CN111229784B - Forming process and forming equipment of biomass derived fuel (RDF) - Google Patents
Forming process and forming equipment of biomass derived fuel (RDF) Download PDFInfo
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- CN111229784B CN111229784B CN202010135794.8A CN202010135794A CN111229784B CN 111229784 B CN111229784 B CN 111229784B CN 202010135794 A CN202010135794 A CN 202010135794A CN 111229784 B CN111229784 B CN 111229784B
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- screw extruder
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- stirrer
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013072 incoming material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000950638 Symphysodon discus Species 0.000 description 2
- HOQADATXFBOEGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isofenphos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(NC(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC(C)C HOQADATXFBOEGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
- B30B11/221—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor extrusion dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
- B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/30—Feeding material to presses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forming process and forming equipment of biomass derived fuel (RDF), which sequentially comprise a stirrer, a fine crusher, a screw extruder and a forming head on the screw extruder, wherein the forming head is provided with a discharge hole; one end of the stirrer is communicated with the closed conveying belt A, the other end of the stirrer is an adjustable inclined outlet, the adjustable inclined outlet is communicated with one end of a closed conveying belt B, the other end of the closed conveying belt B is communicated with one end of a fine breaking machine, the other end of the fine breaking machine is communicated with a feeding hopper through a closed conveying belt C, a screw extruder is arranged at the lower end of the feeding hopper, and all the components are driven by a motor; and a sodium hydroxide spray head is arranged at the inner top of the stirrer. By the equipment and the process method, the forming efficiency is higher, the density of the formed RDF fuel can reach more than 1, the water content is lower, and the maintenance cost is lower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biomass derived fuel (RDF) manufacturing process, in particular to a forming process and forming equipment of the RDF.
Background
The biomass waste comprises municipal domestic waste, municipal sludge, agricultural and forestry waste, medical waste, industrial organic waste and the like, and the equivalent of the biomass waste is more than 8 times of energy used by all human beings. The waste is crushed, winnowed, screened, magnetically separated and crushed to a certain particle size fraction, and is pressed and molded into the biomass Derived Fuel RDF (called "reused Fuel" for short), so that the RDF has the characteristics of high heat value, stable heat value, full pyrolysis, complete gasification, stable combustion, easy transportation, easy storage, no secondary pollution, no odor, low discharge amount of dioxin substances after combustion and the like.
The emergence of biomass waste derived fuel (RDF) undoubtedly brings about vitality for the energy regeneration of biomass waste, and becomes a new growth point in the field of biomass waste utilization.
The technical difficulty is as follows: the prior RDF forming process mostly adopts dry forming and has the defects of small forming particles, low yield, large equipment abrasion and high energy consumption. The moisture content of the biomass waste is difficult to control by adopting wet forming, and the equipment has large abrasion, high energy consumption and low productivity due to low moisture content; the water content is high, the viscosity of the particles is low, the particles are difficult to form, and the consistency is poor; the water content is proper, but the density after molding is still small, only about 0.7-0.8, the heat value is low, and the industrial utilization is difficult. The screw rod of the wet forming process is replaced once in about half a year, the machine body of the forming machine is replaced once in about one year to one and a half years, and the maintenance cost is high. The above results are caused by complicated components of biomass waste, low calorific value, low viscosity, large electrostatic repulsive force, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of high equipment abrasion, high energy consumption and low productivity caused by low water content of biomass waste in the background technology; the defects of high water content, low particle viscosity, difficult molding and poor consistency in the background technology are overcome; the defects of small density, low heat value and difficult industrial utilization after molding in the background technology are overcome; overcomes the defects of time-consuming, labor-consuming and expensive replacement of the screw extruder wall and the screw rod in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a forming device of biomass derived fuel (RDF) sequentially comprises a stirrer, a fine crusher, a screw extruder and a forming head on the screw extruder, wherein a discharge hole is formed in the forming head; one end of the stirrer is communicated with the closed type conveying belt A, the other end of the stirrer is an adjustable inclined outlet, the adjustable inclined outlet is communicated with one end of the closed type conveying belt B, the other end of the closed type conveying belt B is communicated with one end of the fine breaking machine, the other end of the fine breaking machine is communicated with the feeding hopper through the closed type conveying belt C, the lower end of the feeding hopper is provided with a screw extruder, and the stirrer, the fine breaking machine, the screw extruder, the closed type conveying belt A, the closed type conveying belt B and the closed type conveying belt C are; and a sodium hydroxide spray head is arranged at the inner top of the stirrer.
