CN112097263A - Mixed household garbage sorting harmless treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system, which includes a garbage pretreatment system, a bag breaking system, a garbage sorting and processing system and a deodorizing system; the garbage sorting and processing system includes separating dry garbage and wet garbage. The open sorting machine, the dry garbage is burned through the domestic garbage incineration system, and then the flue gas is purified and discharged into the air through the flue gas purification treatment system. The wet garbage is fermented through the garbage fermentation system, and the fermented garbage is anaerobic fermentation. Tank fermentation to form combustible gas and biogas residue biogas slurry, the biogas residue is used as field fertilizer, and the biogas slurry is used for flower watering; the odor is collected in the deodorization system, and then purified and discharged. After the garbage is classified, the non-organic garbage can be incinerated to reduce the amount, and the organic garbage can be completely recycled and reused, which truly achieves the harmless treatment of domestic garbage and resource reuse, and the multi-stage deodorization device can make the indoor environment cleaner. , suitable for all domestic waste treatment systems.

Description

Mixed domestic waste sorting harmless treatment system

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage disposal, and relates to a domestic garbage disposal system, in particular to a mixed domestic garbage sorting and harmless disposal system.

Background technique

With the rapid development of urban construction and new rural construction in China, the output of domestic waste is increasing day by day, and it is particularly important to treat the waste harmlessly. In the prior art, there are mainly two methods for dealing with domestic garbage. One is the heap retting method. During garbage treatment, water is directly poured onto the garbage heap, and the organic water is poured down to carry out anaerobic fermentation. Water is poured onto the top of the garbage again, and the organic matter is dissolved through the garbage layer, and then anaerobic fermentation is carried out. This process is repeated to dissolve the organic matter in the garbage. However, the defects of this treatment process are: the cycle is too long, the waste storage space is too large, the treatment efficiency is low, and the odor is large. The second is the door-type anaerobic dry fermentation method. The collected garbage is directly placed on the conveyor, pushed into the door-type fermenter, the feeding port is closed, and the fermentation containing anaerobic bacteria is directly sprayed above the conveyor. Liquid, repeatedly spray the garbage loaded on the conveying vehicle, dissolve the fermentable organic matter, until the garbage becomes stable, drag the conveying vehicle containing the garbage out, enter the second cycle, and so on. The defects of this treatment process are: the sealing performance of the portal anaerobic fermenter is poor, the biogas after fermentation is easy to leak, and the risk factor in the treatment process is large. The above two methods of waste treatment are to harmlessly treat the organic waste in the waste through fermentation. The fermented biogas residue is not reused, but is directly accumulated or landfilled, and some non-organic wastes need to be incinerated. deal with.

In the prior art, the flue gas in the waste incineration process contains a large amount of harmful gases, especially the highly toxic carcinogen - dioxin. If the flue gas after the waste incineration is directly discharged into the air, it will not only pollute the atmospheric environment, but also It will pose a threat to human health, so it is necessary to carry out harmless treatment of the flue gas from waste incineration. The incineration of garbage in the prior art requires purification treatment such as quenching, desulfurization, and bag dust removal before it can be discharged into the air, so as to reduce the content of harmful gases in the flue gas, and finally achieve the purpose of reducing and harmless treatment of domestic garbage. .

In the prior art, methods such as pyrolysis gasification incineration or two-stage incineration, control of copper oxidation, and complete combustion of peroxygen at high temperature in two combustion chambers are often used to control the generation of dioxins, but these methods cannot remove the dioxins in the flue gas. The oxin is reduced to less or completely eliminated. With the continuous improvement of catalytic technology, the decomposition catalytic technology in the flue gas treatment system of domestic waste incineration has gradually matured and been applied. However, due to the harsh conditions of the catalytic method and strict restrictions on the temperature, humidity and dust content of the flue gas, the existing equipment generally needs to be equipped with an electric auxiliary heating device when catalyzing the decomposition of dioxin in the flue gas. The cost is high, and the effect of catalytic decomposition of dioxin is not obvious, and it is difficult to purify the flue gas to the national emission standard. Therefore, in the existing domestic waste incineration flue gas treatment system, the catalyst method is used for special treatment of dioxins.

At the same time, my country's domestic garbage does not have strict garbage classification. Especially in the process of garbage collection and transportation, garbage is mixed and transported and stored. However, when dealing with garbage, it is necessary to separate dry garbage and wet garbage. Pick them out and carry out different processing techniques to achieve the reuse of resources. In the prior art, the classification of garbage is mostly manual sorting, and large plastic bottles or combustible garbage are sorted out. However, the smell in the garbage treatment plant is unpleasant, the working environment is poor, and there is a lot of garbage processed every day. Therefore, the work efficiency is low. Or use a robot for sorting, but multiple robots need to be set up on a conveyor line, which increases the production cost, and some garbage cannot be completely dispersed on the conveyor belt. The stacking of garbage will affect the recognition of the robots. Completely clean up the garbage that needs to be sorted, adding difficulty to the subsequent garbage disposal.

Most of the deodorizing systems in the prior art form a negative pressure in the factory building to suck away the odor emitted in the factory building, but this method does not solve the problem of odor from the source. Although the odor outside the factory building is relatively small, the The odor inside is still large, which will not only make the working environment poor, but also attract more insects and flies, causing pollution to the surrounding environment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system, so as to supplement the consumption of energy by solar energy, so that the energy of the entire garbage treatment system is conserved and the consumption of resources is reduced; All organic garbage is recycled and reused. After non-organic garbage is burned and discharged, the flue gas is harmless and can meet the national emission standard; the garbage sorting is pure, and the odor in the garbage treatment plant is small.

