CN103537470A - Solid waste purifying and recycling system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a system for classifying and recycling various types of solid waste. At present, the waste output in our country is huge, and treatment appliances are not enough, and most of the waste is treated mainly in filling, combusting, stacking and composting manners, the treatment is difficult, and meanwhile, resources are wasted extremely. The system classifies and collects various useful components in solid waste by adopting appropriate and advanced solid waste separation methods and equipment, and mechanical separation is adopted as far as possible; meanwhile, secondary pollution possibly generated during the recycling process is treated pertinently, the secondary pollution hazard is eliminated, and the system has the great popularization and application value.

Description

Solid waste purification and recycling system

technical field

The invention is an invention patent, which is used for the classification and recovery of various solid wastes (such as urban solid waste, agricultural solid waste and various industrial wastes, etc.). Various recycling devices of the present invention can realize resource utilization of various solid wastes.

Background technique

my country's solid waste pollution control started late, and the construction of treatment facilities is insufficient. With the rapid investment in the solid waste industry, the prospect of solid waste treatment equipment is very broad. In 2010, the total output value of the environmental protection industry reached 120 billion yuan, of which solid waste treatment equipment and resource comprehensive utilization equipment reached a total market volume of 12 billion yuan in 2010, and the proportion of the output value of the environmental protection industry increased from 5% in 2008 to 11% %, the growth rate of the solid waste treatment equipment market will be higher than the growth rate of the environmental protection equipment industry, and the future market space for solid waste treatment related equipment is broad.

During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the solid waste industry will enter a period of rapid development. In the next five years, the average annual investment in urban solid waste treatment in my country will be more than 40 billion yuan, and the total investment will reach more than 200 billion yuan. Among them, the investment in urban waste treatment will reach 86 billion, the investment in sludge treatment will be 47 billion, the investment in hazardous waste treatment will be 15 billion, and the investment in comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste will be 20 billion. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China invested 65 billion yuan in the field of solid waste treatment, accounting for 5.8% of the total investment in environmental protection. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the total output value of my country's solid waste treatment industry will reach 800 billion yuan, a substantial increase from the corresponding output value during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan". Before 2020, the compound annual growth rate of my country's investment in solid waste is expected to remain above 20%. The solid waste industry has entered a golden period of development. Huge investment will promote the development of enterprises. The demand for solid waste treatment equipment (including garbage shredders) in the domestic market will grow by double digits.

Waste solid waste includes municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste and agricultural waste. The treatment of solid waste usually refers to the process of converting solid waste into a process suitable for transportation, storage, utilization or disposal by physical, chemical, biological, physical and biochemical methods. The goal of solid waste treatment is harmless, reduction, resourceful. At present, the commonly used treatment methods are compaction, crushing and other measures to reduce the volume after initial treatment, then incinerate, landfill or compost, or use certain sorting to recycle and reduce it.

Contents of the invention

The invention discloses a system for resource utilization of various solid wastes.

The technical core of the present invention lies in the following points:

1. Through a lot of practice, we have explored a system for effectively sorting and recycling various wastes. This system can sort wastes according to differences in waste density, particle size, magnetic and optical properties. According to the type of waste, we can properly adjust the recycling process to achieve the purpose of economical rationality and maximum recycling.

2. In addition to conventional crushing, screening, and magnetic separation, this system also adopts some advanced separation technologies at home and abroad, such as eddy current separation, optical separation, air separation, etc. At the same time, in order to increase the added value of the separated products, the grinding technology, plastic granulation technology and foam compaction technology are also used.

3. While utilizing solid waste as a resource, the system avoids secondary pollution as much as possible. The flotation and cleaning water required by the system can use the effluent water from the sewage station. The system water is treated and reused as much as possible to reduce the amount of supplementary water as much as possible. Appropriate measures are used to solve the secondary pollution that is inevitable in this process. For the noise generated by this process, we separately add sound insulation covers to the noisy equipment, and add sound insulation cotton to the workshop wall; for the waste gas that may be generated in this process, spray absorption, plasma technology or activated carbon adsorption can be used according to different types. ; For a small amount of sewage, it can be solved in the current mainstream conventional way.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of flowchart of solid waste recycling sorting.

