试剂盒包括胶体金标记羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体、带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的重组人ACE2蛋白,胶体金标记的兔IgG、新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白、羊抗兔IgG多抗。
所述试剂盒还包括免疫层析试纸条,免疫层析试纸条包括底衬、硝酸纤维素膜、样品垫、结合垫和吸水纸;样品垫、结合垫、硝酸纤维素膜和吸水纸搭接组装在底衬上,结合垫和吸水纸分别叠压在硝酸纤维素膜的两端,并在硝酸纤维素膜的表面形成检测区,样品垫叠压在结合垫上;检测区的硝酸纤维素膜上设置靠近结合垫的一条检测线区(T线)和靠近吸水纸的一条控制线区(C线)。
基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体检测试剂盒在用于检测新型冠状病毒中和抗体的用途。
基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体检测试剂盒用于新冠肺炎患者康复后和疫苗接种者血清保护抗体的评估。
基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体检测试剂盒的制备方法:将羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体标记于胶体金并与带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的ACE2融合蛋白混匀后共同喷涂在胶体金结合垫上;在硝酸纤维素膜上T、C线区分别包被新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白S1或RBD蛋白、和羊抗兔IgG多抗,获得血清和血浆新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白中和抗体检测试纸条。
所述血清和血浆新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白中和抗体检测试纸条,配合色卡进行肉眼定性判断,或者采用胶体金分析仪定量分析;提供中和抗体的阴/阳性、抑制率等指标;
其中,中和抗体的抑制率根据公式1来计算;检测样本中SARS-CoV-2中和抗体的阴/阳性判断可根据抑制率来设定,具体检测限可在10%-100%的抑制率范围内设定;
公式1:
实验表明,重组的人ACE2蛋白与冠状病毒的S-蛋白有较强的结合力。依据竞争法免疫层析原理,并采用快速、简便、低成本、易用,但灵敏的胶体金法。但ACE2蛋白与新冠病毒的S蛋白RBD的结合域需要处于开放状态才能有效与RBD结合[Jun,L.,et al.Crystalstructure of the 2019-nCoV spike receptor-binding domain bound with the ACE2receptor.bioRxiv.https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.19.956235(2020).],如果直接将ACE2蛋白标记于胶体金很可能造成其RBD结合域的封闭而导致失活。我们通过实验也证明了这一点:将ACE2蛋白直接标记于胶体金,结果无法于层析纸上的T线包被的新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白结合;但将羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体标记于胶体金并与带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的ACE2融合蛋白混匀后共同喷涂在胶体金结合垫上,使ACE2融合蛋白通过mFc标签间接偶联在胶体金上,结果ACE2蛋白与层析纸上的T线包被的新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白有很好的结合,见图1。由此,我们发明了一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体快速检测方法及试剂盒制备,可快速检测全血、血清或血浆样本中的抗新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白中和抗体。
本发明公开了一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体快速检测方法及试剂盒制备,试剂盒包括胶体金标记羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体、带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的重组人ACE2蛋白,胶体金标记的兔IgG、新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白、羊抗兔IgG多抗、层析试纸条等相关材料。本发明通过配体-受体法竞争法定性定量分析新型冠状病毒感染后或接种疫苗后体内是否产生抗新冠病毒S1蛋白的中和抗体,并计算出中和抗体的抑制率,中和抗体的抑制率可作为新冠肺炎患者康复后和疫苗接种者血清保护抗体的评估。中和抗体的抑制率越高表明中和阻断抗体越多,保护作用越强。本申请的检测方法对感染新型冠状病毒后或接种疫苗后体内是否产生保护抗体做出定量分析,为新型冠状病毒后期的血清学流行病普查及疫苗接种指导提供第一手资料。
本发明的优势在于在保留了胶体金免疫层析快速、简便、廉价、稳定好、可实现居家检测等优点外,采用配体与受体相互作用的原理,以及间接胶体金法有效地避免了ACE2蛋白标记失活问题,可将样本中的抗新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白中和抗体检测出来,配合色卡进行肉眼定性判断,或采用胶体金分析仪定量分析,可快速有效评估机体对新型冠状病毒的免疫效果。本发明可对感染新冠病毒后是否产生的自然免疫,以及接种疫苗后的人工免疫效果进行快速筛查和评估。
附图说明
图1为ACE2蛋白胶体金直接标记法和间接法与新冠病毒的S蛋白RBD结合活性的比较;
图2为基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体快速检测方法及试剂盒原理。
具体实施方式
实施例1基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体快速检测方法及试剂盒的制备
