CN113578932A

CN113578932A - Harmless recycling method for in-situ classification of building domestic garbage in residential community

Info

Publication number: CN113578932A
Application number: CN202110906025.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李俊; 祝刚隆
Original assignee: Sichuan Shenlong Environmental Protection Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Shenlong Environmental Protection Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-09
Filing date: 2021-08-09
Publication date: 2021-11-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a harmless recycling method for classifying domestic garbage of a residential community in situ, which adopts a system comprising the following steps: a dry garbage recycling subsystem, a wet garbage recycling subsystem, a gas circulation treatment subsystem and a temperature and humidity control subsystem; the dry garbage recycling subsystem is used for preparing the dry garbage into solid fuel; the wet garbage recycling subsystem carries out biotransformation on wet garbage; the temperature and humidity control subsystem and the fan jointly regulate the temperature and the humidity in the wet garbage recycling subsystem; further comprising the steps of: receiving living dry garbage, rolling, crushing, drying and granulating to obtain solid fuel; and receiving the domestic wet garbage, and crushing, squeezing and carrying out biotransformation. The method thoroughly realizes the in-situ classification and recycling of harmless household garbage through biotransformation and biomass derived fuel, and the garbage treatment process has no environmental pollution and high added value of recycled resources.

Description

Harmless recycling method for in-situ classification of building domestic garbage in residential community

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of harmless recycling treatment of garbage, in particular to an in-situ classification harmless recycling method for household garbage in residential districts and buildings.

Background

At present, the urban domestic garbage is increased gradually, the components of the domestic garbage are complex, the water content is high, the domestic garbage is easy to decay and degrade, the generated malodorous gas and exuded liquid seriously influence the surrounding living environment, and the domestic garbage treatment cannot be avoided.

The existing municipal solid waste treatment mainly adopts three centralized treatment modes of landfill, incineration and compost.

The landfill is realized by dividing the landfill site into small units for landfill, and the treatment process is as follows: the method comprises the steps of cell scattered collection → centralized transportation → garbage discharge → garbage paving → garbage compaction → surface coverage (including HDPE daily coverage, middle coverage and final soil coverage) → vegetation restoration, and meanwhile, corresponding biogas collection and treatment systems and leachate collection and treatment systems need to be built; however, the landfill method is not completely harmless, a large amount of bacteria and viruses are left, hidden dangers of methane pollution, heavy metal pollution and the like exist, secondary pollution can be caused by garbage leakage liquid, the potential hazard of the method is large, the environment and the future generations are left, the landfill is forbidden in many developed countries, and the landfill of the garbage is gradually tightened in China.

The process of domestic waste incineration comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of scattered garbage collection → centralized closed transportation → weighing → unloading → garbage storage (proper and uniform, fermentation and partial leachate filtering) → charging → incineration → waste heat utilization → power generation, and household garbage incineration also needs to be matched with a filtrate collection and treatment system, a smoke treatment system and a slag and fly ash treatment system.

The garbage compost is a harmless treatment method mainly based on an aerobic process and mainly degrading and stabilizing organic matters by aerobic microorganisms in the presence of oxygen, and consists of the working procedures of pretreatment → main fermentation (primary fermentation/primary fermentation) → after-fermentation (secondary fermentation/secondary fermentation) → after-treatment, deodorization, storage and the like.

The three municipal refuse centralized treatment modes have the following main problems in different degrees:

(1) mixing various wastes. Leading to higher risk of contamination or disposal costs;

(2) and suburb scale centralized treatment is adopted. The garbage smells due to untimely collection, transportation and treatment, the system construction scale is large, the investment is large, the occupied area is large, the transportation distance is long, the transportation cost is high, and the environment (odor, scattering, leachate leakage and the like) in the loading and transportation process is polluted;

(3) high management requirement and operation cost, low resource degree and added value thereof, and incomplete harmlessness. The items have poor hematopoietic function and depend on government subsidies for a long time to maintain operation.