1. The solid waste raw materials pass through the clear water separation tank 1, and carry out preliminary sorting according to the density while cleaning. The solid waste raw materials are divided into two categories according to the density. The upper part is plastic film, a small amount of heavy plastic fiber, and cloth strips. , wooden boards, a small amount of iron and other scrap metal (connected with light materials), etc., and the lower part is various metals, heavy plastics, circuit boards and CDs, etc.

2. The upper part of the raw materials is manually sorted out of large pieces of garbage, plastic bottles and cans, etc., and the remaining materials are further sorted by means of shredder 2, magnetic separator 4, rinsing machine 8 and centrifugal dehydrator 9. , plastic films and fibers are separated, and the plastic films are dried and granulated for sale.

3. The heavy materials in the lower layer are separated from various metals, heavy plastics and Other wastes are separated and recycled separately.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the block diagram of implementing factory process technology.

Example

This system has been successfully used in a certain domestic waste in Changtai, Fujian. At present, a solid waste recycling production line with a daily processing capacity of 100 tons has been established. The main products are waste plastics and fibers, and a small amount of metal. Through practice, this system can effectively classify and recycle various components in solid waste with high recycling efficiency. Among them, the plastic film is sold and recycled after granulation. All the cleaning water in this system is recycled after being treated, and the waste gas produced by granulation is discharged after being absorbed by alkali spray and activated carbon, without secondary pollution. Embodiment process block diagram is shown in accompanying drawing 2, and the specific technical parameters of main equipment are as follows:

1. Conveyor belt

1. Purpose

This machine is mainly used for conveying solid waste

2. Main technical parameters

1). Conveyor belt

Dimensions (length x width) 8000 x 1000mm

2).Conveying capacity: 2t/h

3). Speed: 41r/min

4). Motor power: 3kw

3. Structure

Conveyor belt equipment is mainly composed of racks, bearing housings, rollers, rubber casters, etc., and is a conventional equipment.

2. Crusher

1. Purpose

This machine is mainly used for crushing solid waste.

2. Main technical parameters

1). Diameter: Φ650mm

2). Number of rotary blades: 8

3). Number of fixed blades: 4

4). Crushing capacity: 1.2t/h

5). Motor power: 55kw

6). Speed: 960r/min

3. Structure

The crusher is mainly composed of a motor, a feeding chamber, a bearing, a blade, a screen, and a frame. The machine has low noise, is safe and reliable, and can be used to crush plastic films and fibers. It is one of the key equipment of the present invention.

3. Cleaning tank

1. Purpose

This machine is mainly used for cleaning plastic solid waste

2. Main technical parameters

1). Cleaning capacity: 2t/h

2). Dimensions: (length × width × height) 8000 × 2800 × 2800mm

3).Thumb wheel motor power: 2.2kw

4).Fork rotation speed: 12r/min

5). Bottom discharge collection speed: 20r/min

6). Bottom waste residue collection motor power: 2.2kw

3. Structure

This machine is composed of a frame, a water tank, a shift fork, a bottom discharge and a motor, etc. It is a common equipment and is one of the important auxiliary cleaning and separation equipment of the present invention.

4. Dehydrator

1. Purpose

Centrifugal dehydrator is mainly used for dehydration and drying of plastic film and hard plastic at the bottom.

2. Main technical parameters

1).Rotor diameter: Φ890mm

2).Production capacity: 1t/h

3). Speed: 1200r/min

4). Motor power: 75kw

5).Sieve hole diameter: 3mm

3. Structure

The centrifugal dehydrator is mainly composed of a frame, a bearing seat, a screen, a casing, etc. It is a common general-purpose equipment and one of the important auxiliary equipment of the present invention.

5. Wind dryer

1. Purpose

for film drying

2. Main technical parameters

1). Capacity 1t/h

2). Fan power: 22kw

3). Speed: 2800r/min

4). Main pipe diameter: Φ360mm

3. Structure

This machine is mainly composed of fan, main pipe, bracket and heating box, which is a common general equipment and one of the important auxiliary equipment of the present invention.

6. Vortex wind separator

1. Purpose

Separation of metals and non-metals in solid waste.