For achieving the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

It includes a garbage pretreatment system, a bag breaking system, a garbage sorting and processing system, and a deodorizing system, which are sequentially connected by a conveying device and are arranged indoors;

The waste pretreatment system includes a transport device and a trommel screen fixed on the transport device for sorting soil and stone;

The garbage sorting and processing system includes a sorting machine, a domestic garbage incineration system connected to the dry garbage outlet of the sorting machine, and a wet garbage outlet connected to the sorting machine through a conveying device for sorting paper and organic garbage. Air separator, paper collecting device connected to one outlet of air separator, garbage fermentation system connected to another outlet of air separator;

The household waste incineration system is connected with a flue gas purification treatment system through pipes, and the flue gas purification treatment system includes a flue gas quenching tower, a bag filter, an activated carbon adsorption tower, a flue gas preheater and a dioxin sequentially connected through pipes. British catalytic decomposer; wherein, the flue gas preheater is located in the flue gas outlet of the domestic waste incineration system;

The garbage fermentation system includes a first pulverizer, a first stirring tank, a second pulverizer, a second stirring tank, a sewage pump, and an anaerobic fermentation tank, which are sequentially connected to the outlet of the air separator for discharging organic garbage through a conveying device. , A biogas tank for storing fermentation gas, a solid-liquid separator for separating biogas residue and biogas liquid is fixed on the anaerobic fermentation tank, and the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with the solar panel to provide electricity for the anaerobic fermentation tank ;

The deodorizing system includes a gas collection device, a fan for generating negative pressure in the gas collection device, connected to the gas collection device through a pipeline and used for sealing the conveying device, as well as a garbage pretreatment system, a bag breaking system, and a garbage sorting and processing system. The sealing cover, the suction hood connected with the fan through the pipeline to eliminate the indoor odor, and the spraying device for spraying the deodorant liquid into the room, the gas collecting device is connected with the light hydrogen ion purifier and the deodorant through the pipeline in turn. Stink tower connection.

As a limitation of the present invention: a bag filter for dust removal is also fixed on the transportation device of the garbage pretreatment system.

As a further limitation of the present invention: both the dry garbage outlet and the wet garbage outlet of the sorting machine are connected with a demagnetization integrated machine.

As another limitation of the present invention: the domestic waste incineration system includes an incinerator body, and a grid-shaped secondary combustion chamber for heat storage provided above the incinerator body; the side wall of the incinerator body is fixed on the A magnetization device is provided, and the bottom of the incinerator body is communicated with the hot air generating device through a primary hot air duct; at least one group of denitrification liquid atomization devices are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the incinerator body.

As a further limitation of the present invention: the flue gas quenching tower includes a quenching tower body, and a water spray device, a mist condensation device, a dehydration device and a drainage device arranged inside the quenching tower body; The flue gas inlet at the top of the tower body; the mist condensing device is arranged at the upper position inside the tower body of the quenching tower, below the water spray device; the dehydration device is arranged at the middle position inside the tower body of the quenching tower, Located above the flue gas outlet; the drainage device is arranged at the bottom of the quenching tower body, below the flue gas outlet; the quenching tower body is provided with an inlet temperature sensor and an outlet temperature sensor, and the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet The temperature sensors are all electrically connected to the PLC controller respectively.

As a further limitation of the present invention: the dioxin catalytic decomposer includes a decomposer casing and a catalytic decomposition device, the catalytic decomposition device is arranged inside the decomposer casing, and includes at least three groups of catalytic modules, each group of catalytic modules They all include through-hole plates and catalyst fillers, each group of catalyst modules is provided with a filler door above, and the filler door is opened on the decomposer housing.

As a third limitation of the present invention: a flue gas desulfurization device is also provided between the flue gas quenching tower and the bag filter in the flue gas purification treatment system; the flue gas desulfurization device includes a flue gas quenching tower and The bag filter is connected to the desulfurizer atomization module and the flue gas dust removal module on the pipeline.

As a further limitation of the present invention, a flue heat exchanger is also arranged between the bag filter and the activated carbon adsorption tower in the flue gas purification treatment system.

As a further limitation of the present invention: the spraying device is fixed on the top of the room and is a pipe spraying device capable of generating spray; the doorway into the room is provided with a wind screen to prevent insects and flies from entering.

As a fourth limitation of the present invention, the biogas cabinet is sequentially connected with a desulfurization tower, a three-leaf Roots blower, a biogas hot water boiler and a heating system.

Owing to adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) Before the garbage is transported, the present invention pretreats the garbage, sorts out the clods or sandstones in the garbage, and prevents the equipment from being damaged when the garbage is broken;

The pretreated garbage is separated into dry garbage and wet garbage under the action of the sorting machine. The dry garbage is used for incineration, and the wet garbage is used for fermentation. The flue gas is treated for dust reduction, so that the temperature, humidity and dust content of the flue gas can reach the conditions limited by the catalytic decomposition of dioxin, which solves the defect that the existing equipment needs to be equipped with an electric auxiliary heating device, and reduces the operating cost of the equipment. , and greatly improve the purification effect of harmful substances (especially dioxins) in the flue gas. After a series of treatments, it passes through the incinerator before discharge, which is conducive to heating the flue gas at the temperature generated during incineration, so that the flue gas is heated. The temperature is outside the temperature range where dioxins are generated, which can not only effectively prevent the production of dioxins, but also facilitate temperature control, and avoid waste of resources. The reduction and harmless treatment of domestic waste is more efficient and clean, suitable for To promote the application;

Due to the incomplete separation of wet garbage, there may still be some lighter garbage such as paper and plastic sheets. It can be reused. The organic waste can be reused through fermentation. After the organic waste is fermented, the biogas residue and the biogas liquid are separated by a solid-liquid separator. The biogas residue is transported by farmers as organic fertilizer for trees and green fertilizers. Part of the liquid is recycled as bacterial liquid back into the anaerobic tank, and the other part is treated and purified in the sewage treatment station and then used for water in the factory workshop, flower and tree sprinkler irrigation, so that the organic waste can be completely recycled and reused, and no harmful effects will be produced. substance;