The screw extruder comprises an auxiliary screw extruder and a main screw extruder obliquely above the auxiliary screw extruder, the main screw extruder is provided with an opening 1/4 downwards in the radial direction and is communicated with a part corresponding to the auxiliary screw extruder, the discharging direction at the front end of the main screw extruder is a forming head, and a discharging port template is arranged on the forming head; the other end of the auxiliary screw extruder is opened right above and communicated with the charging hopper; the main screw extruder and the auxiliary screw extruder are driven by a variable frequency motor to drive a gearbox.
The discharge port template on the forming head is provided with a plurality of groups of arc three-petal quincuncial discharge ports, the radius of the peripheral arc of each arc three-petal quincuncial discharge port is R, and the radius R of the three-petal arcs and the radius R of the inner circle formed by combining the three arcs1＝R2＝R3＝R4R/2; and an automatic cutting device is arranged outside the discharge port, and the cutting length X is 2R.
The rotating speed of the auxiliary screw extruder is higher than that of the main screw extruder by (10 +/-2)%; the torque of the main screw extruder is larger than that of the auxiliary screw extruder by (40 +/-5)%.
The forming head is provided with a flow guide channel, and a conical flow guide cone is arranged in the flow guide channel; the inner wall of the main screw extruder, the inner wall of the auxiliary screw extruder and the outer surface of the flow guide cone are provided with pressure relief and water drainage thread sleeves; the pressure relief draining threaded sleeve comprises a pressure relief wall perpendicular to the incoming material direction and an applying wall oblique to the incoming material direction, the pressure relief wall is arranged in the incoming material direction, and the applying wall is arranged in the material removing direction; the pressure relief wall and the smearing wall form a thread or a spiral; the screw threads or the screw threads are in the same rotating direction as an auxiliary screw rod of the auxiliary screw extruder and a main screw rod of the main screw extruder.
The sodium hydroxide spray head is matched with a sodium hydroxide control disc, the temperature of the sodium hydroxide control disc is kept between 40 and 60 ℃, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is controlled to be 151.5 +/-22.5 g/100 ml; the spraying pressure of the spraying head is controlled to be 1.2 MPa-3.45 MPa, the diameter of the fog drops is controlled to be Dv0.50 less than 200 mu m, and Dv0.99 less than 400 mu m.
The screw rod of the main screw extruder and the screw rod of the auxiliary screw extruder adopt uniform specifications; the pressure relief and water drainage thread sleeves in the main screw extruder and the auxiliary screw extruder are of uniform specification; the screw rods in the pressure relief draining thread sleeves and the main and auxiliary screw extruders can be replaced.