From the above, the key to solve the above problems is to classify the domestic garbage from the source in the living area in situ and in time and to recycle high-valued resources. In recent years, in residential communities, in response to the demand for garbage classification, a plurality of labeled garbage cans are placed in main population moving positions in the residential communities to guide owner classification and delivery, and local classification processing is not performed. In order to classify and process the living garbage of the residential area from the source in situ and in time, a plurality of new technologies are developed and produced, and the technologies are divided into the following categories:

(1) and (5) volume reduction treatment. Comprises the steps of volume reduction through compression and volume reduction through crushing and drying, such as the domestic garbage compression treatment from the source in situ as proposed in the technologies of patent documents CN108529068B, CN211160092U, CN111319895A, CN210508246U, CN110230382A, CN206509074U, CN203512495U and the like; and the volume reduction of the domestic garbage is realized by crushing, classifying or drying as proposed in patent documents CN111906120A, CN111420771A, CN111203311A, CN209318410U, CN207538142U and CN 207372024U. The above documents can realize volume reduction of garbage and shipment efficiency at the time of collective collection, but the above three main problems are not fundamentally solved.

(2) The crushed material is discharged into a sewer after primary treatment. For example, the proposals proposed in patents CN211329760U and CN211100750U mainly solve the on-site treatment of part of wet garbage (kitchen garbage), which not only wastes resources and increases the difficulty of municipal sewage treatment, but also has the problems of centralized collection and transportation, centralized treatment of dry garbage, and does not fundamentally solve the above-mentioned second and third problems.

(3) And (4) designing garbage classification and separate throwing stations. The methods proposed in patent documents CN111348943A, CN109081002A, CN103640828A, etc. solve the problems of in-situ dehydration, pulverization, oil extraction treatment and classification, but also cannot fundamentally solve the second and third problems mentioned above.

(4) And (4) performing biodegradation treatment. Anaerobic fermentation is used for producing biogas and composting, and patent documents CN211713104U, CN110862924A, CN208500926U, CN205188273U, CN203764631U, CN103466886A and the like mainly aim at kitchen waste (wet waste) in the household waste to produce biogas through fermentation, so that partial recycling of the household waste is realized, but the dry waste still needs centralized treatment, harmlessness and recycling are not thorough, and the recycling scale is small and the value is low; CN210966320U, CN210479726U, CN109772863B, CN109772863A, CN109772863B, CN209697702U, CN209144038U, CN102746035A and the like solve the problems of on-site treatment and fertilizer reclamation, but still have the problems of difficult centralized collection and transportation and centralized treatment of dry garbage, and do not fundamentally solve the second and the third problems mentioned above.

(5) And (4) treating wet garbage insects. The kitchen waste is treated by earthworms and cockroach insects through a designed device as proposed in patent document CN209711177U, so that the kitchen waste is recycled (animal protein and insect residue organic fertilizer), but the concentrated collection and transportation treatment of dry waste still exists, and the second and third problems mentioned above are not fundamentally solved.

(6) And (5) performing supercritical oxidation treatment. The classification and the harmlessness achieved by using supercritical oxidation garbage as proposed in patent documents CN102641885A and CN102101122A, but the reaction conditions are severe, the resources are wasted, and the system investment cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an on-site classification harmless recycling system for building domestic garbage in residential districts, which thoroughly realizes on-site classification recycling of harmless domestic garbage through biotransformation and biomass derived fuel gasification.

The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a harmless recycling system for classifying domestic garbage of residential districts in situ comprises: a dry garbage recycling subsystem, a wet garbage recycling subsystem, a gas circulation treatment subsystem and a temperature and humidity control subsystem;

the dry garbage recycling subsystem comprises a hopper for receiving live dry garbage, a rolling mill, a first crusher, a dryer and a granulator, wherein a feed inlet of the rolling mill is connected with an output end of the hopper, an input end of the first crusher is connected with an output end of the rolling mill, an input end of the dryer is connected with an output end of the first crusher, an input end of the granulator is connected with an output end of the dryer, and the granulator outputs solid fuel;

the wet garbage recycling subsystem comprises a second crusher for receiving the domestic wet garbage, a squeezer connected with the output end of the second crusher, a fermentation tank connected with the output end of the squeezer, and a cultivation fertilizer output by the fermentation tank to a cultivation empty box for cultivating organisms in the cultivation empty box;

the gas circulation treatment subsystem comprises a fan for extracting gas in the dry garbage recycling subsystem and the wet garbage recycling subsystem, and the temperature and humidity control subsystem and the fan jointly regulate the temperature and the humidity in the wet garbage recycling subsystem.