The sealing cover seals the conveying device and other treatment systems in the garbage transportation process, and sucks the odor into the gas collecting device for processing through the pipeline, so that all links in the garbage sorting process can prevent the odor from being released arbitrarily, and the garbage is stored in the garbage. The smell of the garbage before pretreatment is sucked into the air collecting device through the suction hood, and the deodorant liquid is sprayed indoors to reduce the generation of odor, so that the deodorization efficiency is higher, and the environment for garbage sorting is cleaner. ;

(2) The trommel screen of the present invention can sort out the clods or sand and gravel in the garbage to prevent the equipment from being damaged in the subsequent technological process. At the same time, a bag filter is installed to prevent the generation of dust, reduce dust, and make garbage. The sorting environment is cleaner;

(3) Both the dry garbage outlet and the wet garbage outlet of the sorting machine of the present invention are equipped with a demagnetization integrated function, which can screen out the iron wire and other substances in the garbage for recycling and reuse, so that the sorting and classification of the garbage is more thorough;

(4) The domestic waste incineration system in the present invention changes the combustion environment by setting up a magnetizing device, and uses the hot air generating device to use the reflux hot air technology to reduce the influence of moisture content on the combustion of waste, and ensure the sufficiency and stability of combustion; this device It can stably increase the furnace temperature of the incinerator body to the upper limit of the temperature limit, ensure the full combustion of domestic waste, reduce the content of harmful substances in the ash and slag, and greatly improve the effect of the reduction and disposal of domestic waste; the secondary combustion in the domestic waste incineration system The chamber is a grid-shaped heat storage structure, which can divide the flue gas, which is conducive to the re-burning of the combustible components in the flue gas, and can effectively reduce the content of harmful substances in the flue gas;

(5) A denitrification liquid atomization device is fixed on the incinerator body in the household waste incineration system of the present invention, which can spray denitrification liquid during household waste incineration, and reduce the generation of harmful gases during household waste incineration through high temperature denitration reaction. Helps to reduce the emission of pollutants in the flue gas; the flue gas quenching tower in the flue gas purification treatment system adopts the direct heat exchange method of water and gas, and the high temperature flue gas is rapidly cooled to 200 ℃ through direct heat exchange between water and high temperature flue gas It can effectively block the synthesis path of dioxin-like substances in the process of flue gas cooling; the device has good quenching effect, and can overcome the slow cooling speed of the existing structure and the easy adhesion of dirt on the inner wall of the flue gas quenching tower. Defects that disable the equipment;

(6) The mist condensing device installed in the flue gas quenching tower of the present invention can recondense the steam formed after the heat exchange between the high temperature flue gas and the water flow into water droplets, which can reduce the humidity of the flue gas after cooling; on the other hand, the high temperature smoke When the gas enters the tower body of the quenching tower, the fog condensing device can cause resistance to the flow of the high-temperature flue gas, and then separate the large-area high-temperature flue gas into small-area high-temperature flue gas, which is more suitable for cooling treatment;

(7) The dehydration device set in the flue gas quenching tower of the present invention can dehydrate the flue gas after cooling, the dehydration speed is fast, the efficiency is high, and the humidity of the flue gas can be effectively reduced; and the flue gas after dehydration is clean. It is higher, which can reduce the workload of the next stage device and make the flue gas easier to handle;

(8) The dioxin catalytic decomposer in the flue gas purification treatment system of the present invention is provided with at least three sets of catalytic modules, which can fully catalyze reduction of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and other substances in the flue gas, thereby reducing the amount of dioxin to the greatest extent possible. The discharge of oxin-like substances helps to improve the safety of pollutant discharge;

(9) The decomposer housing in the dioxin catalytic decomposer of the present invention is provided with a packing door, which can facilitate the staff to overhaul the internal structure of the decomposer, and also facilitate the periodic replacement and filling of the catalyst packing;

(10) A flue gas desulfurization device is arranged between the flue gas quenching tower and the bag filter in the flue gas purification treatment system of the present invention, which can remove most of the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas and effectively reduce the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas. Further reduce the emission of harmful gases in the flue gas;

(11) The flue gas dedusting module installed in the flue gas desulfurization device of the present invention can eliminate the aerosols generated when the flue gas reacts with the desulfurizing agent in time, and assist the bag filter to dedust the flue gas, which can effectively reduce the flue gas. dust content in

(12) The flue heat exchanger arranged between the bag filter and the activated carbon adsorption tower in the flue gas purification and treatment system of the present invention can further cool the flue gas, remove most of the moisture in the flue gas, and make the flue gas The temperature and humidity of the activated carbon adsorption tower can reach the optimal adsorption conditions of the activated carbon adsorption tower, improve the adsorption efficiency of the activated carbon adsorption tower to the organic matter in the flue gas, and achieve the purpose of deep purification of the flue gas;

(13) The spraying device of the present invention is a pipe spraying device, and is fixed on the top of the room, so that the sprayed liquid is in the form of mist, the deodorization effect is better, and the deodorization range is larger; Generate strong wind, effectively prevent insects and flies from entering the room;