A process for forming a biomass-derived fuel (RDF), comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing materials, namely crushing, winnowing, magnetic separation, crushing, winnowing, magnetic separation and screening the biomass waste to reach a particle level of 1 cm, and simultaneously basically separating out inorganic substances to prepare a stable material source;
step two: stirring, wherein a material source enters a stirrer through a closed conveyer belt A, a sodium hydroxide spray head at the top of the stirrer sprays a sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature of the sodium hydroxide solution is controlled by a control panel to be 40-60 ℃, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 151.5 +/-22.5 g/100ml, the spray pressure of the spray head is controlled to be 1.2-3.45 MPa, the diameter Dv0.50 of fog drops is less than 200 mu m, and the Dv0.99 is less than 400 mu m, and discharging to an adjustable oblique outlet while adding a sodium hydroxide spray agent; the inclined outlet can be adjusted to incline downwards and the height of the outlet is adjusted to be as high as the discharging height so as to prevent the spraying agent from leaking; continuously feeding materials by using a closed type conveying belt A, and continuously discharging materials by using a stirrer to obtain mixed fuel;
step three: fine crushing, namely feeding the discharged material into a fine crushing machine through a closed conveyer belt B, further stirring and fine crushing the mixed fuel until the particle size reaches 5-10 mm, and at the moment, fully permeating the sodium hydroxide solution into the biomass waste through shearing and extrusion of the fine crushing machine to separate out free water;
step four: extruding, namely conveying the mixed fuel processed in the third step by a closed conveyer belt C into a charging hopper, vertically dropping into an auxiliary screw extruder, radially pressurizing the auxiliary screw extruder, and then feeding into a main screw extruder, and axially pressurizing the main screw extruder;
and fifthly, discharging, and finally extruding the mixed fuel from the arc three-petal quincuncial discharge hole through a guide cone of the forming head to form the biomass derived fuel (RDF), wherein a shearing device is arranged outside the arc three-petal quincuncial discharge hole in a matching manner to shear the biomass derived fuel (RDF) to a required length, so that the forming processing of the biomass derived fuel (RDF) is completed.
When the mixed fuel passes through the auxiliary screw extruder, the main screw extruder and the forming head guide cone, free water is separated out from the threads on the side wall or the pressure relief wall of the screw, and the free water is coated on the mixed fuel by the coating wall so as to reduce the extrusion friction force.
The peripheral arc radius R and the three-petal circle of the arc three-petal quincuncial discharge hole in the step fiveRadius R of arc and combined inner circle1＝R2＝R3＝R4R/2; an automatic cutting device is arranged outside the circular arc three-petal plum blossom-shaped discharge port, and the cutting length X is 2R.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the sodium hydroxide spray has a strong draining effect, and after stirring and fine breaking, water in the biomass waste particles is quickly separated out, and the water content in the biomass waste particles is quickly reduced.
2. The separated water becomes free water which is a good lubricant in wet forming, the water is released on the pressure relief wall, and the water is uniformly coated on the surface of the fuel on the coating wall, so that the friction force can be greatly reduced, the mechanical abrasion is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the productivity is improved.
3. The pressure relief wall slightly relieves the pressure of the fuel, the smearing wall slightly extrudes the fuel, and the fuel is slightly disturbed radially, so that the fuel is compacted and molded, and the water is separated out.
4. Plastics and the like in the biomass waste particles have good insulativity, a large amount of static electricity can be generated under the action of friction force, the electrostatic repulsive force of the static electricity has great influence on forming, the sodium hydroxide solution has good conductivity, and the uniformly released solution (water) can release the static electricity, so that the basis is laid for effective forming.
5. The whole process can realize continuous feeding and continuous discharging without stopping, and meets the requirement of productivity.
6. When the biomass waste is crushed, two ends of the particles are extruded and sheared and broken to be in a thin and sharp shape, the middle of the particles is only extruded to be in a thick and round shape, the whole particles are in an olive or discus shape, the axial force of the particles is large in the extrusion forming process, the radial force is from the radial extrusion component force between the particles, and the force is small; the two vertically intersected screw extruders enable the fuel to receive forces from two directions, the two forces supplement each other, the extrusion compactness is effectively improved, and the density of the biomass derived fuel (RDF) can be improved by over 40%.
7. The arc three-petal plum blossom shape can effectively improve the combustion area of the biomass derived fuel (RDF); the three quincunx shapes and the granularity of 50 multiplied by 50mm can lead the burning time to be shortest, effectively reduce the thermal ignition loss rate and improve the consumption and the utilization rate of the biomass derived fuel (RDF).
