CN108435754B

CN108435754B - Process for preparing biomass fuel from rural urban household garbage and agricultural and forestry waste

Info

Publication number: CN108435754B
Application number: CN201810212993.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于继林
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-03-05
Filing date: 2018-03-05
Publication date: 2021-09-17
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-05
Also published as: CN108435754A

Abstract

The invention discloses a process for preparing biomass fuel from rural urban domestic garbage and agricultural and forestry waste. The method comprises the following steps: step one, landfill leachate treatment, stink deodorization; secondly, screening, sorting and coarsely crushing the garbage; thirdly, magnetically separating non-organic matters, winnowing and finely crushing; fourthly, crushing and screening the agricultural and forestry waste; fifthly, stirring garbage combustible, agricultural and forestry waste, sludge and water, pressing and forming, airing and preparing the biomass fuel; and sixthly, adding the garbage organic matters into the livestock and poultry manure to prepare the organic fertilizer. The biomass fuel can be directly used in a boiler, and the organic fertilizer solves the problem that livestock and poultry manure pollutes the environment in a farm. The construction of garbage disposal plants has the advantages of less investment, low cost and easy implementation. The agricultural and forestry wastes are collected for a good fee, the income of farmers is increased, and the pollution is reduced. The profit margin is high, and the operation can be continued without government subsidies. The waste gas, the waste liquid and the waste residue are all subjected to environment-friendly treatment, and new pollution can not be generated.

Description

Process for preparing biomass fuel from rural urban household garbage and agricultural and forestry waste

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation process of biomass fuel, in particular to a process for preparing biomass fuel from rural urban domestic garbage and agricultural and forestry waste.