Further, the septic tank is connected with the squeezer and used for receiving sewage generated after the squeezer squeezes.

Furthermore, larvae of the hermetia illucens breeding/processing base are arranged in the breeding empty box.

Further, the press is a screw press.

In addition, a harmless recycling method for classifying domestic garbage of the buildings in residential districts in situ is also provided, the method can be used for recycling dry and wet domestic garbage, and the method comprises the following steps:

receiving living dry garbage, rolling, crushing, drying and granulating to obtain solid fuel;

and receiving the domestic wet garbage, and crushing, squeezing and carrying out biotransformation.

Further, the step of receiving the living dry garbage, rolling, crushing, drying and granulating to obtain the solid fuel specifically comprises the following steps:

receiving the domestic dry garbage, and rolling and shredding the garbage such as large blocks, fabrics and the like in the domestic dry garbage;

then crushing the waste into small dry granular garbage at a high speed by a crusher and drying the garbage;

and preparing the dried small-particle dry garbage into solid fuel.

Further, the steps of receiving the wet domestic garbage, crushing, squeezing and biotransformation specifically comprise the following steps:

receiving the domestic wet garbage, crushing and refining the domestic wet garbage, and then carrying out screw pressing to extrude excessive water;

carrying out medium-temperature fermentation on the wet household garbage with the squeezed water, cooling and then sending into a cultivation empty box;

the larvae in the breeding empty box process the fermented domestic wet garbage to grow into adults.

Further, the dryness of the small-particle dry garbage is 85% -90%.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps:

in the processes of receiving dry household garbage to obtain solid fuel and receiving wet household garbage for biotransformation, gas is pumped out by a fan and recycled after the gas is biologically treated;

in the process of receiving the domestic wet garbage and carrying out biotransformation, the environmental temperature and the humidity are adjusted by the fan and the temperature control system.

Further, the temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the humidity is 60-80%.

Has the advantages that:

the invention provides a method for classifying and recycling building domestic garbage in situ in residential districts, which thoroughly realizes the in-situ classification and recycling of harmless domestic garbage by biotransformation and biomass derived fuel, realizes that the domestic garbage cannot leave the residential districts, and avoids long-distance transportation, environmental pollution and high transportation cost; the system has short flow and simple operation, the sanitation workers in the areas can put the classified garbage into the corresponding subsystems, the system is convenient to apply, meanwhile, the garbage in each area is cleaned by the sanitation workers in the area and is not limited by centralized cleaning vehicles, the garbage treatment process has no environmental pollution, the added value of recovered resources is high, long-distance transportation cost and expensive emission and treatment cost of incineration and power generation are avoided, the financial subsidy can be greatly reduced, the system can operate continuously, the treatment is timely, the treatment is flexible, the operation and the closing of the system are flexible according to the daily garbage amount to be treated in the area, and 24-hour uninterrupted operation is not needed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a harmless recycling system for classifying domestic garbage of residential districts in situ.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for classifying and recycling the domestic garbage of the residential district in situ.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as upper, lower, left, right, front and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.

In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a household garbage in-situ classification harmless recycling system for residential quarters, and the structure diagram can refer to fig. 1, and the system comprises a dry garbage recycling subsystem 1, a wet garbage recycling subsystem 2, a gas circulation treatment subsystem 3 and a temperature and humidity control subsystem 4; specifically, the dry garbage recycling subsystem 1 comprises a hopper 11 for receiving the domestic dry garbage, a rolling mill 12, a first crusher 13, a dryer 14 and a granulator 15, wherein a feed inlet of the rolling mill 12 is connected with an output end of the hopper 11, an input end of the first crusher 13 is connected with an output end of the rolling mill 12, an input end of the dryer 14 is connected with an output end of the first crusher 13, an input end of the granulator 15 is connected with an output end of the dryer 14, and the granulator 15 outputs the solid fuel;

in this embodiment, dry garbage enters a rolling mill 12 through a hopper 11, and is rolled and shredded into large pieces, fabric and other garbage, and then is crushed into small particles at a high speed by a first crusher 13, and then enters a small-sized dryer 14 for nearly moderate drying, so that the dryness of the crushed garbage is increased to 85% -90%, and then the garbage is made into particles or other shaped fuels by a forming machine in a granulator 15.