To sum up, in the sorting process of the present invention, garbage can be sorted and classified according to requirements, and resources can be reused through different processes. Clean, non-organic waste incineration can achieve reduction, the flue gas after incineration is thoroughly purified, and organic waste can be completely recycled and reused, which truly achieves the harmless treatment of domestic waste and resource reuse, and solar panels supplement the energy consumed by the entire system , reduce the waste of resources, suitable for all domestic waste treatment systems.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top-view structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of flue gas treatment performed by the domestic waste incineration system 6 and the flue gas purification treatment system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a domestic waste incineration system 6 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas quenching tower 7 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dioxin catalytic decomposer 13 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the picture: 1-Conveyor, 101-Bracket, 102-Conveyor belt, 2-Bag breaker, 31-Separator, 32-Dry garbage outlet, 33-Wet garbage outlet, 34-Demagnetization integrated machine, 4 -Wind separator, 5-transportation device, 6-domestic waste incineration system, 601-incinerator body, 602-secondary combustion chamber, 603-primary hot air duct, 604-hot air generating device, 605-magnetization device, 606-denitrification liquid Atomization device, 607- Garbage feeder, 608- Fire observation door, 609- Slag discharge door, 610- Grate, 611- Furnace temperature sensor, 7- Flue gas quenching tower, 71- Quench cooling tower body, 72- Water spray device, 73-fog condensation device, 74-dehydration device, 75-drainage device, 76-inlet temperature sensor, 77-outlet temperature sensor, 78-support, 8-flue gas desulfurization device, 9-bag filter, 10 - flue heat exchanger, 11 - activated carbon adsorption tower, 12 - flue gas preheater, 13 - dioxin catalytic decomposer, 131 - decomposer shell, 132 - catalytic module, 133 - through hole plate, 134 - Catalyst packing, 135-filling door, 136-shell bracket, 14-discharge cylinder, 15-draft fan, 16-trommel screen, 18-sealing cover, 19-pipeline, 20-gas collecting device, 21-fan, 22- Suction hood, 23-spraying device, 24-light hydrogen ion purifier, 25-deodorization tower, 26-fengmu, 27-first pulverizer, 28-first stirring tank, 29-scraper, 30- The second pulverizer, 31- the second stirring tank, 32- anaerobic fermentation tank, 33- solid-liquid separator, 34- solar panel, 35- biogas cabinet, 36- desulfurization tower, 37- three-leaf Roots blower, 38 - Biogas hot water boiler.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system described here is a preferred embodiment, which is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

Example Mixed domestic waste sorting and harmless treatment system

The present embodiment is shown in Figures 1 to 6, a mixed household waste sorting and harmless treatment system, including a waste pretreatment system, a bag breaking system, and a waste sorting and treatment system that are sequentially connected through a conveying device 1 and installed indoors. Also includes a deodorant system. The conveying device 1 adopts the prior art, and includes a bracket 101 for supporting and a conveyor belt 102 rotatably arranged on the bracket 101 . During transportation, garbage is transported on the conveyor belt 102 . The pretreatment system, bag breaking system, and garbage sorting and processing system are subsystems erected on the conveyor belt 102. When the garbage on the conveyor belt 102 is transported to each subsystem, the garbage is treated accordingly. The garbage pretreatment system can clean up the soil and rocks in the garbage, the bag breaking system breaks the large garbage into small pieces, and the garbage sorting and processing system is used to sort out the dry garbage and the wet garbage. Most of the wet waste is organic waste in the kitchen waste, and the particle size is small, while the particle size of some combustible wastes such as plastics after crushing is still larger than that of the wet waste. Therefore, the two are separated by the screen in the sorting equipment. separate. The separated dry waste enters the domestic waste incineration system 6 for combustion, and the separated wet waste is subjected to fermentation treatment. The deodorizing system can collect the odor in the process of garbage transportation and the odor in the room, and discharge it into the air after purification.

1. Garbage pretreatment system and bag breaking system

The garbage pretreatment system includes a transport device 5 and a trommel screen 16 fixed on the transport device 5 for sorting soil and stone. The conveyor belt 102 on the bracket 101 is used for conveying garbage. The trommel screen 16 is fixed on the conveying device 5. When the garbage passes through the trommel screen 16, the clods or sand are screened out and returned to the trommel screen 16. A bag filter 9 is fixed, and when the clods or sandstones are screened out, the bag filter 9 can eliminate the dust and make the garbage sorting environment cleaner. The pretreated waste is brought back to the location where the waste is stored, and is transported along the conveyor belt 102 to the broken bag system. In winter, there is a large amount of slag in the rural garbage. At this time, the garbage pretreatment system needs to be activated to sort out the soil and rocks in the garbage. The bag breaking system is the bag breaking machine 2 , which crushes large garbage into small pieces to prepare for the sorting by the sorting machine 31 .

2. Waste sorting and treatment system

The garbage sorting and processing system includes a sorting machine 31, which is arranged on the conveying device 1 and is located in the subsequent process of the bag breaking machine 2, and is used for sorting dry waste and wet waste. The bag breaking machine 2 After crushing, the garbage is formed into garbage with large particle size and garbage with small particle size. After entering the sorting machine 31, the dry garbage with large particle size and the wet garbage with small particle size are separated by the screen in the sorting machine 31. It is separated out and comes out from the dry garbage outlet 32 and the wet garbage outlet 33 on the sorting machine 31 respectively. It is used to separate magnetic substances such as iron wire from garbage. The dry garbage outlet 32 on the sorting machine 31 is connected to the demagnetization integrated machine 34 and then connected to the domestic garbage incineration system 6 through the conveying device 1, so as to incinerate the dry garbage and reduce the accumulation of garbage. The wet garbage outlet 33 on the sorting machine 31 corresponds to the conveying device 1 , so that the wet garbage continues to enter the air separation process along with the conveyor belt 102 . The conveying device 1 is provided with a wind sorter 4, and the wind sorter 4 separates the reusable paper sheets and the fermentable garbage. The clean paper or plastic pieces separated by the sorting machine 31 are blown out by the air separator 4 and collected by the paper piece collecting device, and the wet garbage that can be fermented is transported to the garbage fermentation system along with the conveying device 1 for fermentation. That is, the sorting machine 31 separates the dry garbage from the wet garbage, the dry garbage enters the domestic garbage incineration system 6 for incineration, and the wet garbage finally enters the garbage fermentation system for fermentation and reuse of resources.

The household waste incineration system 6 is connected with a flue gas purification treatment system through a pipeline, and the household waste incineration system 6 is used to incinerate dry waste, because the harmful gas generated in the incinerated flue gas cannot be directly discharged into the air, therefore, The flue gas needs to be purified. The household waste incineration system 6 uses magnetization to change the combustion environment, and adopts the recirculation hot air technology to reduce the influence of moisture content on the combustion of household waste, which can stably increase the furnace temperature, which overcomes the low and unstable furnace temperature of the household waste incinerator in the prior art. defect.