8. The screw rod in the pressure relief draining thread sleeve and the main and auxiliary screw extruders is fast to replace, and the maintenance cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall process flow of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the forming assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the forming assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a circular arc three-petal quincunx discharge port of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a forming head of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a pressure relief draining thread insert of the present invention;
figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a forming head of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a closed conveying belt A, 2 parts of a sodium hydroxide spray head, 3 parts of a stirrer, 4 parts of an adjustable inclined outlet, 5 parts of a closed conveying belt B, 6 parts of a fine crusher, 7 parts of a closed conveying belt C, 8 parts of a main screw extruder, 9 parts of an auxiliary screw extruder, 10 parts of a loading hopper, 11 parts of a forming head, 12 parts of a variable frequency motor, 13 parts of a sodium hydroxide control disc, 14 parts of an arc three-petal quincunx discharge port, 15 parts of a pressure relief wall, 16 parts of a coating wall, 17 parts of a gearbox, 18 parts of threads, 19 parts of a pressure relief water draining thread sleeve, 20 parts of a screw, 21 parts of a flow guide cone and 23 parts of a discharge port.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A forming device of biomass derived fuel (RDF) as shown in figure 1 comprises a stirrer 3, a fine crusher 6, a screw extruder and a forming head 11 on the screw extruder in sequence, wherein a discharge hole is formed in the forming head 11; one end of the stirring machine 3 is communicated with a closed conveying belt A1, the other end of the stirring machine is an adjustable inclined outlet 4, the adjustable inclined outlet 4 is communicated with one end of a closed conveying belt B5, the other end of the closed conveying belt B5 is communicated with one end of a fine crushing machine 6, the other end of the fine crushing machine 6 is communicated with a loading hopper 10 through a closed conveying belt C7, the lower end of the loading hopper 10 is provided with a screw extruder, and the stirring machine 3, the fine crushing machine 6, the screw extruder, the closed conveying belt A1, the closed conveying belt B5 and the closed conveying belt C7 are driven by a motor; and a sodium hydroxide spray head 2 is arranged at the inner top of the stirrer 3.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the screw extruder comprises a main screw extruder 8 and a secondary screw extruder 9, the main screw extruder 8 is opened downwards 1/4 and is communicated with a corresponding part of the secondary screw extruder 9, the front end of the main screw extruder 8 is provided with a forming head 11 in the discharging direction, and a discharging port template 23 is arranged on the forming head 11; the other end of the auxiliary screw extruder 9 is opened right above and communicated with a charging hopper 10; the main screw extruder 8 and the auxiliary screw extruder 9 are driven by a gearbox 17 driven by a variable frequency motor 12.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the discharge hole template 23 on the forming head 11 is provided with a plurality of groups of circular arc three-petal quincunx discharge holes 14, the circular arc radius R of the outer circumference of the best embodiment of the circular arc three-petal quincunx discharge holes 14 is 25mm, and the radius R of the three-petal circular arcs and the combined inner circle1＝R2＝R3＝R412.5mm for R/2, 25mm for R; an automatic cutting device is arranged outside the arc three-petal quincunx discharge port 14, and the cutting length X is 2R 50 mm.
The rotating speed of the auxiliary screw extruder 9 is higher than that of the main screw extruder 8 by (10 +/-2)%; the torque of the main screw extruder 8 is larger (40 +/-5)% than that of the auxiliary screw extruder 9.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the forming head 11 is provided with a flow guide channel, and a conical flow guide cone 21 is arranged in the flow guide channel; the inner wall of the main screw extruder 8, the inner wall of the auxiliary screw extruder 9 and the outer surface of the guide cone 21 are provided with pressure relief draining thread sleeves 19; the pressure relief draining thread sleeve 19 comprises a pressure relief wall 15 perpendicular to the incoming material direction and an applying wall 16 obliquely crossed to the incoming material direction, the pressure relief wall 15 is arranged in the incoming material direction, and the applying wall 16 is arranged in the material removing direction; the pressure relief wall 15 and the smearing wall 16 form a thread 18 or a spiral 20; the screw flight 18 or flight 20 rotates in the same direction as the secondary screw of the secondary screw extruder 9 and the main screw of the main screw extruder 8.