The wet garbage recycling subsystem 2 comprises a second crusher 21 for receiving the domestic wet garbage, a squeezer 22 connected with the output end of the second crusher 21, a fermentation tank 23 connected with the output end of the squeezer 22, and a cultivation fertilizer output by the fermentation tank 23 to a cultivation empty box 24 for cultivating organisms in the cultivation empty box;

in this embodiment, the wet garbage firstly enters the second pulverizer 21 for pulverization and refinement, then excessive moisture is squeezed out through a squeezer 22 such as a screw squeezer, dry residues are sent to a fermentation tank 23 for mesophilic fermentation for 24 hours, natural stink in the treatment process is avoided, the dry residues are cooled to normal temperature, and then the dry residues are sent to a cultivation empty box 24 of a hermetia illucens cultivation frame, of course, other larvae can be cultivated in other embodiments, larvae from a hermetia illucens cultivation/processing base are added into the cultivation empty box 24, the distributed garbage is treated in about 7-10 days, hermetia illucens grow into adults, the mature adults are insect proteins with extremely high value, the adult proteins are also high-grade organic fertilizers of biodiesel and cultivation feeds, and insect sand generated during the garbage treatment of the larvae can be made into organic fertilizers.

Preferably, a small amount of sewage is generated after the wet garbage is squeezed, and the sewage directly enters a septic tank under the building through a pipeline for treatment.

The gas circulation processing subsystem 3 comprises a plurality of fans, the fan 32 is used for extracting gas in the dry garbage recycling subsystem and the wet garbage recycling subsystem, and the temperature and humidity control subsystem and the fan 31 in the gas circulation processing subsystem 3 jointly adjust the temperature and the humidity in the wet garbage recycling subsystem.

Specifically, the dry waste recycling subsystem and the wet waste recycling subsystem have a small amount of odor, the systems are performed in a relatively closed environment in order to avoid influencing the environment, and the air is pumped out by the fan 32, treated by the air biological treatment system and then sent into the room for cyclic utilization, so that the influence of long-time untreated air on the environment is avoided; the temperature and humidity of the wet garbage bioconversion system can be adjusted by the fan 31 and the temperature and humidity control system to keep the indoor temperature and humidity of the part not too high or too low, generally the temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 60-80%.

The system provided in the embodiment has the following characteristics:

(1) timely treatment on site and no long-distance transportation: the domestic garbage is complex in components and high in water content, the large-scale centralized treatment and the collection and transportation cost reduction are realized, the untimely collection and transportation are easily caused, the accumulated land, the collection and transportation way and the unloading workshop are easily polluted, and after the domestic garbage in centralized areas such as a residential quarter and an office building is preliminarily classified according to the national requirements, the domestic garbage can timely enter the system to be treated on the spot, so that the cost and the environmental pollution caused by long-distance collection and transportation are avoided.

(2) Garbage classification recycling and harmless treatment: the dangerous garbage and the recyclable garbage after the preliminary classification are recovered and treated by qualified professional recovery and treatment companies, the system only treats other classified garbage (dry household garbage) and wet garbage (kitchen garbage), and the other classified garbage and the wet garbage are respectively recycled according to respective value characteristics, so that the difficulty of mixed treatment in the traditional technology is avoided; the derived fuel is obtained after the dry garbage is treated and can be used as fuel for a biomass boiler, and the heat of the dry garbage is fully utilized; the wet waste is converted into insect proteins by a bioconversion system. The two kinds of garbage are completely recycled and are non-toxic and harmless.

(3) The treatment process has no environmental pollution: the garbage is treated in time on site, and the odor of a garbage collection point is small; the treatment environment is closed, and the gas is circularly treated by the biological deodorization system, so that a small amount of odor is avoided; a small amount of sewage generated in the process of pressing the treated wet garbage is discharged into an underground septic tank of a building for treatment, and the sewage discharge amount in the whole process is small; after the two kinds of garbage are subjected to resource treatment, the derived fuel, the insect protein and the insect sand (organic fertilizer) are obtained, and no solid waste is discharged.