Background

The rural urban domestic garbage generally refers to solid waste generated in rural daily life or activities for providing services for rural daily life and solid waste regulated to be domestic garbage by law and political law. The agricultural and forestry wastes mainly comprise crop straws, weeds, branches, leaves, tree roots and the like. As a big population country in developing countries, the number of villages and towns and the number of rural residents are not in a small amount, so that the good treatment of rural domestic garbage and agricultural and forestry wastes is a necessary premise for accelerating the development of the villages and the towns and improving the living quality of the rural residents. At present, the treatment of domestic garbage and agricultural and forestry wastes in rural areas in China mainly has the characteristics of large quantity, complex garbage components, wide area, dispersed production sources, difficult fund raising for treatment and the like. Under the traditional agricultural economic condition, rural domestic garbage and agricultural and forestry wastes are produced and then can be recycled almost in full through ways of returning to the field and returning to the forest directly and the like. However, with the development of socioeconomic in China, the rural domestic garbage is increasingly complicated due to the increase of consumption of industrial finished products, and the main components of the rural domestic garbage comprise furnace ash, food bags, waste paper, building materials, plastic products, food rottenness and the like, and the rural domestic garbage cannot be treated through the traditional circulation way. Because the rural areas lack a household garbage collecting and treating system as an urban infrastructure, the garbage which can be decomposed and can not be decomposed, can be recovered and can not be recovered, and harmful substances and harmless substances are mixed into a whole and are discarded at the periphery of rural residence points, pollutants are released by a specific way to become one of pollution sources of rural environments, and the harm to various aspects such as rural soil, water body, atmosphere, environmental sanitation and the like is caused. Some hazardous solid wastes may even cause special damages such as burning, explosion, contact poisoning, severe corrosion, etc. Agricultural and forestry wastes such as crop straws, weeds, branches, leaves, roots and the like are usually treated by burning, so that not only is serious air pollution caused, but also the take-off and landing of flights are seriously influenced. Therefore, how to treat the rural urban domestic garbage and the agricultural and forestry wastes to change the wastes into valuables without polluting the environment becomes a large research topic. At present, the related technology process has been created by people, but the following disadvantages exist: firstly, the investment is too much, the cost is too high, the implementation is difficult, and the realization is difficult. And secondly, even if the operation can be carried out, because the operation cost is too high and the profit is negative, if the operation leaves the government subsidy, the sustainable operation is difficult. Thirdly, only the domestic garbage in rural towns is treated, but a large amount of agricultural and forestry wastes are not treated and recycled, so that a large block is lost, and the purpose and effect of fundamental treatment are not achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a process for preparing biomass fuel from rural urban domestic garbage and agricultural and forestry waste, which has the advantages of low investment, low cost, large or small scale, high profit rate and feasibility. The invention is suitable for rural areas in northern arid areas of China.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the process for preparing the biomass fuel from the rural urban domestic garbage and the agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that firstly, rural urban domestic garbage is transported to a treatment plant, weighed and unloaded into a garbage temporary storage pit of a garbage storage workshop, the garbage temporary storage pit is in a concrete-poured square cone shape, a grate is installed at the bottom of the cone, a garbage leachate conveying pipeline is arranged below the grate, the garbage leachate is conveyed to a leachate storage tank of a leachate treatment system through the conveying pipeline, the leachate is conveyed to the leachate treatment system from the leachate storage tank for treatment, the garbage storage workshop is totally closed, an air suction opening is formed in the upper portion of the garbage storage workshop, and malodorous gas generated by the garbage in the garbage temporary storage pit is conveyed to a biological deodorization system through a pipeline by an induced draft fan to be deodorized and discharged up to the standard; secondly, the garbage in the temporary garbage storage pit is grabbed and placed into a receiving bin of a vibrating feeder by an electric grab bucket, the vibrating feeder uniformly feeds the garbage to a belt conveyor, the garbage is conveyed to a drum screen with the first screen mesh aperture of 30-50mm through the belt conveyor to be screened, the screened-off materials are waste slag, the screened-off materials are conveyed to a large non-combustible material sorting platform through the conveyor, the large non-combustible materials are manually sorted out and conveyed to a construction garbage treatment plant for treatment, the sorted household garbage is conveyed to the receiving bin of a garbage coarse crusher by the conveyor to be coarsely crushed by a garbage coarse crusher, the coarsely crushed garbage is conveyed to a roller screening machine with the second screen mesh aperture of 20-30mm through the conveyor to be screened, the screened-off materials are non-organic materials, and the screened-off materials are organic materials; thirdly, magnetically separating metal objects in the garbage from non-organic matters on the screen, then separating plastic objects by winnowing, recycling the separated waste metals and waste plastics, conveying the residual garbage combustible objects subjected to magnetic separation and winnowing into a receiving bin of a garbage fine crusher by a conveyor for fine crushing, conveying the finely crushed garbage combustible objects into a proportioning bin of a proportioning machine of a forming production line by a belt conveyor, wherein the proportioning machine consists of three proportioning bins which are respectively a dewatered sludge bin, a crushed agriculture and forestry waste material bin and a finely crushed garbage combustible material bin, dust collecting ports of a cloth bag type dust collector are arranged at positions of a vibrating feeder, a screening machine and a crusher of the garbage treatment production line where the raised dust is generated, and the generated raised dust is collected by the cloth bag type dust collector and then added into the sludge to increase the plasticity of material forming; fourthly, after the agricultural and forestry wastes are weighed, firstly carrying out coarse crushing, conveying the materials after the coarse crushing to a receiving bin of a second fine crusher by a belt conveyor to be finely crushed, conveying the materials after the fine crushing to a drum sieve with the sieve mesh aperture of 5mm by the conveyor to be sieved, directly conveying the materials below the sieve to an agricultural and forestry waste proportioning bin of a proportioning machine of a forming production line by the conveyor, returning the materials above the sieve to the receiving bin of the second fine crusher by a material returning belt to be finely crushed, circulating in the same way, arranging a dust collecting port of a cloth bag type dust collector at the position where the raised dust is generated by crushing and sieving of the agricultural and forestry wastes, and directly mixing the dust generated in the production process with the crushed agricultural and forestry wastes for use after the dust is collected by the cloth bag type dust collector; fifthly, according to the weight part mixing ratio of 40 parts of combustible garbage, 40 parts of finely crushed agricultural and forestry waste, 10 parts of sludge and 10 parts of water, conveying the mixture into a stirrer by a batching machine for stirring, conveying the mixture into a receiving bin of a forming machine by a conveyer after uniform stirring, performing compression forming by the forming machine, stacking for airing or drying, and packaging for storage to obtain the biomass clean fuel; sixthly, weighing the organic matters below the domestic garbage by the second roller screen, adding rural livestock and poultry manure with the same weight, mixing, adding aerobic probiotics, feeding into a fermentation tank of a fermentation room for aerobic fermentation, turning over and stacking once a day, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 5-7 days, deodorizing, air drying, crushing, screening to remove impurities, bagging and storing to prepare an organic fertilizer, and conveying the odor generated by fermentation to a biological deodorization system through a draught fan at the upper part of the fermentation room for deodorization by virtue of a pipeline so as to reach the standard and discharge.

Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) generally refers to waste mainly composed of combustible materials such as waste plastics and paper scraps obtained by crushing and screening out incombustibles from domestic garbage, or solid Fuel obtained by further crushing, drying and molding combustible waste. Refuse derived fuels have many advantages: firstly, the heat value is higher, and the combustion characteristic is uniform; secondly, the energy is recycled, and the comprehensive efficiency is high; thirdly, the heavy metal content in the flue gas is low, the flue gas purification cost is low, the ash content is less, and the treatment cost can be further reduced. The heat energy can be recovered in the process of preparing the refuse derived fuel by using the rural domestic garbage for rural heat supply, power generation and the like, the refuse derived fuel is convenient to transport and store, but harmful gases such as CO, HCl, SO and the like and greenhouse gases can be generated in the combustion process. The derived fuel of the garbage has low requirement on the moisture content of the primary domestic garbage in the preparation process of the derived fuel of the garbage, if the moisture content of the primary domestic garbage is too high, garbage leachate generated in the treatment process of the garbage is correspondingly large, the garbage is dried and dehydrated, and the drying and dehydration consume a large amount of heat energy, so that the production cost of the derived fuel of the garbage is increased; in the northwest arid region of China, the temperature is high in summer, the rainfall is less, such as Sinkiang and Gansu, the annual rainfall in Sinkiang is only 190-. In addition, the rural domestic garbage contains more combustible substances, has great advantages for improving the heat value and the utilization rate of the garbage derived fuel, and has unique superior conditions for preparing the garbage derived fuel. The crushed agricultural and forestry wastes are added according to the proportion of 1: 1 of the combustible garbage, and then the sludge is added in the preparation process, so that the plasticity of fuel forming is improved, and the harm of the sludge of a sewage treatment plant to the environment is also treated; the addition of the broken agricultural and forestry wastes greatly improves the heat value of the produced biomass fuel block, and simultaneously, the addition of a large amount of agricultural and forestry wastes greatly reduces the generation of harmful gases such as dioxin, oxynitride, chloride and the like. Can be directly used as fuel in common heat supply boilers, industrial boilers and power generation boilers. The screened organic matters are mixed with livestock and poultry manure of farms in small rural towns and the like for fermentation to prepare the organic fertilizer, so that the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the problem that the livestock and poultry manure of the farms pollutes the environment is solved. Therefore, the preparation process has wide application prospect in rural domestic garbage treatment. In addition, a garbage disposal plant is built, the scale can be determined according to the daily garbage disposal amount, and the small amount of garbage disposal plant is small in scale, and the large amount of garbage disposal plant is large in scale. According to calculation, a garbage disposal plant can be constructed in the northwest arid area of China with the investment of less than 300 ten thousand yuan in a small rural town with 2 ten thousand people; the garbage disposal plant can be constructed in a large rural town with 20 ten thousand of people and with investment of less than 2000 ten thousand yuan. In general, the investment is small, the cost is low, and the implementation is easy. In addition, for a long time, the rural economic foundation of China is weak, the construction of rural environment-friendly sanitation facilities is lacked, the local financial income is low, and the local high subsidy expenditure of garbage disposal is not born; meanwhile, because the income of farmers is low, the collection and payment of the rural garbage disposal cost are difficult, and great difficulty is caused to the rural environment protection. The implementation of the invention changes waste into valuable, and collects agricultural and forestry waste in rural areas for a good fee, thereby not only increasing the income of farmers, but also reducing the pollution to the environment caused by burning and discarding the agricultural and forestry waste in rural areas. Moreover, the invention mixes the combustible material of the rural urban domestic garbage after being sorted with the agricultural and forestry waste to prepare the biomass fuel, thereby greatly reducing the garbage treatment cost, having higher profit rate, and the government can continuously operate without government subsidy as long as giving support in policy, thereby reducing the financial payment pressure of local government. Meanwhile, the technical process of the invention carries out environment-friendly treatment on waste gas, waste liquid and waste residue generated in the garbage treatment and production processes, and does not generate new pollution. In conclusion, the invention is the most effective method for recycling and disposing the garbage in rural towns in China.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