(1) Domestic waste incineration system 6

The domestic waste incineration system 6 includes an incinerator body 601 and a secondary combustion chamber 602 arranged above the incinerator body 601. As shown in FIG. 4 , a magnetizing device 605 is provided on the side wall of the incinerator body 601, and a primary hot air is passed through the bottom of the incinerator body 601. The channel 603 communicates with the hot air generating device 604 . Among them, the furnace position of the incinerator body 601 is provided with a feeding port, a fire observation door 608 and a slag discharge door 609 in order from top to bottom. The fire observation door 608 is convenient for the staff to observe the incineration of garbage in the furnace chamber; the slag discharge door 609 can discharge the ash and slag after the incineration of domestic garbage out of the furnace chamber. In order to isolate the heat in the furnace as much as possible and prevent the heat from dissipating to the outside, the shell of the incinerator body 601 in this embodiment is made of metal material, and the inner shell of the shell is built with a refractory material layer.

A grate 610 is fixed at the center of the bottom of the furnace of the incinerator body 601 , and the grate 610 is an inverted umbrella rib structure as a whole. The grate 610 includes a fixed frame and a plurality of support rods inclined at the top of the fixed frame, and the plurality of support rods are radially distributed around the top of the fixed frame. The setting of the grate 610 can distribute the garbage entering the furnace and prevent accumulation.

The side wall of the incinerator body 601 is provided with at least one group of denitrification liquid atomizing devices 606, which can spray denitrification liquid into the furnace chamber, and use high temperature denitration reaction to reduce the generation of dioxins when the garbage is burned. In this embodiment, two denitrification liquid atomizing devices 606 are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the incinerator body 601 to ensure that the sprayed denitration liquid can completely cover the domestic garbage in the furnace.

The furnace chamber of the incinerator body 601 is also provided with a furnace chamber temperature sensor 611 that is electrically connected to the PLC controller, which can monitor the temperature in the furnace chamber in real time, and transmit the temperature information to the PLC controller. The PLC controller passes the internal program. After the judgment, the hot air volume and the amount of garbage entering the furnace are automatically adjusted, so that the domestic garbage can be burned normally and fully.

The secondary combustion chamber 602 located above the incinerator body 601 is a grid-shaped heat storage structure, which can divide the flue gas and store a part of the heat carried in the flue gas. After reaching a certain temperature, the secondary combustion chamber can be made to The flue gas passing through 602 burns autonomously, thereby reducing the content of combustible gas in the flue gas and reducing the composition of harmful gases in the flue gas.

(2) Flue gas purification treatment system

As shown in FIG. 3 , the flue gas purification treatment system includes a flue gas quenching tower 7 , a bag filter 9 , an activated carbon adsorption tower 11 , a flue gas preheater 12 and a dioxin catalytic decomposer 13 that are connected in sequence through pipes . Among them, the flue gas preheater 12 is arranged at the flue gas outlet of the domestic waste incineration system 6, so that the temperature generated by the incineration can heat the flue gas before discharge, which can not only avoid the waste of heat resources, but also keep the flue gas constant. At the same time, special catalyst is used to deeply purify the incineration flue gas, which can realize the reduction and harmlessness of domestic waste.

(21) Flue gas quench tower 7

As shown in Figure 5, the flue gas quenching tower 7 in the flue gas purification treatment system adopts the direct water-gas exchange method, and the high-temperature flue gas is rapidly cooled to about 200 ℃ by direct heat exchange between water and high-temperature flue gas, which can effectively prevent Synthesis pathway of dioxin-like substances in the process of cooling off flue gas. As shown in FIG. 3 , the flue gas quenching tower 7 includes a quenching tower body 7, and a water spraying device 72, a mist condensing device 73, a dehydrating device 74 and a drainage device 75 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom inside the quenching tower body 7. .

The quenching tower body 7 is used as the main part of the device, and the whole is made of metal material, and the inner wall of the quenching tower body 7 is bonded with a thermal insulation and anti-corrosion layer, which can prevent the quenching tower body 7 from being corroded when the flue gas is quenched. . The bottom of the quenching tower body 7 is also fixedly provided with a bracket 78, and the quenching tower body 7 is supported by the bracket 78, so as to ensure the stability of the quenching tower body 7, and also help the water inside the quenching tower body 7. It is discharged through the drainage device 75 .

The water spray device 72 in the flue gas quenching tower 7 is a high-pressure water jet gun controlled by a PLC controller, as shown in Figure 3, the high-pressure water jet gun is arranged at the flue gas inlet at the top of the quenching tower body 7, and the sprayed The high-pressure water flow can quickly fuse with the flue gas to displace the heat in the flue gas into the water. In the quench tower body 7, an inlet temperature sensor 76 is arranged at the inlet of the flue gas, and an outlet temperature sensor 77 is arranged at the outlet of the flue gas, and the inlet temperature sensor 76 and the outlet temperature sensor 77 are respectively electrically connected to the PLC controller. When the device is running, the PLC controller can adjust the flow rate and water volume of the high-pressure water jet gun by itself according to the temperature information fed back by the inlet temperature sensor 76 and the outlet temperature sensor 77, thereby achieving precise quenching and controlling the flue gas temperature at the next process node. suitable range.

The mist condensing device 73 and the dehydration device 74 in the flue gas quenching tower 7 are both existing structures. As shown in FIG. 5 , the mist condensing device 73 is placed horizontally above the interior of the quenching tower body 7, and the mist condensing device 73 There is a certain gap between the edge of the quenching tower body 7 and the inner wall of the quenching tower body 7 to divert the high temperature flue gas while the steam can be condensed into water droplets; the dehydration device 74 is arranged in the middle of the quenching tower body 7, and The edge of the dehydration device 74 is in close contact with the inner wall of the tower body 7 of the quenching tower, which can effectively reduce the humidity of the flue gas.