The sodium hydroxide spray head 2 is provided with a sodium hydroxide control disc 13 in a matching way, the temperature of the sodium hydroxide control disc 13 is controlled to be 40-60 ℃, and the concentration is 151.5 +/-22.5 g/100 ml; the pressure of the spray head is controlled to be 1.2 MPa-3.45 MPa, the diameter of the fog drops is controlled to be Dv0.50 less than 200 mu m, and Dv0.99 less than 400 mu m.
The screw rod of the main screw extruder 8 and the screw rod of the auxiliary screw extruder 9 adopt uniform specifications; the pressure relief and water drainage thread sleeves 19 in the main screw extruder and the auxiliary screw extruder are of uniform specification; the pressure relief draining thread sleeve 19 and the screw rod in the main and auxiliary screw extruders can be replaced.
The molding process comprises the following steps:
a process for forming a biomass-derived fuel (RDF), comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing materials, namely crushing, winnowing, magnetic separation, crushing, winnowing, magnetic separation and screening the biomass waste to reach a particle level of 1 cm, and simultaneously basically separating out inorganic substances to prepare a stable material source;
step two: stirring, wherein a material source enters a stirrer 3 through a closed conveyer belt A1, a sodium hydroxide spray head 2 at the top of the stirrer 3 sprays a sodium hydroxide solution, a sodium hydroxide solution control disc 13 controls the temperature to be 40-60 ℃, the concentration to be 151.5 +/-22.5 g/100ml, the pressure of the spray head to be 1.2-3.45 MPa, the diameter of fog drops to be Dv0.50 to be less than 200 mu m and the diameter of Dv0.99 to be less than 400 mu m, and the material is discharged to an adjustable inclined outlet 4 while adding a sodium hydroxide spray agent; the closed type conveying belt A1 continuously feeds materials, and the stirrer 3 continuously discharges materials to obtain mixed fuel; the adjustable inclined outlet 4 is inclined downwards and the height of the outlet is adjusted to be as high as the discharging height so as to prevent the sodium hydroxide spray from overflowing.
Step three: finely breaking, namely feeding the discharged material into a fine breaking machine 6 through a closed conveying belt B5, further stirring and finely breaking the mixed fuel until the particle size reaches 5-10 mm, and at the moment, fully permeating the sodium hydroxide solution into the biomass waste through shearing and extrusion of the fine breaking machine to separate out free water;
step four: extruding, namely conveying the mixed fuel processed in the step three into a charging hopper 10 by using a closed conveying belt C7, vertically dropping into an auxiliary screw extruder 9, radially pressurizing the auxiliary screw extruder 9, then feeding into a main screw extruder 8, and axially pressurizing the main screw extruder 8;
and fifthly, discharging, finally extruding the mixed fuel from the arc three-petal quincuncial discharge hole 14 through a guide cone 21 of the forming head 11 to form biomass derived fuel (RDF), wherein a shearing device is arranged outside the arc three-petal quincuncial discharge hole 14 in a matching manner, shearing the biomass derived fuel (RDF) into required length, and forming and processing the biomass derived fuel (RDF).
When the mixed fuel passes through the auxiliary screw extruder 9, the main screw extruder 8 and the forming head guide cone 21, free water is separated out from the threads 18 on the side wall of the mixed fuel or the pressure relief wall 15 of the screw 20, and the free water is coated on the mixed fuel by the coating wall 16 so as to reduce the extrusion friction force. The thread 18 or the spiral 20 is in the same direction as the main screw and the auxiliary screw; the pressure relief wall 15 is arranged in the feeding direction, and the smearing wall 16 is arranged in the material removing direction; the pressure relief wall 15 slightly relieves pressure of the fuel, the smearing wall 16 slightly extrudes the fuel, and the fuel is slightly disturbed radially, so that the fuel is favorably compacted and formed, and water is analyzed.