(4) The added value of the recycled resources is high: the heat value of the derived fuel obtained by recycling the two types of garbage through the system is greatly higher than that of the existing mixed garbage, the derived fuel can be combusted without adding extra fire coal, the emission in the combustion process is easy to reach the standard, the derived fuel is greatly superior to that of the existing mixed garbage incineration, and the market value is high; after the wet garbage is biologically converted into insect protein, the wet garbage can be directly used as feed for livestock and poultry breeding and aquaculture, can also be used as raw materials of biodiesel, animal protein powder, other biological products and the like, and has wide application and very high market value. The value is obviously higher than the value of the recycled resources under the traditional technology.

(5) The system has small occupied area, small investment and flexible operation: the system can be flexibly designed and arranged beside the underground garage according to the scale size, large-scale pollution treatment equipment investment is not needed, and the investment of unit garbage treatment capacity is smaller than that of other treatment technologies such as garbage incineration and the like; the processing capacity is small, the equipment is small, the flow is short, and therefore the occupied area is relatively small; after the daily garbage amount in the area is processed, the system can be closed without uninterrupted operation for 24 hours; the derived fuel obtained by recovery can be sold regularly, and the insect protein imagoes can be directly sent to a set concentration area for concentrated processing.

Example 2

Based on the system in embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a method for classifying domestic garbage of residential buildings in situ as harmless resource, and with reference to fig. 2, the method includes the steps of:

s1: receiving living dry garbage, rolling, crushing, drying and granulating to obtain solid fuel;

in the step, the dry garbage recycling subsystem receives the domestic dry garbage, and rolls and shreds the garbage such as large blocks, fabrics and the like in the domestic dry garbage; then crushing the waste into small dry granular garbage at a high speed by a crusher and drying the garbage; and preparing the dried small-particle dry garbage into solid fuel.

S2: receiving the domestic wet garbage, and crushing, squeezing and biotransforming the domestic wet garbage;

in the embodiment, the wet garbage recycling subsystem 2 receives the domestic wet garbage, crushes and refines the domestic wet garbage, and then performs spiral squeezing to extrude excessive water; carrying out medium-temperature fermentation on the wet household garbage with the squeezed water, cooling and then sending into a cultivation empty box; the larva in the cultivation empty box treats the fermented domestic wet garbage and grows into imagoes.

S3: in the processes of steps S1 and S2, the gas is pumped out by a fan and recycled after being subjected to gas biological treatment;

in the processes of the steps S1 and S2, a small amount of odor exists, the system is performed in a relatively closed environment in order to avoid influencing the environment, the air is pumped out by the fan 32, treated by the gas biological treatment system and then sent into the room for recycling, and the influence on the environment caused by the fact that the air is not treated for a long time is avoided;

s4: in the process of step S2, the ambient temperature and humidity are adjusted by the fan and temperature control system.

In the process of step S2, the temperature and humidity of the indoor environment can be adjusted by the fan 31 and the temperature and humidity control system to maintain the temperature and humidity of the indoor environment not too high or too low, generally the temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ to 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 60% to 80%.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.

Claims

1. An in-situ classification harmless recycling method for building domestic garbage in residential districts is characterized in that,

use a harmless resourceful system of residential quarter building domestic waste classification on spot, this system includes: a dry garbage recycling subsystem, a wet garbage recycling subsystem, a gas circulation treatment subsystem and a temperature and humidity control subsystem;

the gas circulation treatment subsystem comprises a fan for extracting gas in the dry garbage recycling subsystem and the wet garbage recycling subsystem, and the temperature and humidity control subsystem and the fan jointly regulate the temperature and the humidity in the wet garbage recycling subsystem;

the method comprises the following steps:

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of receiving the living dry waste for rolling, crushing, drying and granulating to obtain the solid fuel comprises the following steps:

and preparing the dried small-particle dry garbage into solid fuel.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps of receiving wet domestic garbage for crushing, pressing and biotransformation comprise the following steps:

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the small particle dry waste has a dryness of 85% to 90%.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising the step of:

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is between 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ and the humidity is between 60% and 80%.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system for classifying and recycling domestic garbage of residential building in situ further comprises a septic tank connected to the press for receiving sewage generated after the press is pressed.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation void box is populated with larvae from a hermetia illucens breeding/processing base.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the press is a screw press.