It should be further explained that the drainage device 75 capable of discharging the water in the quenching tower body 7 is arranged at the bottom of the quenching tower body 7, below the flue gas outlet, and the drainage device 75 in this embodiment is a gas-water separation device. It can effectively control the overflow of flue gas while draining water.

(22) Bag filter 9 and activated carbon adsorption tower 11

The bag filter 9 and the activated carbon adsorption tower 11 in the flue gas purification and treatment system are both existing structures, wherein the bag filter 9 can filter out most of the aerosols in the flue gas, and can effectively control the waste generated by the combustion of garbage. Dust; how can the activated carbon adsorption tower 11 absorb the organic matter in the flue gas to achieve the effect of deep purification of the flue gas.

As shown in FIG. 3 , a flue gas desulfurization device 8 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the bag filter 9 and the flue gas quenching tower 7 , which can effectively reduce the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas. More specifically, the flue gas desulfurization device 8 includes a desulfurization agent atomization module and a flue gas dust removal module, which are arranged on the connecting pipe between the bag filter 9 and the flue gas quenching tower 7 . In this embodiment, the flue gas dedusting module is a small bag dedusting device, which can remove aerosols generated during the flue gas desulfurization reaction.

A flue heat exchanger 10 is also arranged between the bag filter 9 and the activated carbon adsorption tower 11 in the flue gas purification treatment system. The temperature is lowered and most of the moisture in the flue gas is removed, so that the temperature and humidity of the flue gas can reach the optimum adsorption conditions of the activated carbon adsorption tower 11 .

(23) Flue gas preheater 12

The flue gas preheater 12 in the flue gas purification treatment system uses the heat of the flue in the domestic waste incineration system 6 to preheat the flue gas, so that the flue gas can reach the reaction limited by the dioxin catalytic decomposer 13 temperature. The flue gas preheater 12 in this system is a tube-and-tube gas-gas heat exchanger, which is integrally arranged at the position of the flue of the domestic waste incineration system 6 . When the equipment is running, the flue gas outlet of the tubular gas-to-gas heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas inlet pipe of the dioxin catalytic decomposer 13, and the flue gas inlet of the tubular gas-to-gas heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas of the bag filter 9. Air outlet pipe connection.

(24) Dioxin catalytic decomposer 13

As shown in FIG. 6 , the dioxin catalytic decomposer 13 in the flue gas purification treatment system includes a decomposer casing 131 and a catalytic decomposition device provided inside the decomposer casing 131 . The catalytic decomposition device in the system adopts at least three groups of catalytic modules 132, which can carry out at least three stages of deep purification of flue gas, which can minimize the emission of dioxins and help improve the safety of pollutant emission.

The decomposer casing 131 in the dioxin catalytic decomposer 13 is used as the main part of the device, and the whole is made of metal material, and the inner wall of the decomposer casing 131 is fixed with a heat insulation and anti-corrosion layer to prevent the flue gas. The resolver housing 131 causes corrosion. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4 , the upper part of the decomposer housing 131 is provided with a flue gas inlet, and the lower part is provided with a flue gas outlet. The flue gas enters the device from above and is discharged from the bottom, so that the flue gas can be more fully compatible with the catalytic decomposition device. touch. The bottom of the resolver housing 131 is also provided with a housing bracket 136 so as to be able to stably support the resolver housing 131 .

The catalytic decomposition device catalyzes the decomposition of dioxins in the flue gas, which can minimize the emission of dioxins. The catalytic decomposition device includes at least three groups of catalytic modules 132 to perform at least three stages of advanced treatment on the flue gas. As shown in FIG. 4 , each group of catalytic modules 132 includes through-hole plates 133 and catalyst fillers 134 . The through-hole plate 133 is disposed inside the decomposer housing 131, and the upper surface of the through-hole plate 133 is provided with a catalyst filler 134, so that a catalytic decomposition reaction can occur with the catalyst filler 134 when the flue gas passes through. More specifically, the through-hole plate 133 has a honeycomb structure, and the whole is made of a high temperature resistant material, and the edge of the through-hole plate 133 is closely attached to the inner wall of the resolver housing 131 . In this embodiment, the through-hole plate 133 is made of ceramic material.

In order to facilitate the staff to overhaul the internal structure of the resolver housing 131 , the resolver housing 131 is provided with a plurality of filler doors 135 , wherein the filler doors 135 are respectively provided above each group of catalytic modules 132 . More specifically, there are three groups of catalysts in this embodiment, and three filler doors 135 are provided on the corresponding decomposer housing 131 . As shown in FIG. 4 , the interior of the decomposer housing 131 is sequentially provided from bottom to top: bottom through-hole plate 133 , bottom catalyst filler 134 , bottom filler door 135 ; middle layer through hole plate 133 , middle layer catalyst filler 134 , and middle layer filler door 135; the upper through-hole plate 133, the upper catalyst filler 134, and the upper filler door 135.

(3) Garbage fermentation system

The garbage fermentation system includes a first pulverizer 27, a first stirring tank 28, a second pulverizer 30, a second stirring tank 31, and sewage, which are sequentially connected to the outlet of the air separator 4 through the conveying device 1 for discharging organic garbage. A pump, an anaerobic fermentation tank 32, a biogas tank 35 for storing fermentation gas, and a solid-liquid separator 33 for separating biogas residue and biogas liquid. The heat source of the anaerobic fermentation tank 32 is solar energy.