2. Main technical parameters

1).Magnetic drum diameter: 300mm

2). Magnetic drum speed: 3000r/min

3). Belt width: 450mm

4). Belt speed: 0-1.0m/s

5). Processing capacity: 2-4t/h

6). Driving power: 3.0+0.55kw

7). Automatic feeding power: 0.25×2kw

3. Structure

The eddy current separator equipment is mainly composed of the main drive system magnetic drum, material conveying system (material conveyor belt, conveyor belt drive roller, geared motor), frame and cover, and is one of the key innovative equipment of the present invention.

7. Wind Separator

1. Purpose

This machine is mainly used for the separation of copper and aluminum metal.

2. Main technical parameters

1). Output per unit: >=150kg/h

2). Blower: 0.25/220kw/v

3). Air volume: 3000～4000m3/h

4). Wind pressure: (60～90)×9.8Pa

5). Conveyor belt speed: 0.3～0.4m/s

3. Structure

The wind separator is mainly composed of a fan, a feeding hopper, three discharging collecting hoppers, a dust collecting device, a vibrating feeding device, etc. It is a common general-purpose device and one of the important innovative devices of the present invention.

8. Spectral sorting machine

1. Purpose

Separate the hard plastic coming out of the bottom of the cleaning tank by type.

2. Main technical parameters

1). Number of channels: 160

2). Ratio of primary and secondary channels: 120:40

3). Throughput: <=0.8t/h

4). Rejection rate: 0.98

5). Optimal secondary take-out ratio: 10:1

6).Power supply voltage: 220v/50HZ

7). Overall power: 1.8kw

8). Air source pressure: > 0.5MPa

3. Structure

The spectral sorter is mainly composed of six major parts: real-time signal acquisition system, signal processing system, electric control system, feeding system, air system and mechanical mechanism system. It is one of the important innovative devices of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. for all kinds of solid waste classification, reclaim a system for recycling, this system comprises following technological equipment:

First this material carries out preliminary sorting by first sorting pool 1 according to material density, and upper materials is first chosen line 2 by artificial separation, chooses part recoverable metal and plank; Leftover materials enter shredder 3, and shredder is processed; Material is out chosen the magnetic metal of the inside through magnetic separator 4; Leftover materials are mainly plastic sheeting classes afterwards, pass through successively friction cleaning machine 7, rinsing bath 8, carries out granulation processing after centrifugal dehydrator 9 and wind-force dry 10 again, just sorting pool 1 bottom material is mainly heavy metal and heavy plastics, first with rotary screen 13, according to particle size, carries out just dividing; On sieve, large particle diameter material enters disintegrating machine 15 after hand picking; After crusher in crushing, enter magnetic separator 16 together with screenings, sub-elect magnetic metal; Leftover materials are dried induction system 18 by strength after pulverizer further reduces particle diameter, enter vortex sorting machine 19, by metal and nonmetal separating after being dried; Metal species is through pneumatic separating 20, and sub-argument goes out copper sheet and aluminium flake; Non-metal kind is separated various leftover and plastics through spectrum sorter 21.

2. method according to claim 1, pulverizer, eddy current sorting, selection by winnowing, light choosing are the critical processes that discarded object reclaims, so the reasonable combination of disintegrating machine, vortex sorting machine, winnowing machine, spectrum sorter and other auxiliary equipment is core of the present invention.

3. according to method described in claims 1, disintegrating machine is key equipment, adopts embedded design, and its rotating speed, shape, size and blade installation site all can change, as long as reach broken, requires, and is not limited to the model machine that embodiment provides.

4. according to method described in claims 1, potcher is the auxiliary equipment that realizes plastic sheeting and duroplasts, and its size and operational factor are not limited to the model machine that embodiment provides, and can meet and clean and separation requirement.

5. according to method described in claims 1, belt conveyor is a kind of equipment that transmits accurately material, and its appropriate location increases and cancels does not affect the present invention.

6. according to method described in claims 1, vortex sorting machine, winnowing machine and light selecting machine are innovative means of the present invention, be used in solid waste and reasonable combination can reach good separating effect, and be innovation of the present invention.

7. method according to claim 1, various key equipments and auxiliary equipment do not have strict restriction in type selecting, and mainly can arrive the separating effect of expecting does not just affect the present invention.

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