The radius R of the peripheral arc of the arc three-petal quincuncial discharge hole 14 in the step five, the radius R of the three-petal arc and the combined inner circle1＝R2＝R3＝R4R/2; an automatic cutting device is arranged outside the circular arc three-petal quincunx discharge port 14, and the cutting length X is 2R.
The forming head 11 is provided with discharge ports with different radiuses and shapes according to the combustion property, the heat value and the different types of the gasification furnace of biomass derived fuel (RDF), the radius R of the peripheral arc of the discharge port of the gasification furnace with the diameter of 3.2 meters is 25mm, the shape of the discharge port of the gasification furnace is arc trivalvular plum blossom, and the length X is 2R is 50 mm; the radius R of the peripheral arc of the discharge port of the gasification furnace with the diameter of 4.2 m is (25+10) mm, the shape is circular, and the length X is 2R 70 mm.
According to different requirements of yield and density, discharge ports with different numbers and calibers are arranged, and the density of the biomass derived fuel (RDF) is required to be less than 1kg/m3In the process, 8-10 discharge ports with the peripheral arc radius R of 25mm and the shape of an arc three-petal plum blossom shape can be arranged on the discharge port template 23.
When the mixed fuel passes through the auxiliary screw extruder 9, the main screw extruder 8 and the forming head guide cone 21, free water is separated out from the pressure relief draining thread 18 on the side wall or the pressure relief wall 15 of the screw 20, and the free water is coated on the mixed fuel by the coating wall 16 so as to reduce the extrusion friction force; the thread 18 or the spiral 20 is in the same direction as the main screw and the auxiliary screw; the pressure relief wall 15 is arranged in the feeding direction, and the smearing wall 16 is arranged in the material removing direction; the pressure relief wall 15 slightly relieves pressure of the fuel, the smearing wall 16 slightly extrudes the fuel, and the fuel is slightly disturbed radially, so that the fuel is favorably compacted and formed.
In the extrusion forming process, the plastic in the fuel particles has good insulativity, a large amount of static electricity can be generated under the action of friction force, the electrostatic repulsive force of the plastic exerts great influence on forming, the sodium hydroxide solution has good conductivity, and the uniformly released solution (water) can release the static electricity, so that the basis is laid for effective forming.
When the biomass waste is crushed, two ends of the particles are extruded and sheared and broken to be in a thin and sharp shape, the middle of the particles is only extruded to be in a thick and round shape, the general shape of the particles is similar to an olive shape or a discus shape, the particles are subjected to a large axial force in the extrusion forming process, and a radial force comes from a radial extrusion component force between the particles, and the force is small; the two vertically intersected screw extruders enable the fuel to receive forces from two directions, the two forces supplement each other, the extrusion compactness is effectively improved, and the density of the biomass derived fuel (RDF) can be improved by over 40%.
A main screw extruder 8 and an auxiliary screw extruder 9 are arranged on the horizontal plane of the forming unit from left to right (see figure 3); the front end of the main screw extruder is provided with an arc three-petal quincunx discharge port 14 and a quincunx discharge port 14, and biomass derived fuel (RDF) is output (see figure 2); the main screw extruder 8 is opened towards the right lower side 1/4 and is communicated with the auxiliary screw extruder 9 to receive pressurized biomass derived fuel (RDF) from the auxiliary screw extruder 9 in a vertical intersecting direction, and the main screw extruder 8 is opened towards the right lower side 1/4 so as to conform to the thrust direction of the main screw and avoid the reverse resistance of the opening of the left upper part 1/4; the upper part of the right end of the auxiliary screw extruder 9 is opened and connected with a loading hopper 10, and biomass derived fuel (RDF) which falls vertically from the loading hopper 10 is received; the main screw extruder and the auxiliary screw extruder are driven by a gearbox 17 driven by a variable frequency motor 12.