(31) The first crusher 27

The feeding hopper of the first pulverizer 27 is connected to the outlet of the air separator 4 for separating organic waste through the conveying device 1. The diameter of the stirring shaft in the box of the first pulverizer 27 is 150 mm, and the diameter of the stirring shaft is 150 mm. The four-stage motor drives the stirring shaft to rotate at a high speed. Twenty sets of Fenggang blades are arranged on the stirring shaft to crush the wet garbage to about 20 mm, and then convey it to the first stirring tank 27 through the screen at the bottom for stirring.

(32) The first stirring tank 28

The first stirring tank 28 is V-shaped, a stainless steel water castor is arranged in the first stirring tank 28, a stirrer is arranged in the middle of the first stirring tank 28, and a water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the first stirring tank 28. and a drainage water pipe for cleaning the first stirring tank 28 and diluting the organic waste to facilitate stirring. Since some fine soil and rocks will stick to the organic garbage, the soil and rocks cannot be completely screened in the garbage pretreatment system. Therefore, it needs to be separated again in the first mixing tank 28. During the process of mixing the organic garbage, the The soil and stone fall into the bottom of the first stirring tank 28 through the stainless steel water grate, and the large pieces of organic waste are located above the stainless steel water grate under the action of water buoyancy. There are two grooves on the side wall of the first stirring tank 28, and scrapers 29 are fixed in the two grooves, and one is used to transport the organic waste above the stainless steel water grate to the second pulverizer 30. Among them, one is used to transport the soil and stone under the stainless steel water grate to the outside of the first mixing tank 28. In order to prevent the soil and stone from falling into the first mixing tank 28 again during transportation, the scraper 29 for transporting the soil and stone is connected to the first mixing tank 28. The inner walls of the first stirring tank 28 are sealed, so that the soil and stone are smoothly transported to the outside of the first stirring tank 28 .

(33) The second pulverizer 30 and the second stirring tank 31

The organic garbage in the first stirring tank 28 is transported out by the scraper 29, and is transported to the second pulverizer 30 by the conveying device 1, and the organic garbage is pulverized again to make the particle size reach 5 mm, and then flow into the second pulverizer 30. In the second stirring tank 31, a high-speed agitator is arranged in the second stirring tank 31, and feces and bacteria for fermentation are added to the organic waste, and fully mixed under the condition of high-speed stirring, the second stirring tank 31. The side of 31 is provided with a sewage pump, which is used to pump the mixed garbage in the second stirring tank 31 into the anaerobic fermentation tank 32 for fermentation.

(34) Anaerobic fermenter 32

The anaerobic fermentation tank 32 is connected with the solar panel 34, so that the solar panel 34 provides electric energy for the fermentation of the anaerobic fermentation tank 32 and ensures the fermentation temperature. The anaerobic fermentation tank 32 and the biogas tank 35 are fixedly connected to store the fermentation gas, the fermented gas is used for combustion, and the fermented biogas residue and biogas liquid pass through the solid-liquid separator 33 to separate the solid biogas residue and the liquid biogas liquid. The biogas slurry is separated, and the biogas residue is transported by farmers as organic fertilizer for trees and greening fertilizers. Part of the biogas slurry is returned to the anaerobic tank as bacterial liquid for reuse, and the other part is processed and purified in the sewage treatment station and used in the factory. The workshop uses water to water flowers and trees, so that the organic waste can be completely recycled and reused, and no harmful substances will be produced.

The biogas tank 35 is sequentially connected with a desulfurization tower 36, a three-leaf Roots blower 37, a biogas hot water boiler 38 and a heating system. After the biogas is recovered and processed, it is used to heat the water in the biogas hot water boiler 38, which is a heating system. Provide hot circulating water.

3. Deodorization system

The deodorizing system includes a gas collecting device 20 , a fan 21 , a sealing cover 18 , a suction hood 22 , and a spraying device 23 . The sealing cover 18 on the conveyor belt 102 is fixed on the bracket 101 in a semi-arc shape, and is buckled on the conveyor belt 102, which can not only provide enough space for the garbage during transportation, but also prevent the odor from being emitted into the air. The trommel screen 16, the bag filter 9 in the garbage pretreatment system, the bag breaker 2, the sorting machine 31, the demagnetization integrated machine 34, and the sealing cover 18 on the inlet and outlet of the air separator 4 are inverted. The sealing cover 18 is connected with the gas collecting device 20 through the pipeline 19, and the fan 21 is connected with the gas collecting device 20, so that a negative pressure is generated in the gas collecting device 20, which is used to absorb the smell in the sealing cover 18. In the gas collecting device 20, the gas collecting device 20 is connected with the light hydrogen ion purifier 24 and the deodorization tower 25 for odor treatment, so that it can be directly discharged into the air. The other end of the fan 21 is connected with a suction hood 22 through a pipe 19 . The suction hood 22 is provided with a plurality of and located at the top of the room for absorbing the smell of the indoor garbage storage. The spraying device 23 is used to spray deodorized liquid into the room, and is fixed on the top of the room. The spraying device 23 is a pipe spraying device that can generate spray. Insects enter.

Fourth, the work process

Put the transported garbage in the place where the garbage is stored. If the transported garbage is rural garbage in winter and contains a lot of ash and slag, start the garbage pretreatment system to separate the larger soil and stone particles in the garbage. out, and then transported to the bag breaker through the conveying device 1 for crushing. After crushing, it enters the sorting machine 31 to separate the dry waste from the wet waste. The dry waste finally enters the domestic waste incineration system 6 for combustion, and the wet waste passes through the air separation. Machine 4 enters the garbage fermentation system for fermentation.