1.羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体的胶体金标记步骤:
(1)在电磁搅拌下,将羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体溶液加入胶体金溶液中(pH7.8),加入抗体时应逐滴加入,1mg的蛋白质大约5min加完,每1ml的胶体金溶液加30μg的抗体。
(2)在磁性搅拌下加入5%的牛血清白蛋白(BSA)使其终浓度为1%,(和)或加入3%聚乙二醇(PEG MW20000)使其终浓度为0.05%。
(3)标记的胶体金均在调整离心机上离心,4℃离心1h左右,弃上清,将沉淀以原体积的0.02mol/l TBS pH8.2(内含1%BSA,0.05%叠氮钠)溶解,重复离心2~3次,沉淀溶于原体积1/10的TBS中,4℃保存备用。
2.试剂盒的制备:
(1)取上述胶体金溶液30μL,加入30μg的带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的ACE2融合蛋白,加入缓冲液(2mM,pH7.0的硼酸盐缓冲液,+1%BSA、0.05%PEG20000、2.5%蔗糖、1%海藻糖、1%吐温-20、0.5%tritonX-100、0.05%NaN3),稀释至200μl;
(2)将上述溶液以膜液量60μL/30cm均匀喷涂于胶体金结合垫上,37℃烘干12h备用。
(3)在硝酸纤维素膜上设置靠近结合垫的一条检测线区(T线)和靠近吸水纸的一条控制线区(C线)。用包被稀释液(150mM PB,pH 7.4)分别将重组新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白S1或RBD蛋白、羊抗兔IgG多抗稀释成0.5mg/mL,以膜液量30μL/30cm分别均匀喷涂划线于硝酸纤维素膜检测线区(T线)和控制线区(C线)上,37℃烘干处理12h,封袋备用。
(4)将样品垫、结合垫、硝酸纤维素膜和吸水纸搭接组装在底衬上,结合垫和吸水纸分别叠压在硝酸纤维素膜的两端,并在硝酸纤维素膜的表面形成检测区(T线区靠近结合垫,C线区靠近吸水纸),样品垫叠压在结合垫上,组装后形成试纸板,切割成宽度3mm条状,制成所述的基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体快速检测试纸(图2)。
实施例2基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体快速检测试剂盒的应用
基于本发明技术方案研发的基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体快速检测试剂盒可应用于新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染后,以及新型冠状病毒疫苗接种后血清学中和抗体和总IgG抗体的快速检测评估,检测样本包括全血、血浆、血清。
试剂盒检测结果应用胶体金分析仪进行定量分析,并提供中和抗体的阴/阳性、抑制率等指标。
中和抗体的抑制率根据公式1来计算;检测样本中SARS-CoV-2中和抗体的阴/阳性判断可根据抑制率来设定,具体检测限可在10%-100%的抑制率范围内设定,如见表1。
表1检测样本中SARS-CoV-2中和抗体的阴/阳性判断
取7份无新冠病史、没有接种新冠疫苖的健康志愿者血清和7份新冠疫苖接种二次后7天以上的志愿者血清,用本发明技术方案研发的试剂盒进行检测,结果见表3。
表3
Claims (8)
1.一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体检测方法,其特征在于:所述方法通过间接胶体金法,所述间接胶体金法是将羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体标记于胶体金,从而可以与带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的ACE2融合蛋白结合,避免ACE2蛋白直接胶体金标记导致其新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白RBD结合域的封闭失活。
2.一种基于间接胶体金法的新型冠状病毒中和抗体检测试剂盒,包括胶体金结合垫,其特征在于:将羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体标记于胶体金并与带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的ACE2融合蛋白混匀后共同喷涂在胶体金结合垫上,使ACE2融合蛋白通过mFc标签间接偶联在胶体金上。
3.如权利要求2所述的试剂盒,其特征在于:包括胶体金标记羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体、带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的重组人ACE2蛋白,胶体金标记的兔IgG、新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白、羊抗兔IgG多抗。
4.如权利要求2所述的试剂盒,其特征在于:所述试剂盒还包括免疫层析试纸条,免疫层析试纸条包括底衬、硝酸纤维素膜、样品垫、结合垫和吸水纸;样品垫、结合垫、硝酸纤维素膜和吸水纸搭接组装在底衬上,结合垫和吸水纸分别叠压在硝酸纤维素膜的两端,并在硝酸纤维素膜的表面形成检测区,样品垫叠压在结合垫上;检测区的硝酸纤维素膜上设置靠近结合垫的一条检测线区(T线)和靠近吸水纸的一条控制线区(C线)。
5.权利要求2-4任一所述的试剂盒在用于检测新型冠状病毒中和抗体的用途。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,用于新冠肺炎患者康复后和疫苗接种者血清保护抗体的评估。
7.权利要求4所述的试剂盒的制备方法,其特征在于:将羊抗小鼠IgG Fc段抗体标记于胶体金并与带小鼠IgG Fc段标签的ACE2融合蛋白混匀后共同喷涂在胶体金结合垫上;在硝酸纤维素膜上T、C线区分别包被新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白S1或RBD蛋白、和羊抗兔IgG多抗,获得血清和血浆新型冠状病毒棘突蛋白中和抗体检测试纸条。
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