The sodium hydroxide solution has a strong draining effect, is beaten into tiny particles, is uniformly sprayed on the biomass waste particles, is further stirred and broken, and can be infiltrated into the particles, so that the effect is much better than that of simple stirring, the draining effect of the sodium hydroxide is reflected in the extrusion forming process, and water is released and smeared at the pressure relief draining thread to become a lubricant; at the same time, the charge can be discharged.
When the biomass derived fuel (RDF) is formed, the temperature of a discharge port reaches 60-65 ℃, and then the water on the surface of the RDF is quickly volatilized through a longer and slower conveying belt and the arrangement of an air cooling system.
Practice proves that the moisture content of the biomass waste is within 50%, and no water drops are generated when the biomass waste is molded by the scheme. By the process, the forming efficiency is higher, and the density of the formed biomass derived fuel (RDF) can reach 1kg/m3Above, the water content can be reduced by 5%.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (7)
1. A biomass-derived fuel (RDF) forming plant, characterized by: the device sequentially comprises a stirrer (3), a fine crusher (6), a screw extruder and a forming head (11) on the screw extruder, wherein a discharge hole is formed in the forming head (11); one end of the stirrer (3) is communicated with the closed type conveying belt A (1), the other end of the stirrer is provided with an adjustable inclined outlet (4), the adjustable inclined outlet (4) is communicated with one end of the closed type conveying belt B (5), the other end of the closed type conveying belt B (5) is communicated with one end of the fine crushing machine (6), the other end of the fine crushing machine (6) is communicated with the feeding hopper (10) through the closed type conveying belt C (7), the lower end of the feeding hopper (10) is provided with a screw extruder, and the stirrer (3), the fine crushing machine (6), the screw extruder, the closed type conveying belt A (1), the closed type conveying belt B (5) and the closed type conveying belt C (7) are; a sodium hydroxide spray head (2) is arranged at the inner top of the stirrer (3);
the screw extruder comprises an auxiliary screw extruder (9) and a main screw extruder (8) obliquely above the auxiliary screw extruder (9), the main screw extruder (8) is provided with an opening 1/4 in the radial direction and is communicated with a part corresponding to the auxiliary screw extruder (9), the discharging direction of the front end of the main screw extruder (8) is a forming head (11), and a discharging port template (23) is arranged on the forming head (11); the other end of the auxiliary screw extruder (9) is opened right above and communicated with a charging hopper (10); the main screw extruder (8) and the auxiliary screw extruder (9) are driven by a gearbox (17) driven by a variable frequency motor (12);
a discharge port template (23) on the forming head (11) is provided with a plurality of groups of circular arc three-petal plum blossom-shaped discharge ports (14), the radius of a peripheral circular arc of the circular arc three-petal plum blossom-shaped discharge ports (14) is R, and the radius R1 of a three-petal circular arc and a combined inner circle is R2-R3-R4-R/2; an automatic cutting device is arranged outside the discharge port, and the cutting length X is 2R;
the forming head (11) is provided with a flow guide channel, and a conical flow guide cone (21) is arranged in the flow guide channel; the inner wall of the main screw extruder (8), the inner wall of the auxiliary screw extruder (9) and the outer surface of the diversion cone (21) are respectively provided with a pressure-relief draining thread sleeve (19); the pressure relief draining thread sleeve (19) comprises a pressure relief wall (15) perpendicular to the incoming material direction and an applying wall (16) oblique to the incoming material direction, the pressure relief wall (15) is arranged in the incoming material direction, and the applying wall (16) is arranged in the material removing direction; the pressure relief wall (15) and the smearing wall (16) form a thread (18) or a spiral (20); the screw thread (18) or the screw (20) has the same rotation direction with an auxiliary screw of the auxiliary screw extruder (9) and a main screw of the main screw extruder (8).
2. The molding apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: the rotating speed of the auxiliary screw extruder (9) is higher than that of the main screw extruder (8) by (10 +/-2)%; the torque of the main screw extruder (8) is larger than that of the auxiliary screw extruder (9) by (40 +/-5)%.