Detailed Description

Example 1, the process for preparing biomass fuel from rural urban domestic garbage and agricultural and forestry waste comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that firstly, rural urban domestic garbage is transported to a treatment plant, weighed and unloaded into a garbage temporary storage pit of a garbage storage workshop, the garbage temporary storage pit is in a concrete-poured square cone shape, a grate is installed at the bottom of the cone, a garbage leachate conveying pipeline is arranged below the grate, the garbage leachate is conveyed to a leachate storage tank of a leachate treatment system through the conveying pipeline, the leachate is conveyed to the leachate treatment system from the leachate storage tank for treatment, the garbage storage workshop is totally closed, an air suction opening is formed in the upper portion of the garbage storage workshop, and malodorous gas generated by the garbage in the garbage temporary storage pit is conveyed to a biological deodorization system through a pipeline by an induced draft fan to be deodorized and discharged up to the standard; secondly, the garbage in the temporary garbage storage pit is grabbed and placed into a receiving bin of a vibrating feeder by an electric grab bucket, the vibrating feeder uniformly feeds the garbage to a belt conveyor, the garbage is conveyed to a drum screen with the first screen mesh aperture of 30-50mm through the belt conveyor to be screened, the screened-off materials are waste slag, the screened-off materials are conveyed to a large non-combustible material sorting platform through the conveyor, the large non-combustible materials are manually sorted out and conveyed to a construction garbage treatment plant for treatment, the sorted household garbage is conveyed to the receiving bin of a garbage coarse crusher by the conveyor to be coarsely crushed by a garbage coarse crusher, the coarsely crushed garbage is conveyed to a roller screening machine with the second screen mesh aperture of 20-30mm through the conveyor to be screened, the screened-off materials are non-organic materials, and the screened-off materials are organic materials; thirdly, magnetically separating metal objects in the garbage from non-organic matters on the screen, then separating plastic objects by winnowing, recycling the separated waste metals and waste plastics, conveying the residual garbage combustible objects subjected to magnetic separation and winnowing into a receiving bin of a garbage fine crusher by a conveyor for fine crushing, conveying the finely crushed garbage combustible objects into a proportioning bin of a proportioning machine of a forming production line by a belt conveyor, wherein the proportioning machine consists of three proportioning bins which are respectively a dewatered sludge bin, a crushed agriculture and forestry waste material bin and a finely crushed garbage combustible material bin, dust collecting ports of a cloth bag type dust collector are arranged at positions of a vibrating feeder, a screening machine and a crusher of the garbage treatment production line where the raised dust is generated, and the generated raised dust is collected by the cloth bag type dust collector and then added into the sludge to increase the plasticity of material forming; fourthly, after the agricultural and forestry wastes are weighed, firstly carrying out coarse crushing, conveying the materials after the coarse crushing to a receiving bin of a second fine crusher by a belt conveyor to be finely crushed, conveying the materials after the fine crushing to a drum sieve with the sieve mesh aperture of 5mm by the conveyor to be sieved, directly conveying the materials below the sieve to an agricultural and forestry waste proportioning bin of a proportioning machine of a forming production line by the conveyor, returning the materials above the sieve to the receiving bin of the second fine crusher by a material returning belt to be finely crushed, circulating in the same way, arranging a dust collecting port of a cloth bag type dust collector at the position where the raised dust is generated by crushing and sieving of the agricultural and forestry wastes, and directly mixing the dust generated in the production process with the crushed agricultural and forestry wastes for use after the dust is collected by the cloth bag type dust collector; fifthly, according to the weight part mixing ratio of 40 parts of combustible garbage, 40 parts of finely crushed agricultural and forestry waste, 10 parts of sludge and 10 parts of water, conveying the mixture into a stirrer by a batching machine for stirring, conveying the mixture into a receiving bin of a forming machine by a conveyer after uniform stirring, performing compression forming by the forming machine, stacking for airing or drying, and packaging for storage to obtain the biomass clean fuel; sixthly, weighing the organic matters below the domestic garbage by the second roller screen, adding rural livestock and poultry manure with the same weight, mixing, adding aerobic probiotics, feeding into a fermentation tank of a fermentation room for aerobic fermentation, turning over and stacking once a day, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 5-7 days, deodorizing, air drying, crushing, screening to remove impurities, bagging and storing to prepare an organic fertilizer, and conveying the odor generated by fermentation to a biological deodorization system through a draught fan at the upper part of the fermentation room for deodorization by virtue of a pipeline so as to reach the standard and discharge.