The domestic garbage incineration system 6 incinerates the domestic garbage, the ash generated by the incineration is landfilled, and the flue gas generated by the incineration enters the flue gas quenching tower 7, and the flue gas quenching tower 7 uses the gas-water direct heat exchange method to rapidly heat the high-temperature flue gas. After cooling, the cooled flue gas is desulfurized by the flue gas desulfurization device 8, and then enters the bag filter 9 of the flue gas purification treatment system, and the bag filter 9 is used to filter the particulate matter in the flue gas; the filtered flue gas passes through the flue. After the heat exchanger 10 is further cooled and dehydrated, it enters the activated carbon adsorption tower 11, and the activated carbon adsorption tower 11 is used to absorb the organic matter in the gas, and the gas is deeply purified; the deeply purified flue gas is preheated by the flue gas preheater 12. , enter the dioxin catalytic decomposer 13 to carry out catalytic decomposition reaction to remove dioxin substances in the flue gas;

The garbage fermentation system ferments the organic garbage. Before fermentation, the garbage is crushed into small pieces by the first pulverizer 27, and then enters the first stirring tank 28 for stirring, and separates the soil and stone, and then enters the second pulverizer. In 30, the organic waste is pulverized into a paste, and in the second stirring tank 31, water and bacteria are added, and after stirring, it is pumped into the anaerobic fermentation tank 32 by a sewage pump for fermentation, and the fermented gas is used for combustion. , heat the water in the biogas hot water boiler 38, and the heated water is used for hot water circulation in the heating system. The fermented stationary biogas residue and liquid biogas slurry are separated by the solid-liquid separator 33, the biogas residue is used as field fertilizer, and the biogas slurry is used for irrigation of flowers and other objects after treatment.

Claims (10)

1. A mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system, characterized in that: comprising a garbage pretreatment system, a broken bag system, a garbage sorting and treatment system that are connected in turn by a conveying device and located indoors, and also include a deodorizing system ; The waste pretreatment system includes a transport device and a trommel screen fixed on the transport device for sorting soil and stone; The garbage sorting and processing system includes a sorting machine, a domestic garbage incineration system connected to the dry garbage outlet of the sorting machine, and a wet garbage outlet connected to the sorting machine through a conveying device for sorting paper and organic garbage. Air separator, paper collecting device connected to one outlet of air separator, garbage fermentation system connected to another outlet of air separator; The household waste incineration system is connected with a flue gas purification treatment system through pipes, and the flue gas purification treatment system includes a flue gas quenching tower, a bag filter, an activated carbon adsorption tower, a flue gas preheater and a dioxin sequentially connected through pipes. British catalytic decomposer; wherein, the flue gas preheater is located in the flue gas outlet of the domestic waste incineration system; The garbage fermentation system includes a first pulverizer, a first stirring tank, a second pulverizer, a second stirring tank, a sewage pump, and an anaerobic fermentation tank, which are sequentially connected to the outlet of the air separator for discharging organic garbage through a conveying device. , A biogas tank for storing fermentation gas, a solid-liquid separator for separating biogas residue and biogas liquid is fixed on the anaerobic fermentation tank, and the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with the solar panel to provide electricity for the anaerobic fermentation tank ; The deodorizing system includes a gas collection device, a fan for generating negative pressure in the gas collection device, connected to the gas collection device through a pipeline and used for sealing the conveying device, as well as a garbage pretreatment system, a bag breaking system, and a garbage sorting and processing system. The sealing cover, the suction hood connected with the fan through the pipeline to eliminate the indoor odor, and the spraying device for spraying the deodorant liquid into the room, the gas collecting device is connected with the light hydrogen ion purifier and the deodorant through the pipeline in turn. Stink tower connection. 2. The mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a bag filter for dust removal is also fixed on the transport device of the garbage pretreatment system. 3. The mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: both the dry garbage outlet and the wet garbage outlet of the sorting machine are connected with a demagnetization integrated machine. 4. The mixed household waste sorting and harmless treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the household waste incineration system comprises an incinerator body, and a net set above the incinerator body A frame-shaped secondary combustion chamber for heat storage; a magnetization device is fixed on the side wall of the incinerator body, and the bottom of the incinerator body is communicated with a hot air generating device through a primary hot air duct; the side wall of the incinerator body is At least one group of denitrification liquid atomization devices are symmetrically arranged on the wall. 5. The mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the flue gas quenching tower comprises a quenching tower body, and a water spray device, a condensing device arranged inside the quenching tower body mist device, dehydration device and drainage device; the water spray device is arranged at the flue gas inlet at the top of the quench tower body; the mist condensation device is arranged at the upper position inside the quench tower body, below the water spray device The dehydration device is arranged at the middle position inside the quenching tower body, above the flue gas outlet; the drainage device is arranged at the bottom of the quenching tower body, below the flue gas outlet; the quenching tower tower An inlet temperature sensor and an outlet temperature sensor are arranged in the body, and both the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor are respectively electrically connected with the PLC controller. 6 . The mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system according to claim 5 , wherein the dioxin catalytic decomposer comprises a decomposer housing and a catalytic decomposition device, and the catalytic decomposition device is provided in the decomposition device. 7 . Inside the decomposer housing, there are at least three groups of catalytic modules, each group of catalytic modules includes through-hole plates and catalyst fillers, a filler door is arranged above each group of catalytic modules, and the filler door is opened on the resolver housing. 7. The mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system according to any one of claims 1-3, 5, and 6, characterized in that: the bag dedusting in the flue gas quenching tower and the flue gas purification treatment system A flue gas desulfurization device is also arranged between the devices; the flue gas desulfurization device includes a desulfurization agent atomization module and a flue gas dust removal module arranged on the communication pipe between the flue gas quenching tower and the bag filter. 8. The mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system according to claim 7, wherein a flue heat exchanger is also arranged between the bag filter and the activated carbon adsorption tower in the flue gas purification treatment system . 9. The mixed household garbage sorting and harmless treatment system according to claim 8, characterized in that: the spraying device is fixed on the top of the room and is a pipe spraying device that can generate spray; There are wind eyes to prevent the entry of insects and flies. 10. The mixed household waste sorting and harmless treatment system according to any one of claims 1-3, 5, 6, 8, and 9, characterized in that: the biogas tank is sequentially connected with a desulfurization tower, a three-leaf Roots blowers, biogas hot water boilers and heating systems.

Images