3. The molding apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: the sodium hydroxide spray head (2) is matched with a sodium hydroxide control disc (13), the temperature of the sodium hydroxide control disc (13) is kept between 40 and 60 ℃, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is controlled to be 151.5 +/-22.5 g/100 ml; the spraying pressure of the spraying head is controlled to be 1.2 MPa-3.45 MPa, the diameter of the fog drops is controlled to be Dv0.50 less than 200 mu m, and Dv0.99 less than 400 mu m.
4. The molding apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: the screw rod of the main screw extruder (8) and the screw rod of the auxiliary screw extruder (9) adopt uniform specifications; the pressure relief and water drainage thread sleeves (19) in the main screw extruder and the auxiliary screw extruder are of uniform specification; the pressure relief draining thread sleeve (19) and the screw rod in the main and auxiliary screw extruders can be replaced.
5. A process for forming a biomass-derived fuel (RDF), comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing materials, namely crushing, winnowing, magnetic separation, crushing, winnowing, magnetic separation and screening the biomass waste to reach a particle level of 1 cm, and simultaneously basically separating out inorganic substances to prepare a stable material source;
step two: stirring, wherein a material source enters a stirrer (3) through a closed conveyer belt A (1), a sodium hydroxide spray head (2) at the top of the stirrer (3) sprays a sodium hydroxide solution, a sodium hydroxide solution control disc (13) controls the temperature to be 40-60 ℃, the concentration to be 151.5 +/-22.5 g/100ml, the spray pressure to be sprayed by the spray head to be 1.2-3.45 MPa, the diameter Dv0.50 of fog drops to be less than 200 mu m and the diameter Dv0.99 to be less than 400 mu m, and the sodium hydroxide spray is added while stirring and discharged to an adjustable inclined outlet (4); the adjustable inclined outlet (4) is inclined downwards and the height of the outlet is adjusted to be as high as the discharge height so as to prevent the spray from leaking; the closed type conveying belt A (1) continuously feeds materials, and the stirrer (3) continuously discharges materials to obtain mixed fuel;
step three: fine crushing, namely feeding the discharged material into a fine crushing machine (6) through a closed conveyer belt B (5), further stirring and fine crushing the mixed fuel until the particle size reaches 5-10 mm, and fully permeating the sodium hydroxide solution into the biomass waste through shearing and extrusion of the fine crushing machine to separate out free water;
step four: extruding, namely conveying the mixed fuel processed in the third step by a closed conveying belt C (7) into a charging hopper (10), vertically falling into an auxiliary screw extruder (9), radially pressurizing the auxiliary screw extruder, then entering a main screw extruder (8), and axially pressurizing the main screw extruder (8);
and fifthly, discharging, and finally extruding the mixed fuel from the circular arc three-petal quincuncial discharge hole (14) through a guide cone (21) of the forming head (11) to form biomass derived fuel (RDF), wherein a shearing device is arranged outside the circular arc three-petal quincuncial discharge hole (14) in a matching manner to shear the biomass derived fuel (RDF) into required length, so that the forming processing of the biomass derived fuel (RDF) is completed.
6. The molding process according to claim 5, wherein: when the mixed fuel passes through the auxiliary screw extruder (9), the main screw extruder (8) and the forming head guide cone (21), free water is separated out from a pressure relief wall (15) of a thread (18) or a screw (20) on the side wall of the mixed fuel, and the free water is coated on the mixed fuel by the coating wall (16) so as to reduce the extrusion friction force.
7. The molding process according to claim 5, wherein: the radius R of the peripheral arc of the arc three-petal plum blossom-shaped discharge port (14) in the step five, the radius R1 of the three-petal arc and the combined inner circle is R2-R3-R4-R/2; an automatic cutting device is arranged outside the circular arc three-petal quincunx discharge port (14), and the cutting length X is 2R.
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