Claims

1. A process for preparing biomass fuel from rural urban domestic garbage and agricultural and forestry wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps that firstly, rural urban domestic garbage is transported to a treatment plant, weighed and unloaded into a garbage temporary storage pit of a garbage storage workshop, the garbage temporary storage pit is in a concrete-poured square cone shape, a grate is installed at the bottom of the cone, a garbage leachate conveying pipeline is arranged below the grate, the garbage leachate is conveyed to a leachate storage tank of a leachate treatment system through the conveying pipeline, the leachate is conveyed to the leachate treatment system from the leachate storage tank for treatment, the garbage storage workshop is totally closed, an air suction opening is formed in the upper portion of the garbage storage workshop, and malodorous gas generated by the garbage in the garbage temporary storage pit is conveyed to a biological deodorization system through a pipeline by an induced draft fan to be deodorized and discharged up to the standard; secondly, the garbage in the temporary garbage storage pit is grabbed and placed into a receiving bin of a vibrating feeder by an electric grab bucket, the vibrating feeder uniformly feeds the garbage to a belt conveyor, the garbage is conveyed to a drum screen with the first screen mesh aperture of 30-50mm through the belt conveyor to be screened, the screened-off materials are waste slag, the screened-off materials are conveyed to a large non-combustible material sorting platform through the conveyor, the large non-combustible materials are manually sorted out and conveyed to a construction garbage treatment plant for treatment, the sorted household garbage is conveyed to the receiving bin of a garbage coarse crusher by the conveyor to be coarsely crushed by a garbage coarse crusher, the coarsely crushed garbage is conveyed to a roller screening machine with the second screen mesh aperture of 20-30mm through the conveyor to be screened, the screened-off materials are non-organic materials, and the screened-off materials are organic materials; thirdly, magnetically separating metal objects in the garbage from non-organic matters on the screen, then separating plastic objects by winnowing, recycling the separated waste metals and waste plastics, conveying the residual garbage combustible objects subjected to magnetic separation and winnowing into a receiving bin of a garbage fine crusher by a conveyor for fine crushing, conveying the finely crushed garbage combustible objects into a proportioning bin of a proportioning machine of a forming production line by a belt conveyor, wherein the proportioning machine consists of three proportioning bins which are respectively a dewatered sludge bin, a crushed agriculture and forestry waste material bin and a finely crushed garbage combustible material bin, dust collecting ports of a cloth bag type dust collector are arranged at positions of a vibrating feeder, a screening machine and a crusher of the garbage treatment production line where the raised dust is generated, and the generated raised dust is collected by the cloth bag type dust collector and then added into the sludge to increase the plasticity of material forming; fourthly, after the agricultural and forestry wastes are weighed, firstly carrying out coarse crushing, conveying the materials after the coarse crushing to a receiving bin of a second fine crusher by a belt conveyor to be finely crushed, conveying the materials after the fine crushing to a drum sieve with the sieve mesh aperture of 5mm by the conveyor to be sieved, directly conveying the materials below the sieve to an agricultural and forestry waste proportioning bin of a proportioning machine of a forming production line by the conveyor, returning the materials above the sieve to the receiving bin of the second fine crusher by a material returning belt to be finely crushed, circulating in the same way, arranging a dust collecting port of a cloth bag type dust collector at the position where the raised dust is generated by crushing and sieving of the agricultural and forestry wastes, and directly mixing the dust generated in the production process with the crushed agricultural and forestry wastes for use after the dust is collected by the cloth bag type dust collector; fifthly, according to the weight part mixing ratio of 40 parts of combustible garbage, 40 parts of finely crushed agricultural and forestry waste, 10 parts of sludge and 10 parts of water, conveying the mixture into a stirrer by a batching machine for stirring, conveying the mixture into a receiving bin of a forming machine by a conveyer after uniform stirring, performing compression forming by the forming machine, stacking for airing or drying, and packaging for storage to obtain the biomass clean fuel; sixthly, weighing the organic matters below the household garbage by a second roller screen, adding rural livestock and poultry manure with the same weight, mixing, adding aerobic probiotics, feeding into a fermentation tank of a fermentation room for aerobic fermentation, turning over and stacking once a day, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 5-7 days, deodorizing, air drying, crushing, screening to remove impurities, bagging and storing to prepare an organic fertilizer, and conveying the odor generated by fermentation to a biological deodorization system through a draught fan at the upper part of the fermentation room for deodorization by virtue of a pipeline so as to reach the standard and discharge;

the rural urban domestic garbage mainly comprises: furnace dust, food bag, waste paper, building materials, plastic products and food rottenness, and the agricultural and forestry waste mainly comprises: crop straw, weeds, branches, leaves, and roots.